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Book . TYS-ULE. 
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61st Congress \ g g^ * T ^ ( Document 

2d Set* ion i \ No. ;;so 

INVESTIGATION OF 

TELEPHONE COMPANIES 



LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE AND 
LABOR TRANSMITTING, IN RESFONSE TO A SENATE 
RESOLUTION OF MAY 28, 1908, A REPORT SIIOW1NG THE 
RESULTS OF AN INVESTIGATION MADE BY THE BU- 
REAU OF LABOR INTO TELEPHONE COMPANIES EN- 
GAGED IN THE CONDUCT OF INTERSTATE BUSINESS 



FEBRUARY 24, 1910 

Referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce and 
ordered to be printed, with illustrations 



WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1910 



61st Congress \ q^^t A tt? / Document 

M Session f SENATE j No> 380 

INVESTIGATION OF 

TELEPHONE COMPANIES 

YS't 

st.tr 

LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE AND 
LABOR TRANSMITTING, IN RESPONSE TO A SENATE 
RESOLUTION OF MAY 28, 1908, A REPORT SHOWING THE 
RESULTS OF AN INVESTIGATION MADE BY THE BU- 
^REAU OF LABOR INTO TELEPHONE COMPANIES EN- 
GAGED IN THE CONDUCT OF INTERSTATE BUSINESS 



FEBRUARY 24, 1910 

Referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce and 
ordered to be printed, with illustrations 



WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1910 







S3 1910 



LETTERS OF TRANSMITTAL. 



Department of Commerce and Labor, 

Office of the Secretary, 

Washington, February 23, 1910. 
Sir: In pursuance of Senate resolution No. 205 of the Sixtieth 
Congress, first session, directing an investigation by this department 
of the telegraph and telephone companies, I have the honor to trans- 
mit herewith a report showing the results of an investigation made by 
the Bureau of Labor into the telephone companies engaged in the 
conduct of interstate business as to their methods of business, wages 
paid, etc. This report supplements the report forwarded some time 
since, which related to the Western Union and Postal Telegraph-Cable 
companies, and which was published as Senate Document No. 725, 
Sixtieth Congress, second session. 

Respectfully, Charles Nagel, 

Secretary. 
Hon. James S. Sherman, 

President of the Senate, Washington, D. C. 



Department of Commerce and Labor, 

Bureau of Labor, 

Washington, February 23, 1910. 
Sir: In accordance with your instructions this bureau undertook 
the investigation directed by Senate Resolution No. 205 of the Six- 
tieth Congress, first session, with regard to telegraph and telephone 
companies. The results of that investigation, so far as the tele- 
graph companies are concerned, have been embodied in a report 
which was forwarded some time ago, but it has not been possible to 
prepare the present report for transmission at an earlier date. 

I now have the honor to transmit a report on telephone companies, 
which embodies the results of the investigation so far as they relate 
to such companies. The planning and conduct of the field work have 
been done by Special Agent Ethelbert Stewart, and the text of the 
report herewith transmitted has been largely prepared by him. The 
planning and preparation of the tables accompanying the report have 
been under the direction of Mr. Charles E. Baldwin, of the statistical 
division of the bureau. 

I am, very respectfully, Chas. P. Neill, 

Commissioner. 
The honorable the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, 

Washington, D. C. 
3 



OOJ^TEJ^TS. 



Page. 

Letters of Transmittal 3 

Chapter I. — General Discussion of Conditions in Telephone Companies. 7-113 

Scope of the investigation 9-12 

Housing of exchanges 12-15 

Equipment 15, 16 

Organization of the labor force 17-19 

Application and entrance examination 19-22 

Training schools 22-24 

Working shifts or tricks and hours of labor for operators 24-28 

Working hours and hours of labor 28-38 

Character and severity of the work 38-76 

Description of telephone work 39^4 

Up reach and side reach on switchboard 45-48 

Length of service of operators 48-54 

Team work 54, 55 

Supervision 55 

The public and the operator 56, 57 

Time limit for making connections 57-59 

Breaking point of efficiency 59-76 

Presents and preferential calls 75-78 

Strikes and telephone operators' unions 78 

Care for health of operatives and welfare work 78-84 

Wages 84-97 

Rates charged for service 97,- 98 

General summary and review 98-113 

Chapter II. — Analysis of Tables 115-120 

Chapter III. — General Tables 121-322 

Table I. — Employment and working conditions in specified telephone 

companies, as reported by officials of the companies 123-150 

A.— Location and size of operating rooms and air space per person. . 123-127 
B. — Time allowance for handling calls, plug connections per hour, 
length of overtime day and rate paid, minimum age of employees, 

and wages at beginning work 128-131 

C. — Shifts required, companies previding night alarms and in which 

overtime work is optional and holidays and vacations granted . 132-135 

D. — Rates charged for telephone service 136-144 

E. — Distribution of operators, original calls, and average calls per oper- 
ator during each hour of the day 145-150 

Table II. — Working conditions in specified telephone companies, as re- 
ported by special agents 152-155 

5 



6 CONTENTS. 

Chapter III. — General Tables — Concluded. Page. 

Table III. — Summary of employment and working conditions in telephone 

companies, as reported by employees 156-169 

A. — Occupation, sex, length of employment in telephone service, and 

age of employees at entering service 156-159 

B. — Lunch time, relief, and number of employees working overtime. 160-163 
C. — Length of overtime day, choice of exchange and hours of work, 
health, care of operating set, and number of employees who 

live at home or board and who ride or walk to work 164-169 

Table IV. — Summary, for all telephone companies, of employment and 

working conditions, as reported by employees 170-179 

A. — Occupation, sex, length of employment in telephone service, and 

age of employees at entering service 170, 171 

B. — Lunch time, relief, and number of employees working overtime . 172-175 
C. — Length of overtime day, choice of exchange and hours of work, 
health, care of operating set, and number of employees who live 

at home or board and who ride or walk to work 174-179 

Table V. — Rates of wages and earnings of employees in certain telephone 
companies during a pay-roll period in 1908, as reported by 

officials of the companies 180-322 

A. — Classified rates of wages and hours of labor, by occupations 180-273 

B. — Summary, for telephone systems, of classified rates of wages and 

hours of labor, by occupations 274-301 

C. — Number and per cent of employees whose earnings during their 
respective pay-roll period were less, equal to, or greater than 

full-time earnings at specified rates 302-317 

D. — Summary, for telephone systems, of number and per cent of em- 
ployees whose earnings during their respective pay-roll period 
were less, equal to, or greater than full-time earnings at speci- 
fied rates 317, 318 

E. — Number and per cent of operators, by classified wage groups. . . 319-322 

Appendix A. — Forms of schedules used in telephone investigation 325-332 

Appendix B. — Specimen of first lessons in telephone operating 333-340 



CHAPTER I. 



GENERAL DISCUSSION OF CONDITIONS IN TELE- 
PHONE COMPANIES. 



CHAPTER I. 

GENERAL DISCUSSION OF CONDITIONS IN TELEPHONE 
COMPANIES. 

SCOPE OF THE INVESTIGATION. 

This report on telephone companies is the result of an investigation 
conducted by the Bureau of Labor, by direction of the Secretary of 
Commerce and Labor, in accordance with Senate Resolution No. 205 
of the Sixtieth Congress, first session, requiring the Secretary of 
Commerce and Labor "to institute an investigation into all the tele- 
graph and telephone companies engaged in the conduct of an inter- 
state business as to the methods used in handling the public's business, 
the wages paid telegraphers, telephone operators, and other employees 
of such companies, and the working conditions of the employees 
thereof, together with a statement of the receipts and expenditures 
of such companies for a period of five years." The report on tele- 
graph companies was presented in Senate Document No. 725, Feb- 
ruary 16, 1909. ( a ) 

Reports were received from 27 companies reporting operations in 
26 States. ( b ) The companies are presented under three groups : The 
Bell Telephone System, the Independent Telephone Companies, and 
the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. 

The first group comprises the following companies : The Bell Tele- 
phone Company of Missouri, including the various exchanges located 
in the city of St. Louis, Mo., and its suburbs, also East St. Louis > 
111.; The Bell Telephone Company of Philadelphia, covering various 
exchanges of the city and its suburbs ; The Central District and Print- 
ing Telegraph Company, Pittsburg, Pa., city and suburban exchanges; 
Central Union Telephone Company, Indianapolis, Ind.; Chesapeake 
and Potomac Telephone Company, Baltimore, Md., and Washington, 
D. C; Chicago Telephone Company, Chicago, 111., its city and sub- 
urban exchanges, including the exchanges in Waukegan, Evanston, 

a The schedules used in collecting the information here presented were known as 
B. L. 429, 430, 433, and 435, and are given in Appendix A, pp. 325 et seq. of this report. 

b The States from which reports were received were Alabama, California, Colorado, 
Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, 
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsyl- 
vania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, and Washington, and the 

District of Columbia. 

9 



10 o TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

and Aurora, 111. ; The Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Com- 
pany, including its city and suburban exchanges; Citizens' Telephone 
Company, Covington, Ky. ; Cleveland Telephone Company, Cleve- 
land, Ohio; Colorado Telephone Company, Denver, Colo.; Cumber- 
land Telephone and Telegraph Company, Louisville, Ky., Nashville, 
Tenn., and New Orleans, La.; The Missouri and Kansas Telephone 
Company, embracing the city and suburban exchanges of Kansas 
City, Mo., with its division having headquarters at Armstrong, Mo., 
Topeka, Kans., and Wellington, Kans., which includes 5 towns of 
25,000 population and over and 91 smaller cities and towns located 
in various sections of Missouri and Kansas; Nebraska Telephone 
Company, Omaha, Nebr.; New England Telephone and Telegraph 
Company, covering the central district of the company embracing 
the exchanges of Boston, and various suburban cities and towns; 
New York Telephone Company, including the exchanges of Greater 
New York; Northwestern Telephone Exchange Company, Minneap- 
olis, Minn., embracing the exchanges of Minneapolis, Minn., St. Paul, 
Minn., and the divisions located at Fargo, N. Dak., Sioux Falls, 
S. Dak., Red Wing, Minn., and Anoka, Minn., these latter divisions 
including 23 cities and towns having a population less than 25,000; 
Ozark Bell Telephone Company, including exchanges at Springfield, 
Mo., Aurora, Mo., and Republic, Mo.; Pacific Telephone and Tele- 
graph Company of San Francisco, Cal., Los Angeles, Cal., Portland, 
Oreg., and Seattle, Wash. ; Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Company, 
Salt Lake City, Utah; Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Com- 
pany, Atlanta, Ga., Birmingham, Ala., and Richmond, Va., and the 
Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Company of Dallas, Tex. 

Establishment schedules were received from the following inde- 
pendent companies: Maryland Telephone Company, Baltimore, Md.; 
Kansas City Home Telephone Company, Kansas City, Mo.; Louis- 
ville Home Telephone Company, Louisville, Ky. ; and the Keystone 
Telephone Company of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Establishment schedules were also received from the different 
divisions of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 
located in Boston, Mass., Chicago, 111., Cincinnati, Ohio, Kansas City, 
Mo., Minneapolis, Minn., New York, N. Y., Philadelphia, Pa., and 
St. Louis, Mo. 

These data relate to 32 cities of 25,000 population and over and 
126 smaller cities and towns. ( a ) 

a Of cities of 25,000 population and over data are included from the following: 
Atlanta, Ga., Baltimore, Md., Birmingham, Ala., Boston, Mass., Chicago, 111., Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, Cleveland, Ohio, Covington, Ky., Dallas, Tex., Denver, Colo., Indian- 
apolis, Ind., Joplin, Mo., Kansas City, Mo., Los Angeles, Cal., Louisville, Ky., Min- 
neapolis, Minn., Nashville, Tenn., New Orleans, La., New York, N. Y., Omaha, Nebr., 
Philadelphia, Pa., Pittsburg, Pa., Portland, Oreg., Richmond, Va., St. Joseph, Mo., 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 11 

Schedules were secured covering employees in the operating force 
and showing their general distribution into day, evening, and night 
shifts; whether "A" board operators or "B" board operators, etc. 
Pay-roll data secured included 39,586 employees. Of these 17,210 
were female operators working at the switchboards. 

Originally employing only men and boys, the telephone business 
has become one of the largest employers of women and girls, men and 
boys retaining their hold (outside of mechanical occupations and 
skilled trades) only on late night shifts in a few localities. ( b ) 

HOUSING OF EXCHANGES. 

Generally speaking, the telephone exchanges covered by this 
investigation were well housed, had ample space, were well lighted, 
and, judged by our present very questionable standards of ventilation, 

St. Louis, Mo., St. Paul, Minn., Salt Lake City, Utah, San Francisco, Cal., Seattle, 
Wash., Topeka, Kans., Washington, D. C. 

Of the cities and towns under 25,000 included, 61 are in Kansas, 17 in Minnesota, 
42 in Missouri, 5 in North Dakota, and 1 in South Dakota, as follows: 

Kansas — Abilene, Andale, Anthony, Arkansas City, Atchison, Attica, Bailey ville, 
Belle Plaine, Bern, Burns, Caney, C^darvale, Chanute, Chautauqua, Clinton, Coffey- 
ville, Cottonwood Falls, Council Grove, Dexter, Elgin, Elmdale, Erie, Eudora, 
Eureka, Fairmount, Florence, Fort Scott, Frontenac, Garnett, Gas, Grantville, Harper, 
Hutchinson, Iola, Kelly, Lawrence, Leavenworth, Lecompton, Madison, Marion, 
Merriam, Mount Hope, Neodesha, Olathe, Oneida, Ottawa, Parsons, Peabody, Peru, 
Pittsburg, Sabetha, St. Paul, Sedan, Sedgwick, Seneca, Valley Center, Weir, Welling- 
ton, Wichita, Williamsburg, Winfield. 

Minnesota — Albert Lea, Anoka, Austin, Brainerd, Crookston, Excelsior, Faribault, 
Little Falls, Mankato, Northfield, Owatonna, Red Wing, St. Cloud, Stillwater, WTiite 
Bear Lake, Willmar, Winona. 

Missouri — Armstrong, Aurora, Blue Springs, Boonville, Brookfield, Carrollton, Car- 
terville, Carthage, Fayette, Fulton, Glasgow, Glenwood, Grain Valley, Greenwood, 
Hannibal, Higbee, Independence, Jefferson City, Kirksville, Lancaster, Lees Summit, 
Marceline, Marionville, Maryville, Monett, Monroe City, Mount Vernon, Nevada, 
New Franklin, Odessa, Paris, Pierce City, Pleasant Hill, Republic, Sedalia, Seligman, 
Smith ville, South St. Joseph, Springfield, Stotts City, Warrensburg, Webb City. 

North Dakota — Fargo, Grafton, Grand Forks, Jamestown, Wahpeton. 

South Dakota — Sioux Falls. 

& According to a report of the Bureau of the Census on ' ' Statistics of women at work, 
1900" (pp. 158, 163-166), there were 21,999 females 16 years of age and over employed 
as telephone and telegraph operators in 1900, distributed by nativity as follows: Both 
parents native-born white, 12,018, or 54.6 per cent; one or both parents foreign-born 
white, 8,611, or 39.1 per cent; foreign-born white, 1,357, or 6.2 per cent; negro, In- 
dian, and Mongolian, 13, or 0.1 per cent. Probably most of the foreign born and those 
of foreign-born parentage are employed as telegraph rather than telephone operators, 
because of the fact that any accent or peculiarity of pronunciation or speech is a prac- 
tical bar to employment in the telephone business. 

According to the same report (p. 36), of these 21,999 women 71.1 per cent were from 
16 to 24 years of age, 22.6 per cent from 25 to 34, 4.4 per cent from 35 to 44, and 1.3 per 
cent from 45 to 54; 92.7 per cent were unmarried or their conjugal condition unknown, 
4.1 per cent were married, and 2.7 per cent were widowed. From an unpublished re- 



12 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



were fairly well ventilated. Of the 178 operating rooms for which 
reports were received from the companies, 23 were on the first or ground 
floor of the building occupied, 55 were on the second, 33 on the third, 
20 on the fourth, 11 on the fifth, 14 on the sixth, 9 on the seventh, 
6 on the eighth, and 3 on the ninth, while for 4 no report was made as 
to floor occupied. 

In no case did the air space of operating rooms fall below 247 
cubic feet per person, and in instances it went as high as 3,000 cubic 
feet of air space per person. Cubic feet of air space is recognized 
now as a very inadequate measure of conditions. Quite as important 
a test is the frequency with which the volume of air, be it large or 
small, is changed. The whole subject of ventilation is being recon- 
sidered, former standards abandoned and methods revolutionized. 

Even on the former lines of workshop construction as to ventila- 
tion and air space there was no very satisfactory standard for 

port of the Bureau of the Census on "The telephone" for 1907 the following state- 
ment relative to officers and employees has been prepared. All female employees, 
including supervisors, monitors, ticket clerks, switchboard operators, etc., have been 
classified in the Census bulletin as "operators, female." 

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN INDEPENDENT COMMERCIAL AND MUTUAL TELEPHONE 
SYSTEMS AND IN THE BELL AND AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH 
COMPANIES. 





Number of employees in- 




Occupation. 


Independent com- 
panies. 


Bell and 
American 
telephone 
and tele- 
graph com- 
panies (175 
subsidiary 
companies). 


Total em- 
ployees. 




Commer- 
cial (4,726 
systems). 


Mutual 
(363 sys- 
tems). 


SALARIED EMPLOYEES. 

Officers of corporation 


2,036 
3,578 
2,306 


194 
105 
40 


324 
5,003 
11,712 


2,554 


Superintendents, general managers, etc. (a) .. 


8,686 


Clerks and bookkeepers 


14,058 






Total salaried employees 


7,920 


339 


17,039 


25,298 






WAGE-EARNERS. 

Operators: 

Male 


2,032 
26,522 


144 
985 


1,400 
49,131 


3,576 
76,638 


Female 




Total operators 


28,554 
10,151 


1,129 
265 


50,531 
28,241 


80,214 


All other wage-earners (&) 


38, 657 






Total wage-earners 


38,705 


1,394 


78,772 


118,871 






Grand total (all occupations) 


46,625 


1,733 


95,811 


144, 169 







a Including exchange managers, electricians, draftsmen, and experts. 

i> Comprising foremen, inspectors, solicitors, collectors, linemen, wiremen, battery men, messengers, 
trouble men, and laborers. 

The average annual wages of the 76,638 female operators shown in the table amounted 
to $301.31. No data in regard to employees were obtained from the 17,702 rural or 
farmers' telephone systems reporting. 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION 



13 



sufficiency of air space, since city ordinances and state laws ranged 
in their requirements from 225 to 500 cubic feet per person. ( a ) 

No operating room was found which fell below the minimum; 16 
exchanges were found housed in rooms containing less than the usual 
maximum of legal requirements as shown in the following table. ( 6 ) 

EXCHANGES IN WHICH AVER A.GE AIR SPACE PER PERSON IS LESS THAN 500 CUBIC 

FEET. 



City. 



Exchange. 



Average cubic 

feet of air space 

per person. 



BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



Anoka, Minn 

Atlanta, Ga 

Chicago, 111 

Chicago, 111 

Chicago, 111 

Chicago, 111 

Cleveland, Ohio . . 

Denver, Colo 

Kansas City, Mo. 
Los Angeles, Cal.. 
New Orleans, La. 
Pittsburg, Pa.... 



INDEPENDENT COMPANIES. 



Kansas City, Mo. 



Main— Long distance. 

Central 

Harrison 

Humboldt 

Oakland 

Main— Suburban 

Main 

Fairmount 

Main 

Main 

Toll office 



Baltimore avenue. 



AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO. 



Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati, Ohio. 
New York, N. Y. 



Long distance. 
Long distance. 
Long distance. 



480.0 
476.1 
247.2 
402.8 
354.0 
445.2 
416.6 
405.3 
320.8 
354.7 
490.7 
481.9 



364.3 



249.0 
397.0 
470.5 



In practically all operating rooms no means of ventilation is pro- 
vided save windows and doors. The most striking exceptions to 
this will be taken up under another head.( c ) The operating rooms 
personally inspected by agents of the Bureau during the investigation 
showed sufficient ventilation in all but 5 cases, and in the U B" room 
of one of these it was good. 

There was sufficient natural light by day in all but 4 cases. There 
were but 2 cases reported of insufficient light at night. 

Of the exchanges personally examined by agents, 9 were on the 
first or ground floor, 18 on the second floor, 14 on the third, 7 on 
the fourth, 1 on the fifth, 2 on the sixth, 7 on the seventh, 4 on the 
eighth, 3 on the ninth, 1 on the second and third, 2 on the second and 

a An Illinois statute approved June 4, 1909, provides that factories, mercantile 
establishments, mills, and workshops shall have at least 2,000 cubic feet of air space 
per employee, with outside windows and doors the area of which is at least one-eighth 
of the area of the floor; otherwise artificial ventilation shall be provided. 

b Recent legislation in New York (1907) requires 250 cubic feet of air space per 
employee in factories, and in addition that the owner shall provide and maintain 
proper means of ventilation, and in case of his failure to do so the commissioner of 
labor shall order such ventilation to be provided. For fuller discussion of ventilation 
of telephone operating rooms, see pages 79 to 81 of this report. 

c See page 79. 



14 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



fourth, 1 on the third and fourth, 1 on the third and fifth, 1 on the 
fourth and fifth, and 2 on the sixth, seventh, and eighth. 

Of the 73 exchanges reported upon by agents of the bureau, it was 
found that 33 of those which were located above the first floor were 
not provided with elevators for use of employees. Of these exchanges 
15 were located on the second floor, 10 on the third floor, and 6 on 
the fourth floor; 1 was located partly on the second and partly on 
the fourth floor, and 1 partly on the third and partly on the fourth 
floor. The maximum number of operators required, through lack of 
elevators, to climb one flight of stairs was 60; those required to climb 
two flights of stairs numbered 108; while 75 found it necessary to 
climb three flights of stairs. 

In connection with the above analysis of the data from agents' 
personal observations as to the use of elevators by employees, it may 
be well to consider the schedules obtained from individual operators. 
Of the 427 individual employees interviewed, 333 worked in exchanges 
located above the first floor. The following table shows the floor 
upon which the exchanges in which they worked were located, and the 
number who did not use the elevators going to and from their work. 
That is to say, while 83 of those interviewed worked on the second 
floor, 70 did not use the elevators ; of 47 working on the fourth floor, 
44 did not use the elevators; there were 17 who worked above the first 
floor but did not report the specific floor upon which they worked, 
and of these 12 did not use the elevators. 



ELEVATOR SERVICE FOR INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYEES. 



Floor on which located. 


Total em- 
ployees. 


Employ- 
ees not 
using 
elevator. 


Floor on which located. 


Total em- 
ployees. 


Employ- 
ees not 
using 

elevator. 




83 
56 
47 

8 
19 
19 

1 
40 

8 


70 
15 
44 




11 
6 
3 
6 
2 
7 

17 




Third 


Third and fourth 


6 


Fourth 


Third and fifth 




Fifth 


Fourth and fifth 




Sixth 




Fifth and sixth 








Seventh and eighth 




Eighth 




Not reported 


12 


Ninth 




Total 




Second and third 


8 


333 


155 









Of the 76 specific complaints made by the operatives interviewed, 
51, or more than two-thirds, related to the matter of the use of ele- 
vators; sixteen of these individual complaints were to the effect that 
there were no elevators in the buildings, and twenty-five were that 
the elevators did not run daily at the hours when the employees must 
go to or return from their work or on Sundays. 

Toilet facilities were reported ample, with due regard to privacy of 
approach in all cases. 



CHAPTER 1.— GENERAL DISCUSSION. 15 

The entrance to buildings in which operating rooms were located 
was from public streets sufficiently lighted, except in the case of three 
exchanges, two of winch were in a Pennsylvania city and one in an 
Illinois city. 

In 23 of the 64 exchanges inspected by agents of the bureau, and 
located above the first floor of the buildings in which they were housed, 
there were no fire escapes provided. Of these 23 cases the operating 
room was on the second floor in 12 instances, in 4 on the third floor, 
in 3 on the fourth floor, and in 1 each on the sixth, seventh, eighth, 
and ninth floors. 

In a few cases these exchanges were housed in buildings believed 
to be fireproof and in which the city building regulations did not 
require fire escapes. 

Wash rooms were provided in all operating rooms except one, 
while rest rooms for female employees were found in all cases. 

EQUIPMENT. 

Telephone equipment consists, first, of the switchboard and those 
parts of the complicated apparatus which are housed in the operating 
room, collectively known as the exchange. Since 10,000 lines con- 
stitute the practical limit of convenient operation of a "central" 
or exchange, the larger cities have more than one exchange. The 
second division of equipment comprises the wires connecting the 
subscribers' telephones with the central exchange. The third divi- 
sion consists of the individual telephones inside the homes or offices 
of the subscribers. Practically no data relating to the second and 
third divisions of equipment were secured for this report. 

Switchboards are of two types, the magneto and the common bat- 
tery. The magneto board, which was in common use up to ten or 
twelve years ago, has of late years been generally superseded by the 
common battery board. With the magneto type of switchboard 
it was necessary to place a dry battery with each subscriber's tele- 
phone. The subscriber generated the current necessary to call the 
central by turning a little crank attached to his telephone each time 
he wished to call. This operated a drop, a small metallic shutter, on 
the central switchboard which attracted the attention of the operator. 
These dry batteries were constantly giving out, especially if at any 
one time they were subjected to a heavy demand, such as having a 
large list of numbers to call in rapid succession; and they had other 
drawbacks that were objectionable where extensive use of the 
telephone was desired. 

For the common battery switchboard system all the current 
necessary is generated at the central exchange. No crank has to be 



16 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

turned in making calls. When the receiver is lifted from the hook, 
the upward spring of the hook starts a current which flashes a light 
on the central switchboard corresponding to the number of the tele- 
phone, and is a notification to the operator that the user of that 
number wishes to make a call. This light is automatically ex- 
tinguished when the desired connection is made, and reappears 
when the conversation is ended as a notice to the operator to discon- 
nect the telephones of the conversing parties. 

With the magneto type of board the operator replaces the metallic 
drop with her hand, often having to make several efforts to do so. 
The time saved by the common battery switchboard is considerable 
when a large number of calls has to be registered, as the time for a 
call on the magneto board required 10 seconds for a first or single 
call, while from 15 to 20 seconds were necessary for a recall or the 
securing of a second number immediately upon the close of con- 
versation with a former one. With the common battery system 
both call and recall can be made on an average of five seconds. 

The life of the magneto board was about 10 years; that of the com- 
mon battery is from 12 to 15 years. 

Of the 458 exchanges covered by this report, 105 had magneto and 
353 common battery switchboards. Since it will be necessary to go 
into more detail on the subject of switchboard construction and 
manipulation in considering the working speed rate of operatives, it is 
deemed unnecessary to say more here. 

Outside equipment, so far as it affects immediately the subject of 
efficiency of service, relates primarily to the aerial and underground 
cables, i. e., to the matter of wires. 

Originally single wires were strung, and these were added to up to 
the capacity of the poles to carry the wires, sleets and snowstorms 
occasionally causing such wreckage as to put the entire system out of 
commission for days at a time. Outside, or wire, conditions, especially 
after the introduction of electric lighting and trolley-car service, be- 
came a source of incessant annoyance. The first attempt to solve the 
problem of " cross talk" over the telephones was to string two twisted 
wires instead of a single wire. Next, these pairs of twisted wires 
were put in bundles or sheaths called cables, and strung at first over- 
head, afterwards largely underground. In 1896 a 50-pair cable was 
manufactured, i. e., one containing 100 single wires, and was hailed as 
the final achievement along that line. The size of cables, however, 
grew to 200, 400, and 600 pairs, until in Chicago cables carrying 900 
pairs or 1,800 single wires have been laid. 

Corresponding improvements in the transmitting instruments have 
been made. 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 17 

ORGANIZATION OF THE LABOR FORCE. 

While industrial as well as sociological interest in the telephone 
business centers in the work of the women it employs, and while the 
quality of the service the companies are able to furnish the public 
depends largely upon them, some knowledge of the industrial organi- 
zation as a whole is important. 

Although the telephone business is one of the newest of our large 
commercial industries, dating from 1876, it has developed a scheme 
of administrative organization the perfection of which is to be found 
in few of the older industries. Similar in general plan, the various 
companies or cities have somewhat varied schemes of organization. 
The same central idea pervades them all — that is, every man in the 
organization shall have one definite person and source from which 
alone he receives his instructions. Each company has an organiza- 
tion chart which is conspicuous in the exchanges of the company. 
Each group of occupations is classified and placed under a foreman or 
supervisor who is responsible to one designated as chief supervisor, 
who in turn is responsible to the manager, and so on up to the presi- 
dent of the company. These organization charts are in the possession 
of or are accessible to each employee, so that he may know exactly 
from whom his orders must come and to whom he must report. This 
system of organization is clearly shown in the chart furnished by the 
Missouri and Kansas Telephone Company, Kansas City, Mo., which 
is printed on the next page. 

By this chart it is shown that all of the employees of the company 
are under the general supervision of the manager. The manager of 
operating, city foremen, chief clerk, building-repair men, order clerks, 
chief canvasser, stenographer, directory clerk, inside wire man, engi- 
neer, and head janitor are responsible directly to the manager. Each 
of these has direct supervision over such employees as are necessary 
to conduct the various branches of the business. Many of these de- 
partments are again subdivided into divisions, each of which is in 
charge of an official of the organization. As stated above, each em- 
ployee has but one direct boss ; thus it will be seen that a collector, 
for instance, shown at the lowest point of the central portion of the 
chart, is responsible to the head collector, he in turn to the assistant 
cashier, and so on through the positions of cashier, chief clerk, and 
manager, each employee being responsible to the one immediately 
above him. 

While in the discussion of wages and hours of labor all the em- 
ployees and occupations in the industry will be duly considered, it 
has been thought advisable to deal in this report especially with the 
work of women, particularly of switchboard operators. With this 
29480— S. Doc. 380, Gl-2 2 



18 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 





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CHAPTER T. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 19 

purpose in view a somewhat comprehensive study of women's work 
in the telephone exchange was made, beginning with the application 
and entrance examination. 

APPLICATION AND ENTRANCE EXAMINATION. 

The applicant for a position as a telephone operator generally fills 
out the usual application blanks, in which she states her age, school 
grade last attended, condition of health, whether or not she lives at 
home with her parents, place of last employment, reasons for leaving 
the same, etc. She must also file at least two letters of recommen- 
dation from business men not her relatives. 

Generally speaking, applicants must submit to a physical exami- 
nation before being admitted to the training school. In some places 
this examination is very rigid. In Chicago, for instance, when an 
applicant for a position as operator has satisfactorily passed the 
general test she is sent to the medical matron, who is a graduate 
trained nurse with special training in making physical examinations. 
This matron has a special room where examinations are made. Ap- 
plicants remove all clothing and a test is made to ascertain whether 
there is any trouble with the heart, lungs, nervous system, straight- 
ness of the spine, etc., the most approved medical instruments being 
used for this purpose. Eyes are examined not only for sight, but 
for infectious diseases. Hearing is tested and the throat is carefully 
examined, adenoids or aggravated catarrhal conditions being bars to 
admission. Skin diseases and any infectious trouble likewise bar 
the applicant. Girls under five feet in height are not accepted 
because of their inability to reach to the top of the switchboard or 
a sufficient distance sideways from their position, as will be discussed 
later on. 

Even in cities where the physical examinations are not popular, 
an examination is made sometimes without the applicant's knowl- 
edge. For instance, in one city where the girls interviewed stated 
that no physical examination or test had been made in their cases, 
it was ascertained that the applicants are interviewed by a young 
woman whose exact height is known and who, in talking with the 
applicant, can, by comparing the level of the eyes with her own, tell 
within a fraction of an inch the height of the girl with whom she is 
talking. Experts in other lines interviewed the applicants and 
ascertained their physical condition. In most places, however, a set 
physical examination is required. It ma} r be interesting to note 
the relation between the total number of applications received and 
the number not accepted, together with the various reasons for 
rejection, as shown in the following statement from one of the largest 
cities. The total number of applicants was 6,152. Of this num- 



20 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

ber, 2,229 were not accepted, for reasons as shown in the following 
statement : 

Too small - 544 

Too old 53 

Too young 436 

Physical defects 43 

Jewish — refused to work holidays „ 11 

Colored 7 

Accent 90 

Refused vaccination 6 

Education 519 

Hearing 1 

Sight 151 

Voice 82 

Appearance 169 

Refused night work 7 

Not willing to wait 36 

Miscellaneous 74 

Total 2, 229 

Out of 2,557 examinations by the medical matron 232 were rejected 
for the following reasons: 

Weak heart 41 

Tuberculosis 18 

Pediculosis 6 

Untidiness 8 

Goiter 12 

Miscellaneous 147 

Total 232 

The educational requirements for the above city are usually that 
the applicant shall have passed through the seventh grade of the city 
grammar school, but to this rule exceptions are sometimes made. 

As will be seen from the foregoing, for the protection of the appli- 
cant, as well as for the efficiency of its own service, it is the policy of 
the company to exclude all women suffering from any form of eye, 
ear, throat, or heart trouble. Inasmuch as they habitually do the 
largest part of their reaching and hard work with the right arm and 
hand, the woman with spinal curvature (be it ever so slight) should 
be kept out of telephone work. Constant reaching to one side seems 
to increase spinal curvature. For the nervous woman, too, the work 
is unsuitable, since the very nature of the work demands self-control 
and the ability to respond to sudden periods of rush work. 

The employment of a woman in any stage of tuberculosis endan- 
ger the health of the entire office force. When asked about accepting 
women in this condition, one manager said: "We never take them if 
we know it, and seldom have any cases, so far as I know. But you 
can not always tell. Of course, when they begin to cough, we can't 
keep them here." In another city one of the night chief operators 



CIIAPTER I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 21 

complained that she had had a consumptive on the night force and 
had called the manager's attention to the fact several times. He at 
last changed the operator to the evening force, thus making it easier 
for the girl, but leaving the possibilities of contagion quite as great. 
This operator had coughing spells at times and gradually grew too ill 
to work. She did not resign until shortly before her death. The 
telephone company had permitted her to remain until she chose to 
leave. ( a ) 

The following table shows for the various cities the age require- 
ments on entering service, and also the educational requirements. It 
must be noted, however, that except where the law of the State inter- 
feres, the lowest age which the company reports is the minimum age 
really desired, not always the minimum age which it will some- 
times accept. In other words, a company might prefer a 17-year- 
old girl, and in advertising for help will so state, but that does not 
mean that an applicant, who from her appearance promised to de- 
velop into a good operator, would not be accepted though she was 

a As bearing significantly upon the type of girls and women desired as telephone 
operators, and indicative of the care taken in selecting them, and incidentally of the 
appreciation of managers of the trying nature of the work, the following " suggestions 
as to the selection of telephone operators " furnished by one company to its employ- 
ing superintendent are of interest : 

I. Inquiries into family history: 

1. Tuberculosis in parents. 

2. Insanity or nervous diseases in parents, hysteria, etc. 

3. Children of parents dying young from chronic disease of any nature are usually 
debilitated and are unable to withstand the strain of an exhausting occupation. 

II. Inquiry into personal history: 

1. History of chorea or St. Vitus's dance. 

2. History of hysteria. 

3. History of any nervous disease. 

4. History of epilepsy (fits). 

III. Objective signs of tuberculosis: 

1. Extreme brilliancy of eye. 

2. Hectic flush in cheeks during afternoon and evenings. 

3. Poor development of chest and round shoulders. 

4. Nervous temperament. 

5. Short hacking cough. 

6. Those predisposed to tuberculosis usually have a heavy growth of hair on head. 

IV. Objective signs of chorea or St. Vitus's dance: 

1. Twitching of eyelids, fingers, and muscles. 

2. Inability to sit still. 

3. Disordered motion of different parts of body. 

4. Restlessness and awkwardness of movements. 

5. Deficient mental power. 

V. Objective signs of hysteria: 

1. Manifestations usually develop abruptly; are generally paroxysmal; appear 
without obvious cause; and often subside spontaneously under some emotional 
excitement. 

2. Easily moved to laughter and tears. 

An individual who possesses none of the above signs and symptoms, who is perfect 
physically, that is, not crippled, and who has (1) a calm, clear eye and steady gaze, 
(2) steady hand and firm set jaws, (3) weight proportional to height, (4) good appetite, 
(5) healthy, rosy complexion, and (6) not easily excited, can usually withstand the 
wear and tear of an exhausting work, such as telephone or telegraph operating, suc- 
cessfully. 



22 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



one or, in some cases, even two years below the preferred or regula- 
tion age. The same may be said of educational requirements. 
Some companies require simply ability to read and write, some have 
no set requirements at all, while others require graduation from the 
elementary or grammer schools of the city. In Boston, for instance, 
high-school graduates, or girls who have had at least two years of high- 
school work, are much preferred, but this does not mean that a girl 
who otherwise is capable would be rejected because she had not 
attended high school. These regulations reflect the companies' 
preferences rather than rigid determinations. The table follows: 

AGE AND EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ON ENTERING THE SERVICE OF VARIOUS 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AND RATES OF WAGES PAID OPERATORS WHILE IN 
TRAINING. 



Company. 



Age re- 
quirements 
on enter- 
ing serv- 
ice 
(years). 



Educational re- 
quirements on en- 
tering service. 



Are opera- 
tors paid 
wages 
while in 
training? 



Rate of 

wages paid 

while in 

training. 



Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo. . 

Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania, Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 

Central District and Printing Telegraph Co., 
Pittsburg, Pa. 

Central Union Telephone Co., Indianapolis, Ind. 

Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., Balti- 
more, Md. 

Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

Chicago Telephone Co., Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co., 
Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Citizens Telephone Co., Covington, Ky 

Cleveland Telephone Co., Cleveland, Ohio 

Colorado Telephone Co., Denver, Colo 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., 
Louisville, Ky. 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., 
Nashville, Tenn. 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., 
New Orleans, La. 

Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co 

Nebraska Telephone Co., Omaha, Nebr 

New England Telephone and Telegraph Co., 
Boston, Mass. 

New York Telephone Co., New York, N. Y 

Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co 

Ozark Bell Telephone Co 

Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co 

Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Co., Salt Lake 
City, Utah. 

Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co 

Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co., 
Dallas, Tex. 



Grammar school 
Grammar school 

Common school . 

Eighth grade 

Seventh grade... 

Grammar school . 

Seventh grade. . . 
Common school . 

Common school . 

Sixth grade 

Eighth grade 

(c) 

(c) 

«0 

(«) 

Common school . 
Grammar school . 

Common school . 
Common school. 

00 

Common school . 
Grade school (g). 

Grammar school . 
Common school . 



Yes 

Yes 


$20.00 mo. 
.81 da. 


Yes (a).... 


. 50 da. 


Yes": 

Yes 


17. 00 mo. 
3. 00 wk. 


Yes 


3.00 wk. 


Yes 

Yes 


4.50 wk. 
2.00 wk. 


Yes 

Yes 

Yes (6).... 
Yes 


2.00 wk. 

15.00 mo. 

20.00 mo. 

.25 da. 


Yes(d).... 


.25 da. 


Yes 


.25 da. 


Yes 

Yes 

Yes 


15.00 mo. 

(/) 
4.00 wk. 


Yes 

Yes 

No .. 


5.00 wk. 
.40 da. 


Yes 

Yes 


20.00 mo. 
.11 hr. 


Yes 

Yes 


(7915.00 mo. 
10.00 mo. 



a If they qualify. 

e Ability to read and write. 



b After the first week. c No requirement. d For two weeks. 

/ $15 to $18 per month. g Graduation required. 

h In one exchange, $17.50 per month. 



TRAINING SCHOOLS. 

Having passed successfully the preliminary examinations and 
physical tests, the successful applicants are usually placed in training 
schools where they are given from three to four weeks intensive 
training in the work upon which they are about to begin. Telephone 
companies fully realize that this special equipment (almost, if not 
quite, equivalent to that of apprenticeship in other trades) is neces- 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 23 

sary to make good switchboard operators. As the ordinary apprentice- 
ship conditions are impracticable in the industry, most companies have 
established training schools for operators in which applicants without 
experience are instructed in the general mechanism of switchboards 
and trained in the specific work of the ordinary operator. 

These schools have, in addition to the lecture room used for general 
instruction, rooms equipped both with ordinary operating boards and 
with multiple practice boards. 

The lessons, from ten to twenty in number, require usually a three- 
weeks' school course. In Appendix B, pp. 333 to 340, will be found 
the lessons as given in the school of one of the large companies, which 
indicate that the requirements of the business are very considerable. 
A girl must learn the meaning of a large number of color-light signals, 
and what to do in each case. In addition, she must learn numerous 
phrases to be used in answering user's calls or in conversation with 
them, as stereotyped phrases only can be used. In the larger cities 
she must know all of the divisions of the city system, the exchanges 
and the grouping of exchanges into divisions, the numerous "neigh- 
borhood" or suburban exchanges, and the " routing" of calls for 
these through the appropriate city exchange. Even where routing 
charts are posted in front of each " position," competent operators 
are expected to know how to route most of these calls without special 
reference to her chart. 

She must recognize instantly and know how to handle a great 
variety of different kinds of calls distinguishable to her by the differ- 
ent colored lights which they flash on the board in front of her, as 
measured-meter rate calls, toll calls, nickel-machine calls, etc. All 
this she learns in the training school, theoretically from the lectures 
in the lecture room, and practically from its application in the school 
practice rooms. 

The accompanying photographic reproductions, if taken in connec- 
tion with the text of the lessons reproduced in Appendix B, give a 
very adequate conception of these schools and the necessity for them 
in the training of telephone operators. 

Special vocal training is also given to the end that pupils who suc- 
cessfully pass through the schools shall have as perfect, plain, and 
distinct enunciation of words as possible. Pronunciation and vocal 
inflection is taught with a view to best results over a telephone. 

Companies not having training schools give girls such training on 
the general switchboards as is necessary, under the tutelage of a 
supervisor or experienced operator. As indicated above, the school 
course usually requires three weeks. Most companies pay for the 
time thus occupied; in fact, only one company reporting does not 
pay applicants while in training. One company pays only such 
applicants as qualify for operators, one pays after the first week, and 
one pays for two weeks of training. All others pay for the entire 



24 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

training period at rates ranging from 25 cents per day, paid by one 
company, up to the full entrance rate of pay. 

The educational requirements differ somewhat with various com- 
panies and in various parts of the country, as shown by the foregoing 
table, page 22. No company requires more than that the applicant 
shall be graduated from the common school of grammar or elemen- 
tary grades, while a few require only an ability to read and write. 
No company reporting has an age limit lower than 16 years for 
applicants for positions. Nevertheless, a number of operators were 
found younger than this, and it was generally found, as stated 
above, that while the companies had a standard or rule, these were 
expressions of a preference rather than an absolute requirement. 
That is to say, a company preferring girls above 16 would not, in 
case of shortage of help, ignore the application of a younger girl 
when the state law was not thereby violated. 

After completing the school course the applicants are subjected 
to a somewhat severe examination in the subject-matter covered 
during the school period, and if this is passed successfully they are 
assigned to work at an exchange. The percentage failing to pass on 
examination has in many localities been quite large. The first few 
months' actual experience at the switchboard is generally in a " posi- 
tion" between two more experienced operators, and close supervision 
of beginners is the rule everywhere until the supervisor and monitor 
are willing to certify that the student operator is thoroughly compe- 
tent. Each operator has a book of operating rules and regulations 
with which she must be minutely familiar. In a city like Chicago these 
regulations fill a book of 85 pages, while in Washington or Baltimore 
a book of half the size and having 46 pages contains the " Rules for the 
government and regulation of central office employees." 

Improvements in the schools and school methods have reduced 
somewhat the percentage of failures to pass on final examinations, 
which is still as high as 40 per cent in some localities, rarely falling 
below 25 per cent. This thorough weeding out of applicants, first by 
the application bureau, secondly by the physical and medical tests, 
and thirdly by the final examinations upon the close of the school 
training, insures that a very excellent class of young women are 
finally accepted for the companies, and would, if the tenure of service 
could by any method be increased, give the public a splendid guaran- 
tee of efficient service. 

WORKING SHIFTS OR TRICKS AND HOURS OF LABOR 

FOR OPERATORS. , 

In nearly all telephone offices the operating force is divided into 
four general shifts or " tricks," viz, day, evening, night, and split- 
trick shifts. It is the universal policy to have employees on any 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



25 



shift (except perhaps the all-night operators) come in a few at a time, 
so that the change of force at the switchboard will be made gradually 
and without interruption to service. In Dallas, Tex., for instance, 
on a schedule covering the five city exchanges, there are 22 different 
arrangements of day hours for a force of 104 operators; 19 arrange- 
ments for 31 evening operators; 82 arrangements for 70 split-trick 
operators, and two arrangements for 17 night operators. 

Although no definite hours can be scheduled as typical of any shift, 
the following definitions have been assumed for purposes of this 
investigation : 

Day operator. — An operator whose working hours are between 6 
a. m. and 7.30 p. m., and who has no interval of more than two hours' 
duration between periods of work. 

Evening operator. — An operator whose work begins no earlier than 
11a. m.( a ) and ends no earlier than 8 p. m., having no single interval 
of more than two hours' duration between periods of work. 

Split-trick operator. — An operator whose work is divided into two 
or more distinct periods by an interval of more than two hours' 
duration between two of these periods. 

Night operator. — An operator whose period of work extends beyond 
midnight. 

New operators, fresh from the training school, are usually put on 
the split-trick, which for this reason has a large proportion of younger 
girls. The age distribution of operators by tricks is illustrated by the 
following tables showing this distribution for Kansas City, Mo. (Bell 
and independent companies) ; New York City (metropolitan district) ; 
New York City (outside districts); Dallas, Tex.; Atlanta, Ga., and 
New Orleans, La. : 

AGE DISTRIBUTION OF OPERATORS IN SPECIFIED CITIES, BY SHIFTS. 
KANSAS CITY, MO.: BELL COMPANY. 





Operators of each specified age. 




Shift. 


15 
years. 


16 
years. 


17 
years. 


18 
years. 


19 
years. 


20 
years. 


21 
years 
and 
over. 


Total. 


Day 




4 

18 
23 

2 


4 

13 
15 

3 


19 

20 

12 

3 


14 
6 

10 
5 


11 

4 
4 
3 


93 
32 
22 
25 


145 




1 


94 


Split-trick 


86 


Night 


2 


43 






Total 


3 


47 


35 


54 


35 


22 


172 


368 







a With only one exception, operators do not go home after 11 p. m., usually not 
after 10 p. m., their hours being so arranged so as to allow them to remain in the 
exchange during the night. 



26 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



AGE DISTRIBUTION OF OPERATORS IN SPECIFIED CITIES, BY SHIFTS-Continued. 
KANSAS CITY, MO.: HOME COMPANY. 





Operators of each specified age. 




Shift. 


15 

years. 


16 
years. 


17 
years. 


18 
years. 


19 

years. 


20 
years. 


21 
years 
and 
over. 


Total. 


Day 


2 


8 

4 

27 

3 


25 
10 
15 
5 


44 
12 
32 

8 


44 
6 

18 
4 


30 
5 
5 
3 


96 
21 
31 
5 


249 




58 




1 


129 


Night . . 


28 








Total 


3 


42 


55 


96 


72 


43 


153 


464 







NEW YORK CITY: NEW YORK TELEPHONE CO. (metropolitan district). 



Day 

Evening. . 
Split-trick 
Night 



Total. 



245 
136 
53 

48 



482 



395 
140 
115 
113 



763 



304 


243 


634 


93 


57 


57 


79 


39 


31 


116 


74 


105 


592 


413 


827 



1,840 
503 
319 



3,122 



NEW YORK CITY: NEW YORK TELEPHONE CO. (20 exchanges outside the metropolitan 

district).(a) 



Day 




2 
1 
4 
5 


13 

7 

10 
10 


18 
9 
11 
13 


20 
4 

12 
8 


11 

8 
10 
8 


71 
7 
14 
12 


135 






6 36 




1 


c62 


Night 


56 








Total 


1 


12 


40 


51 


44 


37 


104 


<*289 







NEW YORK CITY: AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO. (long distance). 



Day 






1 


6 
2 


16 
8 
8 
1 


20 

4 
2 
5 


107 

23 

20 

4 


150 








37 


Split-trick 








30 


Night 








1 


11 












Total 






1 


9 


33 


31 


154 


228 











DALLAS, TEX.: SOUTHWESTERN TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CO. (4 exchanges, 

including toll office). 



Day 

Evening. . 
Split-trick 
Night (ft).. 
Extra (f).. 



Total. 



12 



28 



30 



23 



85 



104 
31 
70 

17 

1 



223 



a Figures relate to 292 operators reporting as to shifts out of a total of 303 operators, distributed by exchanges 
as follows: In New York— Briarcliff, 4; Dobbs Ferry, 8; Irvington, 5; Larchmont, 9; Mamaroneck, 8; 
Mount Vernon, 38; New Rochelle, 36; Nyack, 13; Ossining, 15; Port Chester, 16; Piedmont, 16; Pleasant- 
ville, 7; Rye, 9; Spring Valley, 4; Suffern, 6; Tarrytown, 12; Tuckahoe, 8; White Plains, 30; Yonkers, 
41; and in Connecticut, Greenwich, 18. 

b Not including 1 male operator. 

cNot including 2 male operators. 

d Not including 3 male operators. 

c Including 1 toll messenger 13 years of age, who works from 1 to 10 p. m. 

/ Including 1 who works until 11 p. m. 

9 Including 1 operator 14 years of age. 

h Night hours 6 p. m. to 7 a. m. at main and toll with three hours' sleep, and 9 p. m. to 7 a. m. at Cliff 
and Haskell with no sleep. 

i No special hours; works when needed 

./ Including 1 toll messenger 13 years of age and 1 operator 14 years of age. 



CHAPTER T. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



27 



AGE DISTRIBUTION OF OPERATORS IN SPECIFIED CITIES, BY SHIFTS-Concluded. 

ATLANTA, GA.: SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO. (3 metropoli- 
tan and 2 suburban districts). 





Shift. 


Operators of each specified age. 






15 

years. 


10 

years. 


17 
years. 


18 
years. 


19 

years. 


20 

years. 


21 
years 
'and 
over. 


Total. 


Day 

Evening 

Split-trick . . . 




1 
1 

2 

1 


13 

2 
4 
4 


5 
2 
4 

1 


12 
3 
3 
5 


9 
3 
3 


8 
1 

1 
1 


45 

4 
8 
7 


93 
16 
25 


Night 




19 


Total.. 


5 


23 


12 


23 


15 j 11 


64 


153 



NEW ORLEANS, LA.: CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE CO. 



Day.. 


a 17 


24 


19 


10 
6 
6 
1 


17 
10 
5 
2 


15 
7 
4 
2 


45 
13 
16 

16 


147 
36 


Split-trick 






31 


Night 








21 




a 17 








Total 


24 


19 


23 


34 


28 


90 


235 



a Including 2 (operators 14 years of age. 

That the matter of age is largely influenced by state legislation is 
most strikingly illustrated by the Louisiana companies. Until the 
summer of 1908 there was no special legislation restricting hours of 
labor, but in that year the child-labor law was passed, limiting the 
hours of labor of women under 18 years of age to periods of 10 hours 
per day or 60 hours per week, the hours to be between 6 a. m. and 7 
p. m. At the time of the passage of this law there was a large pro- 
portion of operators under the age of 18, and while these have been 
retained in the service and given hours conforming to the law, the 
company has ceased almost entirely the employment of women 
under 18 years of age, and according to the testimony of the chief 
operator finds that women of 18 and over can be trained to do the 
work most efficiently. In the Cumberland Telephone Company at 
New Orleans 25.5 per cent of all operators are under 18 years of age, 
but these are all on day work. As split-trick work can not be adjusted 
to a day of ten hours, falling between 6 a. m. and 7 p. m., the younger 
girls can not be put upon split-trick work. 

In Atlanta, Ga,, where there is no legislative restriction, 26.1 per 
cent are under 18 years of age, and of these 12.5 percent are doing 
evening work, 25 per cent are on split time, and 15 per cent do night 
work. The apparent exception to the rule that the new and younger 
operators go on the split trick is New Orleans, but here the effect 
of state legislation is clearly shown in the table. 



28 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



PERCENTAGE OF OPERATORS ON THE VARIOUS SHIFTS OR TRICKS, IN SPECIFIED 

CITIES. 



City. 



Per cent of operators on specified 
shift. 



Day. 



Even- 
ing. 



Split- 
trick. 



Night. 



Kansas City (Bell) , 

Kansas City (Independent) 

New Orleans, La 

Atlanta, Ga 

Dallas, Tex 

New York City, American Telephone and Telegraph, long distance. 

New York City, metropolitan district 

New York City, exchanges outside metropolitan district 



39.4 
53.7 
62.6 
60.8 
46.7 
65.8 
58.9 
46.7 



25.5 
12.5 
15.3 
10.5 
13.9 
16.2 
16.1 
12.5 



23.4 
27.8 
13.2 
16.3 
31.4 
13.2 
10.2 
21.4 



11.7 
6.0 
8.9 

12.4 

a 7. 6 

4.8 

14.8 

19.4 



a Not including 0.4 per cent, classified as "extras." 

WORKING HOURS AND HOURS OF LABOR. 

The double caption of this section suggests the complexity of the 
problem of hours in the telephone business. As heretofore intimated, 
the operators composing the different shifts or forces do not come on 
or leave work all at once, but come on in squads or relays as required 
by the exigencies of the business. 

As will be shown in more detail elsewhere, the traffic of the tele- 
phone office — that is, the number of calls received or handled (tech- 
nically called "the load") — increases during the morning hours, 
slowly at first, rapidly from 10 a. m. to 11 or 11.15 a. m. (in business 
districts), at which time it usually reaches its highest point (called 
"the morning peak of the load"). It then falls until 2 p. m., when it 
generally starts upward again, reaching the highest afternoon point 
("peak of the afternoon load") from 4.30 to 5 p.m. usually. This, 
however, is not so high as the highest point in the morning. Those 
switchboard employees who comprise the "day-operating force" do 
not, therefore, all come to their work at one hour, work a given time 
and take their lunch, and then return and work till quitting time, 
as in most other industries; but they come in squads at different 
hours, get their "relief" periods at different times, have different 
times for lunch, and get off at different hours. For this reason, 
while the hours of labor might be the same for all, and probably 
would be for all day operators in a given exchange or in a given city, 
the working hours would be very different for the different employees 
on that shift. The same would be true of all shifts. Thus, while 
all day operators in a given exchange would have a net working time, 
exclusive of lunch and relief periods, of 7£ hours, for instance, and 
this would constitute their hours of labor, yet their working hours 
would not be uniform at all. For local reasons, some cities break up 
the working hours very much more than do others. New York hours, 
for instance, are less complicated than those of Dallas, Tex., or 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



29 



Atlanta, Ga., as is shown in the following table of working hours, 
by shifts, for the cities named: 

WORKING HOURS OF OPERATORS, BY SHIFTS. 
NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY— METROPOLITAN EXCHANGES. 



Day operators. 


Evening operators. 


Terminal working 
hours. 


Lunch period. 


Net 

hours 
worked, 
not ex- 
cluding 

tem- 
porary 

relief. 


Terminal working 
hours. 


Supper period. 


Net 
hours 
worked, 
not ex- 
cluding 
tem- 
porary 
relief. 


7.00 a. m.-4.00 p.m... 
7.00a.m.-5.00p.m... 
7.30 a. m.-5.30 p. m... 
8.00 a. m.-5. 00 p.m... 
8.00a.m.-6.00p. m... 
8.30 a. m.-6.30 p. m... 
9.00 a. m.-6.00 p. m . . . 
9.00 a. m.-7.00 p.m... 
9.30 a. m.-7.00 p.m... 


(a) 
(a) 
(a) 
(a) 

( a ) 
(a) 
(a) 
(a) 
(a) 


(a) 
(a) 
(a) 

( a ) 
(a) 
(a) 
(a) 
(a) 
(a) 


12.00m. - 9.00 p.m. 
1.00p.m.- 9.00p.m. 
1.00 p.m.-lO.OO p.m. 
1.30 p.m.-lO.OO p.m. 
4.00 p.m.-ll.OO p.m. 
5.00p.m.-ll. 00p.m. 


(a) 
(a) 
(a) 
(a) 
(a) 
(a) 


(a) 
(a) 

(a) 
(a) 
(a) 
(a) 







































1 




:::;:::::::::::::::::; 






1 




i 








i 








! 




I i 1 





Split-trick operators. 


Night operators. 


Terminal working hours. 


Intermission. 


Net 
hours 
worked, 
not ex- 
cluding 
tem- 
porary 
relief. 


Terminal working 
hours. 


Hours 

for 
sleep. 


Net 
hours 
worked , 
not ex- 
cluding 
tem- 
porary 
relief. 


7.00 a. m.- 9.00 p.m 

7.30 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

8.00 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

8-00a.m.-10.00p.m 

8.00 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

8.30a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

8.30 a.m.- 8.30 p.m 

8.30 a.m.- 9.30 p.m 

8.30 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

8-30a.m.-10.00p.m 

8.30 a.m.- 9.30 p.m 

8.30a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

8.30a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

8.30 a. rn.-10.00 p.m 

9.00 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

9.00a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

9.00a.m.-10.00p.m 

9.00 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

9.00a.m.- 9.00p.m 

9.00 a. m.-lO.OO p.m 

9.30a.m.- 9.00 p.m 


12.00 m. -6.00 p.m 

12.30p.m.-6.00p.m 

ll.00a.rn.-5.00p.rn 

12.00 m. -6.00 p.m 

1.00p.m.-6.00p.m 

11.30 a.m.-5.00p.m 

12.00 m. -5.00 p.m 

12.00 m. -5.00 p.m 

12.00 m. -5.30 p.m 

12.00 m. -5.30 p.m 

12.00 m. -6.00 p.m 

12.30p.m.-5.00p.m 

12.30p.m.-6.00p.m 

12.30p.m.-6.00p.m 

12.00 m. -5.00 p.m 

12.00 m. -5.30 p.m 

12.00 m. -6.00 p.m 

1.00p.m.-5.00p.m 

1.00p.m.-6.00p.m 

1.00p.m.-7.00p.m 

12.30p.m.-5.00p.m 


8 

8 


9.00p.m.-7.00 a.m 


(a) 


(°) 








8 
8 














7 
7 
8 

8 

8 
7 
8 
7 
64 
7" 
8 
7 
7 




































































i 













a Not reported , 



30 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



WORKING HOURS OF OPERATORS, BY SHIFTS— Continued. 
DALLAS, TEX.: SOUTHWESTERN TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY. 



Day operators. 


Evening operators. 


Terminal working 
hours. 


Lunch period. 


Net 
hours 
worked, 
not ex- 
cluding 
tempo- 
rary 
relief. 


Terminal working 
hours. 


Supper period. 


Net 
hours 
worked, 
not ex- 
cluding 
tempo- 
rary 
relief. 


6.00 a.m.-4.00 p.m. . . 
6.30 a.m.-5.00 p.m... 
6.30 a.m.-4.30 p.m... 
7.00 a.m.-5.00 p.m... 
7.00 a.m.-5.30 p.m... 
7.00 a.m.-5.30 p.m... 
7.00 a.m.-5.30 p.m... 
7.00 a.m.-6.00 p.m... 
7.00 a.m.-5.30 p.m... 
7.00 a.m.-5.00 p.m... 
7.30 a.m.-6.00 p.m... 
7.30 a.m.-5.30 p.m... 
7.30 a.m.-6.00 p.m... 
7.30 a.m.-5.30 p.m... 
7.30 a.m.-6.00 p.m... 
7.30 a.m.-5.30 p.m... 
8.00 a.m.-5.30 p.m... 
8.00 a.m.-6.00 p.m... 
8.00 a.m.-6.30 p.m... 
8.00 a.m.-6.00 p.m. . . 
9.00 a.m.-7.00 p.m... 
10.00 a.m.-7.00 p.m. . . 


11.00 a.m.-12.00m... 
11.00 a.m.-12.30 p.m. 
11.30 a.m.-12.30 p.m. 
11.00 a.m.-12.00m... 
11.00 a.m.-12.30 p.m. 
11.30 a.m.- 1.00 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 1.00 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 2.00 p.m. 
12.30p.m.- 2.00p.m. 

1.00 p.m.- 2.00 p.m. 
11.00 a.m.-12.30 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 1.00 p.m. 
12.00 m. -2.00 p.m. 
12.30 p.m.- 2.00 p.m. 
12.30p.m.- 2.00p.m. 

1.00 p.m.- 2.00 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 1.00 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 1.00 p.m. 
12.30p.m.- 2.00 p.m. 

1.00 p.m.- 2.00 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 1.00 p.m. 

1.00 p.m.- 2.00 p.m. 


9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 

8| 

8i 

9 

9 

8i 

9 

9 

9 

9 

8 


5.00 p.m.-lO.OO p.m. 

5.00 p.m.-ll.OO p.m. 

5.00 p.m -12.00 p.m. 
11.00 a.m.- 8.00 p.m. 
11.00 a.m.- 8.30 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 9.00 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 9.00 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 9.00 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 9.00 p.m. 

l.OOp.m.-lO.OOp.m. 

1.00 p.m.-lO.OO p.m. 

l.OOp.m.-lO.OOp.m. 

2.00 p.m.-ll.OO p.m. 

2.30p.m.- 9.30 p.m. 


Tod p.m.-5.00 p.m! '. 
4.00p.m.-5.00p.m.. 
4.30 p.m.-5.00 p.m.. 
4.30p.m.-5.30p.m.. 
5.00p.m.-5.30p.m.. 
5.30 p.m.-6.00 p.m.. 
5.00 p.m.-5.30 p.m.. 
5.00 p.m.-6.00 p.m.. 
5.30 p.m.-6.00 p.m.. 
5.00 p.m.-6.00 p.m.. 
6.00 p.m.-6.30 p.m.. 


5 
6 

7 

8 

8| 

8* 

8" 

84 

1 

8" 

84 

8 
64 
































































1 






1 






1 





Split-trick operators. 




Night operators. 




Terminal working 
hours. 


Intermission. 


Net 
hours 
worked, 
not ex- 
cluding 
tempo- 
rary 
relief. 


Terminal working 
hours. 


Hours 

for 
sleep. 


Net hours 
worked, 
not ex- 
cluding 

temporary 
relief. 


7.00 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

7.30 a.m.- 8.00 p.m 

7.30 a.m.- 8.00 p.m 

7.30 a.m.- 8.00 p.m 

8.00 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

8.00 a.m.- 8.30 p.m 

8.00 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

8.00 a.m.- 9.30 p.m 

8.00 a.m.- 8.30 p.m 

8.00 a.m.- 8.30 p.m 

8.00 a.m.- 8.30 p.m 

8.00 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

8.00 a.m.- 9.30 p.m 

8.30 a.m.- 8.00 p.m 

8.30 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

9.00 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

9.00 a.m.- 9.30 p.m 

11,00 a.m.- 9.30 p.m 

11.00 a.m.-10.30 p.m 

11.00 a.m.- 8.30 p.m 

11.00 a.m.-lO.OO p.m 

11.00 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

11.00 a.m.- 9.30 p.m 

11.00 a.m.-lO.OO p.m 

11.00 a.m.- 8.30 p.m 

11.30 a.m.- 9.00 p.m 

12.00 m. - 9.30 p.m 

12.00 m. -10.00 p.m 


11.00 a.m.- 5.00 p.m 

12.00 m. - 4.00 p.m 

12.30 p.m.- 4.30 p.m 

1.00p.m.- 5.00 p.m 

12.00 m. - 4.30 p.m 

12.00 m. -5.00 p.m 

12.00 m. - 5.00 p.m 

12.00 m. - 5.00 p.m 

12.00 m. -5.30 p.m 

12.30p.m.- 4.30 p.m 

1.00pm.- 5.00 p.m 

1.00p.m.- 5.30 p.m 

1.00 p.m.- 6.00 p.m 

12.00 m. - 5.00 p.m 

1.00p.m.- 5.00 p.m 

1.00 p.m.- 5.00 p.m 

1.00 p.m.- 5.00 p.m 

1.00 p.m.- 5.00 p.m 

1.00p.m.- 5.00 p.m 

2.00 p.m.- 5.00 p.m 

2.00 p.m.- 5.00 p.m 

2.00p.m.- 5.30 p.m 

2.00 p.m.- 6.00 p.m 

2.00p.m.- 6.30 p.m 

2.30p.m.- 5.30 p.m 

2.30 p.m.- 4.30 p.m 

2.00p.m.- 5.00 p.m 

2.00p.m.- 5.00 p.m 


8 

8* 

84 

84 

84 

74 

8 

84 

7 

84 

84 

84 

84 

64 

84 
8" 
84 
64 

74 

f 

64 

64 

64 
64 

7| 
64 

7 


6.00 p.m.-7.00 a.m 

9.00p.m.-7.00a.m 


3 


10 
10 



































































































































I 












i 




'"" 1 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



31 



WORKING HOURS OF OPERATORS, BY SHIFTS— Concluded. 
ATLANTA, GA.: SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



Day operators. 


Evening operators. 


Terminal working 
hours. 


Lunch period. 


Net 
hours 
worked, 
not ex- 
cluding 
'tem- 
porary 
relief. 


Terminal working 
hours. 


Supper period. 


Net 
hours 
worked, 
not ex- 
cluding 

tem- 
porary 
relief. 


6.30a.m.-4.30p.m... 
6.30a.m.-4.00p.m... 
7.00 a. m.-5.00 p.m... 
7.00 a. m.-5. 00 p.m... 
7.00 a. m.-5.00 p.m... 
7.00a.m.-6.00p.m... 
7.30a.m.-5.30p.m... 
7.30a.m.-4.30p.m... 
7.30a.m.-5.30p.m... 
7.30a.m.-6.00p.m... 
7.30a.m.-5.30p.m... 
7.30a.m.-6.00p.m... 
8.00 a. m.-6. 00 p. m . . . 


11.00 a.m.-12.00 m. . . 
11.00 a.m.-12.30 p.m. 
11.00a.m.-12.00m... 
11.00 a.m.-12.30 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 1.00 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 1.00 p.m. 
11.30 a.m.- 1.00 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 1.00 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 1.00 p.m. 
12.30p.m.- 2.00p.m. 

1.00 p.m.- 2.00 p.m. 

1.00 p.m.- 2.30 p.m. 
11.00 a.m.-12.30T>.m. 


9 
8 
9 
8^ 
9 
alO 

si- 
s' 

9 
9 
9 
9 

Si 

9 

Si 

8 

S| 

9 

8 

8§ 


11.00a.m.-8.30p.m. 
11.00a.m.-9.20p.m. 
11.00a.m.-9.30p.m. 
12.00 m. -8.30 p.m. 
12.00 m. -9.20 p.m. 
12.00 m. -9.30 p.m. 
12.00 m. -9.30 p.m. 


2.00p.m.-3.00p.m. 
2.30 p. m.-4.30p.m. 
2.30p.m.-4.30p.m. 
3.00p.m.-4.00p.m. 
4.00p.m.-5.00p.m. 
4.00p.m.-5.00p.m. 
5.00 p. m.-6.00 p. m. 


Si 

Si 

Q S| 

a 7* 

«8i 
«8i 












i 






8.00a. m.-6. 00 p.m... 12.00m. - 1.00 r>.m. 


.:::: 


8.00a.m.-6.00p.m... 
8.00a.m.-6.00p.m... 
8.00a.m.-6.00p. m... 
8.00 a. m.-6.30 p.m... 
8.00a.m.-6.00p.m... 
8.00a.m.-6.30p.m... 
8.00a.m.-6.00p.m... 
8.00a.m.-6.00p.m... 
8.00a.m.-6.30p.m... 
8.00a.m.-7.00p.m... 
8.00a.m.-6.00p.m... 
9.00a.m.-6.30p.m... 


12.00 m. - 1.30 p.m. 
12.00 m. - 2.00 p.m. 
12.30 p.m.- 2.00 p.m. 
12.30 p.m.- 2.00 p.m. 
12.30 p.m.- 2.30 p.m. 
12.30 p.m.- 2.30p.m. 

1.00 p.m.- 2.00 p.m. 

1.00 p.m.- 2.30 p.m. 

1.00 p.m.- 2.30 p.m. 

1.00 p.m.- 3.00 p.m. 

1.30 p.m.- 3.00 p.m. 

1.00 p.m.- 2.00 p.m. 


























9' 

Si 
9 
9 

8i 
■ Si- 






i 



























Split-trick operators. 


Night operators. 


Terminal working 
hours. 


Intermission. 


Net 
hours 
worked, 
not ex- 
cluding 

tem- 
porary 
relief. 


Terminal working 
hours. 


Hours 

for 
sleep. 


Net 
hours 
worked, 
not ex- 
cluding 
tempo- 
rary 
relief. 


7.00 a. m.-7.00p. m 

7.30 a. m.-5.30p. m 

8.00 a. m.-9.00p. m 

8.30a. m.-8.30p. m 

9.00 a. m.-8.00p. m 

10.00 a. m.-9.00p. m 


11.00 a. m.-2.00 p. m 

12.30 p. m.-3.00p. m 

1.00 p. m.-5.00p. m 

2.00 p. m.-5.00p. m 

2.30 p. m.-5.00p. m 

2.00 p. m.-5.00p. m 

2.30 p. m.-5.00p. m 


9 

7i 

9 

9 

Si 

8 

8i 


8.00 p. m.-7.00a. m..„ 
6.00 p. m.-6.00a. m.... 
6.00 p. m.-7.00a. m.... 


2 
3 

4 


9 
9 
9 












10.30 a. m.-9.30p. m 


1 


! 




























































i 






































































































. 















a Toll operators only. Hours supposed to be : 
relief?, making net, with relief, 8 and 8fc hours. 



at main exchange and 9 at other exchanges, with i-hour 



32 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

The evening shift is usually a combination of afternoon and even- 
ing work, with hours corresponding in length to those of the day 
shift. A few companies give 4 J to 5 hours evening shift. One man- 
ager said that when a woman gives up her evening to work and thus 
deprives herself of all social amusements, she deserves special com- 
pensation in shorter hours or better wages. In one company where 
a five-hour evening schedule is in force, a number of the operators 
are high-school students, who are permitted to remain on evening 
work until they have finished their school work. 

Split-trick operators are usually given hours to cover either the 
busiest hours both morning and afternoon or to substitute for the 
day and evening force during relief and lunch periods. Their total 
actual hours of work may be only 7 or 8, no longer than those of day 
operators, but the extreme limits of their working hours may cover 
a period of from 10 to 14 hours. This deprives them of all oppor- 
tunity to devote either the day or evening to their own uses. 

All-night operators usually work from 9 p. m. to 7 a. m. with 
varying periods for relief and lunch, some companies granting sev- 
eral hours for sleep. There is little work at night and, except where 
large commission houses (whose work begins about 4 a. m.) are 
subscribers in the exchange, there are few calls for the night operator 
to answer. However, such calls as are handled are largely emer- 
gency calls (fire, police, doctor, etc.), and need prompt attention, 
and in case of any accident or disaster the telephone office is first 
to be affected. It is, therefore, necessary to keep a sufficient force 
of operators in the exchange to be prepared for emergency, for it 
would be practically impossible to get extra operators during the 
night. In most offices the night force is used to sort all the tickets 
for measured service and toll calls received during the previous day 
and to test all the circuit wires in the exchange. 

Regular lunch periods are granted to all operators, except those 
on split-trick service, the hours of these being so arranged that they 
do not need this time. 

Half an hour is usually allowed at lunch time, though in some 
places an hour is allowed. Practically all companies grant relief 
periods of 15 minutes, both in the forenoon and in the afternoon, 
thus breaking the strain of the work. There are a few cities in 
which these relief periods do not obtain. During a period of ex- 
treme rush there are a few cases when the lunch period has been 
curtailed or reduced, but nowhere can it be said that a regular prac- 
tice is made of doing so. Curtailment of relief periods is more 
common, and in some places the relief period is regarded by the 
managers as a privilege rather than as a right; hence only the girls 
who ask for it are given relief, and only when they ask for it. Where 
this system obtains, girls feel a reluctance to ask for relief; some- 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 33 

times they feel that to do so is to jeopardize promotions, and the 
new operators who need it most are usually the very ones who fail 
to get it, because a feeling of strangeness or timidity keeps them from 
asking for favors. Generally speaking, however, the relief periods 
are considered a right to which all operators are entitled, and while 
all may be deprived of it occasionally, few or none are usually so 
deprived. 

Split-trick work, upon which the new girl generally enters, is the 
most objectionable of the working shifts. Some companies have 
abolished it entirely, though most of them have not yet seen their 
way to do so. In New York City a practice has grown up of paying 
the split-trick girl, who lives 10 blocks or more from the exchange 
in which she works, 60 cents a week as car fare, so that she may go 
home during the interval or " split" in her working hours. This 
obviates the worst feature of the split-trick, which is the tendency 
of the younger girls to loaf around on the streets for the long period 
that elapses between the first and second parts of their day's work. 

Night-trick girls have been the special care of companies in most 
places, and on the whole it must be said that excellent care is taken 
for their safety, and generally for their comfort. 

Overtime work is frequent and is commonly paid for in time 
rather than in money, i. e., a girl who is required to work two hours 
overtime in an emergency is given two hours off at such time as 
she may designate. Most girls prefer this time payment to a cash or 
money payment for overtime work. 

The practice of requiring overtime is attended by hardships. In 
the first place it means the lengthening by one or even two hours 
of a workday that in itself is not short. 

The hours of work, as well as the character of the work itself, must 
be considered in any discussion of nervous and physical strain growing 
out of an occupation. It was shown that relief periods were some- 
times curtailed, that Sunday work was required twice a month in 
many companies, that holidays were difficult to obtain, that hours 
were not short, 57 to 61 hours of actual work in a week being not 
uncommon. A woman who had two years of constant association 
with telephone operators as telephone library supervisor, with the 
further duty of assisting them in all matters pertaining to education, 
health, and comfort, makes the following observation: 

Operators were in many instances anxious to join educational or 
gymnasium classes at night, but seldom remained through a term. 
The usual reason given was that when night came they were too tired 
for anything except the lightest forms of amusement. Half a dozen 
operators joined an evening dressmaking class which met three nights 
a week. They were all anxious to learn to sew in order to be able to 
lessen the cost of their clothing. Of the half dozen operators, only 

29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 3 



34 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

two remained throughout the first term and none returned the second 
term. The first half hour of work was well done, but before an hour 
was over there were lines of weariness on all faces, and the strain 
of the second hour was apparent in the little work accomplished as 
well as in the evidences of physical exhaustion. 

It is practically impossible for an operator to work all day and have 
sufficient strength left for serious work or study in the evening. This 
is the universal testimony of the operators. The telephone operator 
is at a disadvantage compared with employees in most other indus- 
tries, in that she is usually deprived of a regular weekly day for recu- 
peration. For most telephone operators a Sunday holiday comes, 
practically, but once in fourteen days, leaving a long interval between 
days of rest. 

Inconvenient arrangements of hours as well as long hours have 
their evils. In many instances where operators are boarding, they 
are unable to conform to meal hours, and the result is that they go to 
cheap restaurants and eat poor food at irregular hours, with deleterious 
effect upon digestion, and indirectly upon the nervous organization. 
In this respect as in others, split-trick hours are usually the hardest 
on the operator. Of 427 employees interviewed, 53 were boarding. 

To the operator, split-trick means a day beginning early in the 
morning and ending late at night. In smaller cities there is time 
between tricks to go home and study, sleep, or do as she pleases. In 
a large city the operators live at distances of over half an hour's 
journey from the exchange, and the distance and extra car fare force 
them to spend most of their time in the rest room or in wandering 
about the streets or shops. 

The inconvenience of irregular hours for meals is not confined to 
split-trick work. Numerous complaints have been made by opera- 
tors regarding the uncertainty of luncheon relief. They are some- 
times kept an hour or more beyond their usual time. In many cases, 
operators have been obliged to have breakfast at home before 6 
o'clock in order to be at work at 7; any considerable delay in 
getting luncheon is, therefore, likely to result in headache or indi- 
gestion. Frequently the lunch period is cut from an hour to a half 
hour, and the operator is thereby deprived of a part of her time 
needed for rest. Where half an hour is the rule, arrangements are 
usually such that the operator can get her luncheon comfortably 
within that time, but inasmuch as the luncheon period serves as an 
opportunity for rest as well as for the meal, it is doubtful whether less 
than an hour should be granted in any instance. The processes of 
digestion are hindered by immediate return to work that entails such 
nervous activity. The blood surges to head and arms, and digestion 
is retarded, with resultant headache and nervousness. 

Operators on all-night work complain that they are unable to sleep 
more than from three to Rve hours during the day, and that after 



CHAPTEE I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 35 

some months of this experience they are obliged to return to day duty. 
On some women night work seems to have no visible effect, but it is 
doubtful whether any very young woman should be permitted to do 
night work. She is at an age when physical strain will have effect, 
not only upon herself but upon future generations. Three to four hours 
of sleep during the night are valuable, but two periods of sleep, one 
at night and one during the day, can not be considered as equivalent 
to one uninterrupted period of seven or eight hours' rest. The effect 
of the interrupted sleeping periods are even worse than those of 
interrupted working periods in split-trick work. 

That the work and hours of the telephone operator have a bearing 
on the life of the operator for a period far more extensive than that 
confined within the exchange was specifically shown by the testi- 
mony of physicians before the Royal Commission appointed in 1907 
to inquire into a dispute as to wages and hours of labor, between the 
Bell Telephone Compan} T of Canada and its operators at Toronto. 
They spoke of the effect of the work, not only upon the woman her- 
self, but upon the generations to come.( a ) In that respect the prob- 
lem of hours and work in a telephone exchange becomes of public 
moment, for telephone operating is an industry which to-day is a 
large employer of women and it is moreover a growing industry, 
opening employment to an ever increasing number of women. ( b ) 

Regarding the difference between working hours and hours of 
labor, the foregoing discussion deals in detail with working hours; 
it is important now to take up the matter of hours of labor in like 
detail. 

In the accompanying table arranged by selected cities for groups 
of companies, i. e., the Bell, the Independent, and the American 
Telephone and Telegraph or long-distance companies, is shown the 
gross length of day, by various tricks in each city; that is to say, the 
number of hours that the different groups of operators must be 
within call for each trick. This may not be uniform for all the 
operators in that trick as is shown, for instance, in the day opera- 

a Report of the Royal Commission on a Dispute Respecting Hours of Employment 
between the Bell Telephone Company of Canada (Limited) and Operators at To- 
ronto, Ontario, 1907, pp. 69-75. 

&The problem is perhaps expressed by Frederick L. Hoffman in his article on 
"Physical and medical aspects of labor and industry" (Annals of the American 
Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. XXVII, May, 1906, p. 22), where 
he says: "It manifestly must be to the advantage of the State, and the employers of 
labor, that nothing within reason be left undone to raise to the highest possible stand- 
ard the level of national physique and of health and industrial efficiency. * * * 
The interests of the nation, of wage-earners as a class, and of society as a whole 
transcend the narrow and selfish interests of short-sighted employers of labor, who, dis- 
regarding the teachings of medical and other sciences, manage industry and permit 
the existence of conditions contrary to a sound industrial economy and a rational 
humanitarianism. ' ' 



36 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



tors in Kansas City, where the hours covered by the day trick range 
from 10 to 5§. Following this column of hours covered the table 
shows the length of different relief periods, then lunch periods 
granted to different groups of operators, followed by the final column 
showing net hours worked. From this it will be seen that no ade- 
quate summary can be made in tabular form, and no concise state- 
ment can be made of the net actual hours of labor of telephone 
operators. In a general way it can be said the net hours worked 
average close to 8£ per day. On the other hand, while the net aver- 
age hours worked are not usually extreme, the number of hours 
covered, especially in split-trick work, is sometimes very considerable. 
The table will, it is believed, convey the information obtained upon 
this subject more clearly than any discussion of it can do. 

Where several different sets of hours are given under one trick or 
shift in the same city, it may mean either that different groups of 
the same shift in the same exchange work these hours, or it may 
mean different hours required by the same company in different 
exchanges in the same city, and it may mean both. In any case it 
does mean that these hours obtain in the city named among the tele- 
phone operators working on the shift or trick specified for the com- 
pany indicated. It must be borne in mind that each column in this 
tabular presentation must be considered by itself. The table follows : 

HOURS WORKED BY TELEPHONE EMPLOYEES, AND RELIEF AND LUNCH PERIODS, 

IN SELECTED COMPANIES. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



Company. 



City. 



Tricks 
worked. 



Differ- 
ent 

hours 
cov- 
ered 
by 

trick. 



Different 

relief 
periods.o 



Different 

lunch 
periods.o 



Net 
hours 
worked 

per 
day.b 



Chesapeake and Potomac Tele- 
phone Co. 



Chicago Telephone Co . 



Washington, D. C 



Chicago, 



Day 

Evening 
Split. 



h. m. 
30 



Night... 
Day 



Evening 



Split. 



Cincinnati and Suburban Tele- 
phone Co. 



Citizens Telephone Co . 



Cincinnati, Ohio. 



Night... 



Day 

Evening 



split. 

Nig 



Covington, Ky. 



fight... 

Day 

Evening 
Split.... 

Night... 



30 

5 

3 

30 

15 
10 

6 
5 

4 30 
15 

60 
30 

30 
5 

7 
15 
30 

5 

7 

15 



15 



30 



30 



m 

7 

m 

7 
91 



a The figures in this column show the different periods granted to different groups of employees within 
the trick, either in the same exchange or in different exchanges of the company. 

b The figures in this column show the net hours worked by different groups of employees within the 
trick, either in the same exchange or in different exchanges of the company. 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



37 



HOURS WORKED BY TELEPHONE EMPLOYEES, AND RELIEF AND LUNCH PERIODS, 
IN SELECTED COMPANIES— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 



Company 



City. 



Tricks 
worked. 



Differ- 
ent 
hours 
cov- 
ered 
by 

trick. 



Different 

relief 
periods. a 



Different 

lunch 
periods. a 



Net 
hours 
worked 

per 
day.'' 



Cleveland Telephone Co. 



Cleveland, Ohio. 



Colorado Telephone Co. 



Denver, Colo. 



Cumberland Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co. 



Missouri and Kansas Telephone 
Co. 



New Orleans, La. 



Kansas City, Mo. 



Nebraska Telephone Co . 



Omaha, Nebr. 



New England Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co. 



Boston, Mass. 



Ozark Bell Telephone Co. 



Springfield, Mo. 



Southern Bell Telephone and Tel- 
egraph Co. 



Southern Bell Telephone and Tel- 
egraph Co. 



Southwestern Telegraph and Tele- 
phone Co. 



Atlanta, Ga. 



Birmingham, Ala. 



Dallas, Tex. 



Day 

Evening . 

Split 

Night.... 
Day...'..- 
Evening . 

Split 

Night.... 

Day 

Split 

Night.... 

Day 



Evening . 



Split. 



Night.... 

Day 

Evening . 

Split 

Night.... 
Day 

Evening . 

Split 

Night.... 
Day 

Evening . 



Split. 



Night... 

Day 

Split.... 

Night... 

Day 

Evening 
Split.... 
Night... 

Day 

Evening 
Split.... 
Night... 



h. to. 



1 30 
30 

3 30 
30 

3 

2 

4 
1 

60 



2 30 



7 
4 
3 



30 
30 
30 

30 

15 

30 
3 



15 

30 
30 
4 30 
3 
30 
30 
30 



60 

2 
45 



3 
60 
30 



60 
30 
5 
60 
60 



5 
60 

60 

60 

2 

6 30 
5 
4 30 
4 

3 
2 



60 

1 30 

4 

2 30 

5 
4 

60 
60 



30 
1 30 

4 30 

5 30 
4 



a The figures in this column show the different periods granted to different groups of employees within 
the trick, either in the same exchange or in different exchanges of the company. 

b The figures in this column show the net hours worked by different groups of employees within the 
trick, either in the same exchange or in different exchanges of the company. 



38 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



HOURS WORKED BY TELEPHONE EMPLOYEES, AND RELIEF AND LUNCH PERIODS 
IN SELECTED COMPANIES— Concluded. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



Company. 


City. 


Tricks 
worked. 


Differ- 
ent 

hours 
cov- 
ered 
by 

trick. 


Different 

relief 
periods.** 


Different 

lunch 
periods .a 


Net 

hours 

worked 

per 

day. b 


Louisville Home Telephone Co 


Louisville, Ky 

Baltimore, Md 


Day 

Evening . 

Split 

Night.... 

Day 

Evening . 

Split 

Night.... 


10 

5 
10 

9 

9i 

9| 
12* 

9 


h. m. 
30 
15 
3 15 
30 
15 
15 
15 
15 


h.m. 
60 


1 






6f 




60 
45 
45 
3 30 
45 




8f 

8 



AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



American Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co. 



American Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co. 



American Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co. 



American Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co. 



American Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co. 

American Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co. 



American Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co. 



American Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co. 



American Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co. 



Boston, Mass. 



Chicago, 111. 



Cincinnati, Ohio. 



j-Kansas City, 



?.to. 



Minneapolis, Minn. . 
New York, N. Y.... 

Philadelphia, Pa 

Pittsburg, Pa 

St. Louis, Mo 



Day.... 

Evening 

Split.... 

Night... 

Day 

Evening 

Split.... 

Night... 

Day 

Evening 

Split.... 

Night,.. 

Day.... 

Evening 

Split.... 

Night... 

Day 

Evening 
Split.... 

Day 

Evening 
Split.... 
Night... 

Day 

Evening 

Split.... 

Night... 

Day 

Evening 
Split.... 
Night... 

Day 

Evening 
Split.... 
Night... 



10 





60 








6 




4 30 






20 


60 
15 




6 




5 




60 




60 




60 




5 




4 




60 


} 


60 
60 




4 




4 




60 


20 
15 


60 

60 

5 


15 


45 
30 




6 


2 30 


30 
60 








4 30 




4 




60 




60 




30 




4 30 




30 




30 




30 




3 30 




30 



a The figures in this column show the different periods granted to different groups of employees within 
the trick, either in the same exchange or in different exchanges of the company. 

b The figures in this column show the net hours worked by different groups of employees within the 
trick, either in the same exchange or in different exchanges of the company. 



CHARACTER AND SEVERITY OF THE WORK. 

Whether or not the work of the telephone operator is severe and 
exacting depends upon circumstances and conditions. It may be 
severe at times and comparatively easy at others. The speed rate of 
the work, the length of time during which high speed rates are kept 
up without break, the height of the reach above the operator's head, 
and the length of the side reach, all these go to make up the elements 



CHAPTER I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 39 

of hardship that may at times enter into questions of the severity of 
the work. 

To understand these elements fully and hence to grasp the sig- 
nificance of the tables on these subjects which are here included, a 
more detailed account of the work of the switchboard operations 
must be given. 

In a former section the types of switchboard, the magneto and the 
common battery, were referred to. Here it is intended to give a 
description of switchboards from the point of view of the work of the 
women and girls who answer calls. 

DESCRIPTION OF TELEPHONE WORK. 

Perhaps as good a description of a telephone exchange and the 
work done in it as can be obtained is that given in the report of the 
Royal Commission of Canada, as follows : ( a ) 

"On entering the operating room of the exchange, one sees from 80 
to 100 young women seated beside each other on high chairs opposite 
a key-board which extends in the form of a semicircle around the three 
sides of the room. This board, which lies in a horizontal position, 
is a little over a foot wide. The position of the operator in regard to 
it is the same as if she were seated at a table. Joined to this board 
and rising vertically at right angles to it is another board filled with 
small holes which represent the points at which wires connect with 
the exchange. This board extends around the room in the same fash- 
ion as the horizontal board, and is marked off into divisions or sec- 
tions, there being one division to every three operators. Each section 
of the board is subdivided into panels, the upper half of which are 
made up of small sections containing holes all of which are numbered, 
each small section resembling somewhat a honey-comb in appearance. 
These holes indicate the points at which connections are made with 
the several wires running out of the exchange. Each operator has 
before her on the upper half of these panels, on what is known as 'the 
multiple/ the number of every telephone connecting with the exchange, 
the lines being looped throughout the entire board through the mul- 
tiple portion, so that any one operator can reach any one line she is 
asked for. The lower portion of the vertical board is also subdivided 
into holes, accompanying which are rows of glass covered orifices, 
set closely together in parallel rows. Within each orifice, and beneath 
the glass, is a miniature incandescent lamp, which is extinguished 
except when serving as a signal. These holes indicate the point at 
which subscribers' 'phones run into and connect with the exchange. 
Suppose there were a total of 8,000 telephones running into the 

a Report of the Royal Commission on a Dispute Respecting Hours of Employment 
between the Bell Telephone Company of Canada, Ltd., and Operators at Toronto, 
Ontario, 1907, pp. 45-49. 



40 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

exchange. This number would be distributed over me entire semi- 
circle board, so that each operator will have before her a certain 
number of 'phones for which she is directly responsible. On the hori- 
zontal board in front of the operator, and removed a short distance 
from the base of the vertical board, are two rows of small plugs 
attached to cords, which extend beneath the board, the points of the 
plugs alone appearing above the surface. Parallel to these plugs 
and a little nearer to the operator are two rows of glass-covered 
orifices similar to those on the lower half of the vertical board, and 
parallel to these again and still closer to the operator is a row of small 
levers or keys. The operator wears a band around the head, to which 
is attached a receiver placed immediately over her left ear, and a 
transmitter or mouth-piece so adjusted that she may conveniently 
speak into it while it is not in immediate proximity to her lips. Both 
the receiver and the transmitter are connected by cords with the main 
board. In virtue of this device the operator is free to use both hands 
to make the necessary connections. 

"When a subscriber rings up central or lifts the 'phone from the 
hook, a light immediately glows within the glass-covered orifice on 
the lower half of the vertical board at the point at which the 'phone 
is connected by wire with the exchange. This light is an indication 
to the operator that a subscriber is calling central. She thereupon 
takes with one hand one of the plugs to which a cord is attached and 
inserts it in the hole or socket (technically termed the 'jack') cor- 
responding to the light which is glowing, at the same time pressing 
forward one of the levers or keys. This connects her with the calling 
subscriber, of whom she requests the number desired. On receiving 
the number she takes the end of the other cord — there are a pair 
of cords with a plug at the end of each — and inserts its plug in the 
hole or socket (the 'jack') on the upper half or 'multiple' portion 
of the board which bears the number requested. She then throws 
the lever back which connects for a moment the machine generating 
current, and takes a little portion of that current to ring the bell 
of the called subscriber. The plugs inserted in this way effect the 
desired connection between the 'phones. As soon as the operator 
connects with the subscriber by inserting the plug in the hole at 
which his 'phone connects with the main exchange, the light beside 
this hole, which has been her signal, is extinguished, and one of the 
small lights on the keyboard begins to glow. Its companion light 
glows also once the connection is made, and until the other 'phone 
is taken down for purposes of conversation. Once the conversation 
begins both of the signal lights go out. When the conversation 
ends, as each subscriber hangs up his 'phone, the companion lights 
opposite the companion plugs begin again to glow. It is then the 
duty of the operator to remove the plugs from the holes into which 



CHAPTER I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 41 

they have been placed, and thus sever the connection and extinguish 
the lights. Tins work of making and severing connections is the 
main duty of the operators. In other words, an operator is con- 
tinually answering subscribers, covering the board with such con- 
nections as are requested and as rapidly clearing the board whenever 
conversations are ended; putting up and taking down connections. 

"A more complete description of the switchboard and duties of 
operators will be had from the following extracts taken from an 
article on 'The telephone exchange,' by S. J. Larned, general super- 
intendent of the Chicago Telephone Company, which appears at 
page 686 and subsequent pages of the July, 1907, number of 'The 
World To-day': 

'"Supposing a number of lines, all leading in to the central office 
or exchange, it is necessary to provide there means whereby the user, 
or subscriber as he is called, may be able to signal whenever he desires 
service, and may then have his line promptly brought into contact 
with the line of any other subscriber to the system with whom he 
wishes to converse. The second subscriber must be signaled by ring- 
ing his bell. When the two subscribers have finished their conver- 
sation, their wires must be as quickly separated again so that each 
may be immediately free and available for connection with other 
subscribers, for these wires or lines may be likened to single-track 
railway spurs leading into the subscriber's premises, each of con- 
siderable length, but capable of admitting and carrying but one car 
or message at a time. The most watchful care and systematic 
handling is necessary in order to permit the handling of a maximum 
traffic in both directions without collisions and tie-ups. 

"'There are connected to the Chicago exchange more than 130,000 
telephones. ( a ) The system must stand ready at any moment to bring 
together any two of these for conversation. Leaving out of count 
possible connections with other towns and cities, this means that 
the machinery must be capable of making on an instant's notice, 
any one of nearly seventeen billion possible combinations. The end 
of the conversation must be accurately noted and the lines promptly 
disconnected. Before connection is made it must be ascertained that 
the line asked for is not already carrying another message or tem- 
porarily disabled or unavailable for any other reason. 

'"In establishing connections, all the above conditions and many 
others must be noted and allowed for, and yet the time consumed 
in each step of the process of connection must be measured as seconds 
or even fractions of a second. 

"'The switchboard designed to meet these requirements is a highly 
complicated machine both as to extent and flexibility. The sub- 
scribers' line wires are at that point (i. e., the exchange) separated 

a In 1908 the Chicago Telephone Company reported 423,082 telephones. 



42 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

and their ends arranged in an orderly manner in rows, or strips, on 
what is called the terminal or main distributing frame. Each wire 
is numbered in the order of its appearance on this frame, and a care- 
ful record kept of the cables it passes through, the route it takes and 
the subscriber's telephone which it finally reaches. 

"'At the main frame or distributing board, above mentioned, are 
terminated, in a manner similar to the line wires, all the wires from 
the switchboard. Every line wire must be permanently connected 
to some one of the switchboard wires; but it is sometimes necessary 
to change their relation for various reasons, such as the shifting of a 
given telephone from one underground wire to another, because of 
the moving of a subscriber's office, etc. For this reason, a short 
length of easily replaced, flexible wire is used to continue the line 
wire through the distributing frame to the switchboard wire. This 
connecting link is technically known as a jumper. 

" ( We have now traced the line wire well on its way to the switch- 
board, but it is again interrupted by a second distributing board, 
known as the intermediate distributing frame, where it is divided into 
two branches. One branch is for outward traffic, the calls which the 
subscriber originates himself, and it runs to what is called the answer- 
ing jack. The other branch is for inward traffic; that is, calls made 
for the subscriber by others, and it runs to that part of the switch- 
board called the multiple, which will be described later. 

" 'The switchboard itself consists of a long, continuous frame- 
work, in which are mounted the answering jacks, the multiple and 
other parts not yet mentioned, and before which frame sit operators, 
who connect and disconnect line wires, as ordered by the subscribers. 

" 'The answering jack is the point at which contact is made with 
subscriber's line by an operator, in response to his call. The device 
with which a connection is established between two lines is called a 
pair of cords. It consists of a set of flexible wires or conductors, gen- 
erally of tinsel, incorporated in a braided linen cord. At each end 
the cord terminates in a metal plug, which, when pushed into an 
answering jack, makes a contact between the subscriber's line and 
the tinsel conductor of the cord. When, therefore, the two plugs, or 
pair of cords, are inserted in the spring jacks of two different lines, 
those lines are connected together and in a condition for conversa- 
tion. 

" 'Just over every answering jack in the face of the switchboard is 
mounted a small electric lamp, known as the line lamp. By a rather 
complicated arrangement of apparatus, this lamp is lighted whenever 
the telephone receiver at the corresponding subscriber's station is 
picked up. Its glowing is the signal to the operator that the sub- 
scriber at that station wishes to make a call. Each telephone line 
has but one answering jack. They are placed in the lower part of 



CHAPTER I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 43 

the switchboard, a certain number before each operator, that number 
depending upon the use of the telephones, as each operator must 
answer all of the calls made by the subscribers whose answering jacks 
are placed directly in front of her. Some lines are used so frequently 
that but five or ten can be placed in a single operator's position, 
while other lines may be used so infrequently that more than one 
hundred can be placed in each position. 

" 'When any line lamp begins to glow, the operator promptly 
picks up a plug connected with any pair of cords, and inserts it in 
the answering jack corresponding to the lighted lamp. The flexible 
wires leading from the plug to its mate are also connected to a small 
switch called the ringing and listening key, located in a horizontal 
shelf between the operator and the vertical face of the switchboard. 
By moving the handle of this ringing and listening key, the operator 
is able to bring the wires leading from her own telephone set into 
contact with the wires leading from the plug, and consequently into 
contact with the line wire of the subscriber making the call. The 
operator is then able to converse with the subscriber and ascertain 
his wishes. 

" 'Having received an order to connect his line with any other 
subscriber's line, the operator inserts the second plug of the pair into 
a spring jack connected with the called subscriber's line, and by 
another movement of the handle of the ringing and listening key, 
brings the line wire of the called subscriber into contact with wires 
leading from the ringing generator. The latter is a small dynamo, 
generating alternating and pulsating electrical currents. The move- 
ment of the key just mentioned allows the current from this ringing 
generator to flow out over the called subscriber's line, the effect being 
to ring the bell associated with his telephone set, and summon him to 
the telephone. 

"'The connection of the second plug with a spring jack of the 
called subscriber can not be made with the answering jack of that 
second subscriber because that answering jack may be in a position 
a hundred feet away from the position in which the call is made. It 
is to meet this condition that the already mentioned inward or multi- 
ple branch of the subscribers' line is designed. This branch is con- 
nected to spring jacks exactly like the answering jacks except that 
they are arranged to occupy as little space as possible. They are all 
marked with the call number of the subscribers that they represent, 
and are arranged in numerical order, and are piled row above row 
in the vertical face of the board. 

"'It is possible to bring multiple jacks representing about ten 
thousand lines within the reach of an operator, and such a portion of 
the switchboard as contains one jack for each line connected with the 
office is called a section. Not more than three operators can work 



44 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

at a section of switchboard, and it is necessary to repeat the sections 
as often as the number of operators employed demands. Each sec- 
tion is a duplicate of every other, each subscriber's line being ex- 
tended from the multiple jack in one section to the corresponding 
multiple jack in the next section, and so on throughout the entire 
length of the switchboard. This multiple feature of a telephone 
switchboard calls for a tremendous amount of material and labor 
in its assembly, a single switchboard, that of the Main office, Chicago, 
for example, containing over two hundred and seventy thousand jacks 
and over fourteen million feet of wire. ; 

" These descriptions may be sufficient to indicate that so far as the 
calling by subscribers is concerned the intensity of the work, the 
amount accomplished within a given space of time, or, in other words, 
the speed of operating, will depend first upon the number of lines 
which an operator has running into her board and for which she is 
responsible, secondly, on the number of 'phones connecting with the 
exchange, which, of course, determines the number of possible con- 
nections that can be made, and thirdly, the extent to which the differ- 
ent 'phones are used by subscribers. 

"The amount of work which an operator performs in the way of 
answering calls and making connections is described as her 'load.' 
This load will be increased or diminished, therefore, according as the 
number of lines connecting with a portion of the switchboard, the 
number of 'phones in an exchange, or the number of connections 
asked for during the day are increased or diminished." 

In addition to the foregoing description of the work, it should be 
noted that in practically all cities, and wherever common battery 
switchboards are in use, a color scheme is used for signal lights, by 
means of which the operator is enabled to know and keep track of 
the various kinds of service so as to make out her tickets for such 
calls as require a record. 

The lamp cap is marked to correspond with an accepted code for 
different classes of service, as, for instance, a plain white signal lamp 
call means, in most exchanges, a call for simple flat-rate service. 
In this case there need be no record made of the call. A dot in the 
center of the lamp cap means a message rate meter service call, for 
which the connection must be made and a ticket made out charging 
it up to the meter. A cross on the cap indicates that the calling 
person is using a prepayment nickel service. A red lamp indicates a 
public pay station; a green light indicates a P. B. X. line, etc. An 
operator must, at all times, be familiar with this color signal code. 

Changes in number, removals, and discontinuances of 'phones occur 
daily, and the operator must familiarize herself with these immedi- 
ately, either through a bulletin published daily or by means of a 
colored peg system, or both. 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 45 

UP REACH AND SIDE REACH ON SWITCHBOARD. 

The height of the board above the shelf and the width of the sec- 
tions, or distance of the side reach an operator must make to plug 
in the farthest jacks in her jurisdiction, constitute the physical ele- 
ments of strain that go to make up the several conditions of severity 
of the work. 

In determining the height of switchboard for purposes of this 
report, measurement was made from the base or shelf through which 
the pairs of cords and plugs run and upon which the plugs rest 
(which shelf reaches just above the waist line as the operator sits in 
her chair) to the top row of jacks on the multiple board in front of 
her, i. e., to the highest point which she must at any time reach. 
While in the acceptance of applicants, as heretofore stated, some 
attention is paid to the height of the operator — that is, short girls' are 
not employed — nevertheless common observations show that with a 
switchboard on which the top row of jacks is more than 30 inches 
above the shelf, most women will at times have an excessive reach. 
During numerous visits to exchanges it was noted that with a 35- 
inch board women with difficulty reached the fifth and sometimes 
the sixth row from the top, while the top row could not be reached 
without standing. In one city the brass foot rail was worn through 
in two places from the necessity of standing on it to reach the top 
row of jacks. Accidents, while infrequent, do sometimes occur in 
the rush of calls, by the necessity of hurriedly reaching this top row, 
as is instanced by an operator in New York City who reached for a 
jack too high to be reached from her chair, the foot missing the foot 
rail as she attempted to stand upon it to plug in for the call; as a 
result she fell, striking her breast against the shelf; a serious tumor 
developed, as it is alleged, from the bruise she received. 

Accepting 30 inches as the maximum height at which a row of 
jacks can be comfortably reached by an operator, the accompanying 
table shows that in 121 of the exchanges from which reports were 
received the height of switchboard above the shelf, or in other 
words, the greatest upreach of operators was more than 30 inches. 
In 47 of these the reach was between 38 and 39 inches, while in one 
case it was between 43 and 44 inches. 

The operators interviewed complained much more of the severity 
of the side reach than they did of the upreach. The extreme up- 
reach is comparatively infrequent, while the side reach is constant. 
It is the side reach which is most noticed in producing physical 
exhaustion. "It is the everlasting side-reach that tires us so," is 
the common expression. However, it may be said that it is not 
more physically injurious for a woman to become tired at her work 
than it is for a man to become tired, and that the mere fact of becom- 
ing tired means nothing. There seems to be no physiological objec- 



46 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



tion to a reasonable side reach for women, while there is a decided 
physiological reason why women should not be required to reach up 
an excessive distance or too frequently. 

The extreme side reach, however, may become a source of undue 
severity in the work, especially during rush hours. Experiments 
have shown that 36 inches is about the limit of side reach possible 
to the ordinary sized woman without too great a strain, especially if 
such reaches must be made rapidly and kept up for a considerable 
time. 

Accepting 36 inches, therefore, as the maximum of comfortable 
side reach, 122 exchanges reported a side reach in excess of this; 39 
of these report between 36 and 37 inches; 11 between 37 and 38 
inches; 10 between 43 and 44 inches; while 1 reports a side reach of 
between 50 and 51 inches, as shown in the following table: 

EXCHANGES IN WHICH HEIGHT OF SWITCHBOARD ABOVE SHELF IS 30 INCHES OR 
MORE AND EXTREME SIDE REACH IS 36 INCHES OR MORE. 



Exchanges in which height of switchboard above j Exchanges in which extreme side reach is 3G inches 
shell is 30 inches or more. or more. 



Height of switchboard above shelf 
(inches). 


Number of 
exchanges. 


Extreme side reach (inches). 


Number of 
exchanges. 




5 

10 
11 
4 
2 
2 
21 
16 
47 
2 


36 and under 37 . . . 


39 


31 and under 32 


37 and under 38 . . . 


11 


32 and tinder 33 


38 and under 39 . . . 


8 


33 and under 34 


39 and under 40 


4 


34 and under 35 


40 and under 41 


7 


35 and under 36 


41 and under 42 


8 


36 and under 37 


42 and under 43 


9 


37 and under 38 


43 and under 44 


10 


38 and under 39 


44 and under 45 


6 


39 and under 40 


45 and under 46 


3 






1 




47 and under 48 


4 




48 and under 49 


9 




49 and under 50 


2 




50 and under 51 


1 









It will thus be seen that telephone operating at the switchboard 
involves frequent long reaching while sitting in order to place the 
plugs in the upper jacks on the multiple. Although the switchboard 
chairs are adjustable and can be raised to a considerable height, the 
key shelf acts as a limit to an entirely satisfactory adjustment. Espe- 
cially is this true where the message rate is in use. Operators are then 
obliged to write tickets and do other clerical work, and this makes it 
necessary to keep their chairs reasonably low. As a consequence, in 
order to reach the higher jacks most operators must rise on the foot 
rail, or at least stretch full arm length. Furthermore, an operator is 
supposed to cover not only the position directly in front of her, but 
also to take calls on the entire multiple (three positions) when the oper- 
ator on whose position these calls arise receives several signals at one 
time. This means a frequent side reach of 3 feet to each side of the 
center and an upward reach of 39 inches, making a diagonal stretch 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 47 

for the operator at times of 53 inches or more from the center of her 
position. 

There have been various methods tried to curtail this stretch. The 
New York Telephone Company has experimented with a series of plat- 
forms of various heights. This makes the reach easier for the super- 
visor who is standing, or for the operator who rises to answer her calls, 
but it has little effect on the person who is seated, for the shelf, even 
when reduced to the width of 6 inches, is still a barrier. The operator 
whose arm length is not sufficient often has to rise on the foot rail 
which runs around the base of the switchboard. Some companies 
make an effort to minimize this strain by putting such lines as have 
little incoming business (as pay-station telephones from which calls 
are made, but which are seldom called up) at the top of their multiple 
boards, so that operators seldom receive calls which necessitate their 
plugging into these higher jacks. This, however, is not the universal 
practice. 

Many of the companies allow an operator to pass her plug to her 
neighbor to insert if the reach is too great, but if that neighbor is 
busy, rather than give a slow connection the operator will strain to 
complete the connection herself. Moreover, the operator on whose 
position the call originated is held responsible for any error in connec- 
tion, and she is therefore naturally loath to pass the call. 

In one city there is a practice of placing the cords and plugs at the 
"hospital position" (the lines out of order) above the multiple jacks 
instead of on the key shelf. One " hospital" operator said the reach 
was 32 inches above the shelf, or 10 inches above her head. She says 
if she has her chair low so that she can write or make out tickets on 
the key shelf it makes a still greater reach. In exchanges where the 
new high board of 38 inches has been installed the " hospital" cords 
are 38 inches above the shelf and 15 inches above the operator's 
head. The chief operator usually stands on the foot rail and gets 
the cords down for the "hospital" operator. Normally there is little 
occasion to reach for these high "hospital" cords, perhaps not over a 
dozen times on an ordinary day. On a stormy day, however, this 
position is frequently very busy. 

Sometimes an operator has so many calls that in order to move more 
freely and quickly she will push back her chair and stand at her work. 
The trouble here lies more in the strain of work than in the standing, 
which is but a visible symbol of conditions. 

An unusual method requiring compulsory standing is practiced by 
one company, in the exchanges of which chairs are taken away from 
night operators who show signs of sleepiness and no time for sleeping 
is allowed. 

Constant standing is an inconvenience to which one class of em- 
ployees, the supervisors, are subject. It is the rule in a number of 



48 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

cities to permit the supervisor to exchange places at times with a sub- 
stitute (usually her senior operator), or to allow the supervisor to sit 
at a desk and act as monitor during part of the day. This custom is, 
however, far from universal. In one city, at least, supervisors find it 
difficult to get relief even if they are ill or tired, unless they are so ill 
as to be obliged to go home and forfeit their wages during the time lost. 
The accompanying photographs of a switchboard where the top row 
of jacks, or upreach of the operator, is too high will present the situa- 
tion better, perhaps, than figures can do. 

LENGTH OF SERVICE OF OPERATORS. 

An important element in determining the efficiency of service to the 
public is the average length of service in the occupation. Broadly 
speaking, this is an element which the companies can not altogether 
control, though, so far as the questions of wages, age at beginning 
work, opportunities for promotion, and sympathetic treatment of 
employees enter into the problem, the answer lies with the companies. 
Other elements, however, like that of marriage, are beyond their 
influence. 

According to the general experience of telephone companies, the 
average service of an operator at the switchboard is about three years. 
One company, by reducing the age limit at which it would employ 
girls from 17 to 15 years, increased the average service of its operators 
from 18 months to 2-| years, and generally speaking, the younger the 
girls are when they begin the longer they stay at the business. The 
average length of service of all operators at present employed is 
reported by Dallas, Tex., as two years and five months; average length 
of service for all operators is reported as 17 months in Washington, 
D. C. ; and as 18 months in Baltimore, Md. 

By operating forces or tricks the figures for Washington and Balti- 
more are as follows: 

AVERAGE MONTHS OF SERVICE OF DAY, EVENING, AND NIGHT OPERATORS IN WASH- 
INGTON, D. C, AND BALTIMORE, MD. 



Class of operators. 



Average months of 
service in- 



Wash ing- 
ton. 



Baltimore. 



Day operators 

Evening operators . 
Night operators . . . 



28.6 
5.3 
12.7 



29.5 
8.8 
11.7 



It must be borne in mind in considering the above presentation that 
numbers of the night and evening operators pass into the day force 
rather than out of the service, while those dropping out of the day 
force drop out of the service altogether, comparatively few going into 
supervisory groups. 







■ MM 


life^rtgv , 


Ell 

■MP! 


^PH._ _ ^vA .,rl'l 

'""J 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



49 



In the matter of promotion in the sense of increased salary, most 
companies have more or less adhered to automatic systems of granting 
increases every six months until the maximum is reached. Failure 
to adhere strictly to this rule, when it is a tacit part of the terms of 
agreement under which the operator enters the company's employ, 
was found to be a serious source of complaint and is most fruitful 
of resignation. Promotions from the ranks of operators to the super- 
visory force are not infrequent and may be fairly hoped for by the 
older women in the service. The accompanying table shows for two 
cities — New York, N. Y., and Atlanta, Ga. — the number in each and 
in all supervisory positions as compared with the number of switch- 
board operators, by tricks, and the relative ages of women and girls 
in the various positions: 

PERSONS OF EACH SPECIFIED AGE EMPLOYED ON SUPERVISORY FORCE AND AS 
SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, BY SHIFTS. 

NEW YORK TELEPHONE CO., NEW YORK, N. Y. (Metropolitan exchanges only). 





Emploj 


r ees of each specified age. 




Total 


Occupation. 


16 
years. 


17 
years. 


18 
years. 


19 
years. 


20 
years. 


21 years 
and 
over. 


em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


DAY OPERATING FORCE. 












45 
200 
43 
27 
63 


45 








1 
1 

7 


1 
2 

4 


10 
15 
6 
11 


212 








61 






1 
3 


38 






91 








Total supervisory force 




4 


9 


14 


42 


378 


447 










19 


245 


395 

1 


304 

4' 

4 
2 
5 


243 
3 

"h 

i" 


634 

14 

10 

4 

2 

2 


1,840 


EVENING FORCE. 


18 








14 


Senior operators 






1 
2 
3 


15 


Monitors and service observers 




1 


7 






11 










Total supervisory force 




1 


7 


15 


10 


32 


65 










20 


136 


140 


93 


57 


57 

2 

8 

4 

2" 


503 


SPLIT-TRICK FORCE. 

Chief operators and assistant chief operators. . 


2 


Supervisors 






1 
2 
2 
2 


4 
3 
2 
2 


1 
5 
3 


14 


Senior operators 






14 








7 


Information operators 






6 










Total supervisory force 






7 


11 


9 


16 


43 












2 


53 


115 

1 
3 


79 

1 
8 


39 
5 

6 


31 

16 
14 


319 


NIGHT FORCE. 

Chief operators and assistant chief operators. . 


23 


Supervisors 




31 


Senior operators 






Monitors and service operators 






3 

4 


2 
3 


2 
2 


7 


Information operators 






1 


10 










Total supervisory force 






5 


16 


16 


34 


71 










Total switchboard operators 


4 


48 


113 


116 


74 


105 


460 






Total supervisory force, all shifts 




5 


28 


56 


77 


460 


626 








Total switchboard operators, all shifts 


45 


482 


763 


592 


413 


827 


3,122 



29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2- 



50 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



PERSONS OF EACH SPECIFIED AGE EMPLOYED ON SUPERVISORY FORCE AND AS 
SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, BY SHIFTS— Concluded. 

SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE CO., ATLANTA, GA. 





Employees of each specified age. 


Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Occupation. 


15 
years. 


16 

years. 


17 
years. 


18 
years. 


19 
years. 


20 
years. 


21 
years 
and 
over. 

4 

7 
1 
2 


DAY OPERATING FORCE. 












1 


5 














7 


















1 
















2 






























1 


14 


15 


















1 


13 


5 


12 


9 


8 


45 


93 


EVENING FORCE. 


















1 


1 
































1 


1 
































2 


2 




















1 


2 


2 


3 


3 


1 


4 


16 


SPLIT-TRICK FORCE. 


















4 


4 


































































4 


4 




















2 


4 


4 


3 


3 


1 


8 
2 


25 


NIGHT FORCF. 

Chief operators and assistant chief operators. . 


2 


Supervisors 


































Information operators 








1 








1 


















Total supervisory force 








1 






2 


3 


















1 


4 


1 


5 




1 


7 


19 






Total supervisory force, all shifts 








1 




1 


22 


24 












Total switchboard operators, all shifts. . 


5 


23 


12 


23 


15 


11 


64 


153 



The use of the telephone is expanding so rapidly that the number 
of new employees taken on, not to replace others who have resigned 
or been dismissed but to increase the operating force, renders the con- 
sideration of average time of employment or length of service liable 
to mislead, or at least suggests wrong deductions and conclusions if 
unaccompanied with proper precautions. 

Moreover, efficiency of service is not increased perceptibly after 
a certain length of experience has been reached. After eight or ten 
months' service, it is claimed that reasonably bright operator is as 
efficient as she will ever be at switchboard work. 

During 1908 the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin, while con- 
sidering certain complaints brought by citizens of Milwaukee against 



CHAPTER T. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



51 



the Wisconsin Telephone Company, took occasion to go into details 
in the matter of length of service of operators, and in its report 
submits data of extreme interest and importance. It is shown that 
in all the territory occupied by the Wisconsin Telephone Company, 
including Milwaukee, it had January 1, 1906, 242 operators, and that 
their average length of service was 41.8 months; January 1, 1907, it 
had 322 operators, with an average length of service of 33.9 months; 
by July 1, 1907, the number of operators had increased to 427, and 
the average length of service had decreased to 26.7 months; on 
December 31, 1907, there were 447 operators, and the average length 
of service was 23.1 months. On the face of these figures the increase 
in the force might account for all the decrease in average length of 
service. ( a ) 

Considering the seven large exchanges of the company in Mil- 
waukee alone, the commission went more carefully into this subject 
and found that January 15, 1907, these employed 290 operators, with 
22.72 months as the average length of service, and on January 15, 
1908, the same exchanges employed 407 operators, with an average 
length of service of 18.52 months. The details showing classified 
service by months revealed the following conditions : ( b ) 

LENGTH OF SERVICE OF OPERATORS IN MILWAUKEE EXCHANGES ON JANUARY 15, 
1907, AND ON JANUARY 15, 1908. 



Length of service. 


Number of oper- 
ators. 


Length of service. 


Number of oper- 
ators. 


January 
15, 1907. 


January 
15, 1908. 


January 
15, 1907. 


January 
15, 1908. 




18 

16 

28 

17 

13 

19 

18 

6 

8 

6 

9 

5 

4 

2 


3 

17 
41 
49 
29 
37 
27 
15 
5 
5 
5 
5 
7 
4 
16 




5 
3 
3 

12 
13 
15 
19 
17 
11 
14 
6 
3 


5 






10 




Over 17 to 18 months 


9 




Over 18 to 21 months 


25 




Over 21 to 24 months 


11 




Over 2 to 2\ years 


10 




Over 2J to 3 vears 


17 




Over 3 to 4 years 


21 




Over 4 to 5 years 


11 


Over 9 to 10 months 


Over 5 to 10 years 


18 


Over 10 to 11 months 


Over 10 to 15 years 


1 


Over 11 to 12 months 


Over 15 years 


4 




Total 






290 


407 



















Grouped in more compact form with wider classification, and by 
the addition of percentage columns for each year, these figures be- 
come more illuminative of the subject, as well as more significant. ( c ) 

aLorenz and Lorenz etal. v. Wisconsin Telephone Co., before the Railroad Com- 
mission of Wisconsin. Decision and order of the commission, p. 60. 
b Decision and order of the commission, p. 62. 
c Decision and order of the commission, p. 63. 



52 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION, 



NUMBER AND PER CENT OF OPERATORS IN MILWAUKEE EXCHANGES, BY CLASSI- 
FIED PERIODS OF SERVICE, JANUARY 15, 1907, AND JANUARY 15,1908. 



Length of service. 



Operators employed for each specified 
period. 



Number. 



January 
15, 1907. 



January 
15, 1908. 



Per cent. 



JaDuary 
15, 1907. 



January 
15, 1908. 



4 months and under 

Over 4 to 8 months 

Over 8 to 12 months 

Over 12 to 16 months 

Over 16 to 21 months 

Over 21 months to 2 years 

Over 2 to 2\ years 

Over 2|- to 3 years 

Over 3 to 4 years 

Over 4 to 5 years 

Over 5 to 10 years 

Over 10 to 15 years 

Over 15 years 

Total 



27.24 
19.31 
9.66 
3.79 
6.21 
4.48 
5.17 
6.55 
5.86 
3.79 
4.83 
2.07 
1.03 



27.03 
26.54 
4.91 
7.86 
10.81 
2.70 
2.46 
4.18 
5.16 
2.70 
4.42 
.25 



290 



100. 00 



100. 00 



The commission presents a table showing for 19 months the number 
of employees leaving each month, which is interesting and impor- 
tant in its bearing on the shifting of employees in the telephone busi- 
ness. It shows that out of 285 employees on the pay rolls January 
1, 1907, but 155 remained August 1, 1908, a loss of 130, or 46 per 
cent in the 19 months. ( a ) 

MONTHLY RATE OF LEAVING THE SERVICE FOR 285 EMPLOYEES ON THE PAY 
ROLLS OF THE MILWAUKEE EXCHANGES JANUARY 1, 1907. 

[This table relates only to the 285 employees on the pay rolls at the beginning of the period; with this number 
as a basis, the rates of leaving the service shown in the last column have been computed by this bureau.] 



Month. 



Employees 
remaining 
the first of 
each month 



Employees 

leaving 
service dur- 
ing month 



Rate of 

leaving 

(per cent). 



January... 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 
October... 
November. 
December. 



1907. 



January . . 
February. 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August... 



1908. 



285 
269 
260 
250 
240 
228 
216 
206 
198 
190 
185 
181 



176 
174 
171 
168 
166 
162 
160 
155 



5.61 
3.16 
3.51 
3.51 
4.21 
4.21 
3.51 
2.81 
2.81 
1.75 
1.40 
1.75 



.70 

1.05 
1.05 

.70 
1.40 

.70 
1.75 



Of the employees on the pay roll at the beginning of 1907, as shown 
in the preceding table, 109 left the service during 1907. The causes 

a Decision and order of the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin in Lorenz and Lorenz 
et al v . Wisconsin Telephone Co., p. 67. 



CHAPTER I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



53 



of dismissal or resignation as stated for these 109 cases were as 
follows :( a ) 

Dismissed : 

1 . Incompetent 21 

2. Poor attendance 2 

3. Insubordination 6 

4. Reduction in force 1 

5. Miscellaneous 2 

Total 32 

Resigned : 

1. Ill health , 14 

2. Dissatisfaction 5 

3. Needed at home r . 2 

4. Married 10 

5. Sickness in family 2 

6. New positions 14 

7. Unknown 21 

8. Miscellaneous 9 

Total 77 

Grand total 109 

The relation between the wage rate and this loss of force which so 
materially shortens the average length of service, and in many cases 
cripples the service to the public, is shown in the following tables 
furnished by the Wisconsin Railroad Commission regarding the Mil- 
waukee exchanges. 

This table shows the number and per cent of telephone operators 
in these exchanges on January 15, 1907, and on January 1, 1908. 
It also shows the number of operators employed at these dates who 
left the service during the years 1907 and 1908, specifying the number 
and per cent of those who received each daily wage at time of leaving : 

NUMBER AND PER CENT OF TELEPHONE OPERATORS IN MILWAUKEE EXCHANGES 
RECEIVING EACH SPECIFIED DAILY WAGE, JANUARY 15, 1907, AND JANUARY 1 
1908, AND NUMBER AND PER CENT, BY WAGE CLASSES, WHO LEFT THE SERVICE 
DURING 1907 AND 1908. 





Operators in 

service January 

15, 1907. 


Operators leav- 
ing during 1907. 


Operators in 

service January 

1, 1908. 


Operators leav- 
ing during 1908. 


Daily wage. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent of 
total 
opera- 
tors. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent of 
total 
leav- 
ing. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent of 
total 
opera- 
tors. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent of 
total 
leav- 
ing. 


$0.50 


22 
58 
47 
47 
55 
27 
24 
3 
7 


7.6 
20.0 
16.2 
16.2 
18.9 
9.3 
8.2 
1.2 
2.4 


18 
24 
18 
11 
19 
7 
10 


16.5 
22.0 
16.5 
10.1 
17.4 
6.4 
9.2 


4 
143 
43 
39 
50 
90 
25 
6 
7 


1.0 

35.1 

10.6 

9.6 

12.3 

22.1 

6.1 

1.5 

1.7 


1 

37 
7 
17 
10 
11 
5 


1.1 


$0.75 


42.0 


$0.85 


8.0 


$1.00 


19.3 


$1.15 


11.4 


$1.25 


12.5 


$1.35 


5.7 


$1.50 




$1.65 


2 


1.8 












Total 


290 


100.0 


109 


100.0 


407 


100.0 


88 


100.0 







a Decision and order of the Railroad Commission of Wisconsin in Lorenz and Lorenz 
et al. v. Wisconsin Telephone Co., p. 70. 



54 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

This table indicates the percentage of operators employed at a 
given wage per day on January 15, 1907, and January 1, 1908, and 
with reference to these operators the percentage of resignations or 
dismissals during 1907 and 1908 falling in the specified wage classes. 
The figures for 1907 show, for instance, that while 7.6 per cent of the 
employees received 50 cents a day on January 15, 1907, 16.5 per cent 
of the resignations or dismissals during 1907, for employees on the 
pay roll January 15, were from this wage class. Twenty per cent 
received 75 cents a day, while 22 per cent of resignations were from 
this wage class. With the exception of those receiving $1.35, the 
per cent of resignations for those receiving $1 and over is below 
the percentage of operators in those classes. In 1908, as the table 
shows, the tendency of the lower paid employees to leave is very 
marked, the 50-cent rate having been practically abolished, and 
35.1 per cent receiving 75 cents a day on January 1, 1908, while 
42 per cent of the resignations during 1908 are from those at that 
rate. The resignation per cent falls below the employment per cent 
after the wages reach $1.15 per day. 

So far, therefore, as quality of service to the public depends upon 
length of service of the corps of operators in any given exchange, 
these figures seem to show that the quality can be improved and 
length of service materially increased on the average by raising the 
standard of wages to a point where excessive resignations cease. 

TEAM WORK. 

As stated above, the new operator is placed between two more 
experienced ones, who help her at times by reaching over from either 
side and plugging in on her calls. This is also done whether the 
operator is experienced or not, if the calls accumulate in one position 
faster than the operator can handle them. In such cases the operator 
on either side will reach over and help; this is called "team work." 
When, however, the load is at its "peak," and everybody has more 
than enough to do, the "team work" theory of lightening the load 
by dividing it practically fails. At such times, however, the super- 
visor may call any operator not busy to plug in and help the girl 
handle her calls. 

The duties of the supervisor consist, first, in walking up and down 
behind the operators at work and seeing that they properly attend to 
their duties, and secondly, in assisting operators who are unable to 
handle the calls that come in. This the supervisor does by calling 
out the number of the signal or subscriber who is calling but who 
is not receiving attention because of the number of other calls coming 
in to that position; and any operator hearing the number so called 
who is not busy is expected to plug in on that number and make 
the connection. This is made possible by the fact, already referred 



CHAPTEK I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 55 

to, that all the lines entering a given exchange are looped throughout 
the entire board, so that any number may be reached from any sec- 
tion on the board. In tins way the supervisors are able to assist 
materially in distributing the load and relieving an operator who 
may be temporarily swamped with calls. Even this, however, fails 
to be very effective when all the positions are being taxed to their 
capacity. 

SUPERVISION. 

The assistance rendered the operator by the supervisor is un- 
questioned; her presence, however, adds materially to the mental 
and nervous strain of the work, especially if she is herself nervous 
and irritable. Each supervisor supervises the work of a given 
number of girls, and the knowledge of the continual presence of a 
watcher at their back, especially where it is not a personally sym- 
pathetic watching, creates of itself an element of the nervous strain. 

The position of monitor is another of the supervisory positions. 
Of these there are few as compared with supervisors, and they are 
not in view of the operators. The monitor has a board which may be 
called an observation board, which is connected with every position 
in the exchange, and from which she can plug in on any operator and 
follow her work in detail, hear the calls made, replies given, and the 
entire method of handling the calls. Without discussing the neces- 
sity which the companies claim of such close and double supervision 
of the work, the consciousness of being under unremitting surveil- 
lance of this character is admittedly a contributory element in the 
nervous strain of operators. 

In connection with the supervision of the operators' work, besides 
supervisors and monitors most companies maintain a corps of 
" service testers." They are men who send in calls from various 
public and private telephones as though they were subscribers, in 
order to test the condition of the lines as well as of the service rendered. 
It is usual for companies to make a monthly service report in which 
all errors recorded by the "testers" are given under the name of the 
operator on whose position the error occurred. Gradings of opera- 
tors' standing is made from this record. An operator who gets a low 
grade becomes more nervous out of fear that any call may be one 
sent in by a tester. In one city prizes are given to the day force 
and evening force of the two offices showing the best service record 
for the month. These prizes are usually in the form of books or 
pictures for the rest rooms, and are the source of much pleasure to 
the winning offices. On the other hand, when, near the end of the 
month, two or three offices have about the same service standing, 
the strain on the operators is severe. The service prize is, therefore, 
not an unmixed blessing for the operator. 



56 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

THE PUBLIC AND THE OPERATOR. 

The most serious and important cause of nervousness and confusion 
comes from the subscribers themselves. To make this clear, and 
at the risk of some repetition, let us watch an operator at her work 
during the "peak of the load." The lines terminating in her position 
are, we will say, 100, that is 100 telephone users send their call signals 
directly in the first instance to her position. With each call a light 
flashes on a signal cap in front of her. Several lamps glow simul- 
taneously, showing that a number of users are calling for numbers at 
the same time. She is expected to give all the quickest possible 
service in the order in which their calls come in, but when several 
signals come at once and others come before these can be cared for 
the order of calls is necessarily lost and the effort is concentrated 
merely on clearing the board, or catching up. It must not be for- 
gotten that with each signal there is not only the flashing of a small 
light in the operator's eyes, but there is a clicking sound in her ears 
through the receivers fastened to her head. So when the impatient 
subscriber, angry because his call has not been answered, moves the 
receiver hook of his 'phone up and down rapidly, he flashes the 
signal light in front of the operator, and produces a click in her 
ears every time the hook goes up and down. The consciousness of 
numbers of people waiting for call connections she is unable to 
make, and that each one is growing more impatient each second; 
that a supervisor is standing behind her either hurrying her or calling 
her numbers to be taken by other operators; that a monitor may 
plug in and criticise any moment — these, with the height of up-reach 
and length of side-reach, go to form the elements of strain on the 
operator who is "overloaded." 

What makes the condition worse is that when she reaches- the call of 
an irritated subscriber and says "Number please," instead of giving 
the number the "party" begins to scold and demands to know why 
he has waited so long. She is not allowed by the rules of most com- 
panies to answer this, but may only repeat "Number please" until the 
caller gives the number so that she can make the connection. For 
with most companies the operator may not "talk back" no matter 
how much she is being abused by a subscriber; the only words she 
dare use over a 'phone are the set phrases printed in her book of 
instructions and which are supposed to cover all possible contin- 
gencies. If anything beyond set phrases must be said, the operator 
must connect the calling party with the "information desk," as only 
"information operators"" may answer any questions or make any 
explanations. 

But all this has delayed the work of the operator, increased the 
number waiting for connections, and irritated more subscribers who 
will scold when she asks them for "Number please." 



CHAPTER I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 57 

If the people who put off their morning telephoning until 11.30 
and their afternoon telephoning until 5 p. m. would remember that 
by so doing they are coming in with the general rush which makes up 
the "peak of the load" and that they can not expect as prompt serv- 
ice as at other hours; and that the operator will doubtless answer 
their calls just as quickly as she can, and above all, that to scold her 
when she does answer instead of giving her the number wanted 
delays and obstructs the service at the most unfortunate time and in 
the most useless way, the working life of the telephone operators 
would be easier. 

It must be said that it is only when these rush periods last for a 
considerable time that they become a source of serious strain. 

TIME LIMIT FOR MAKING CONNECTIONS. 

The time limit for making connections is exceedingly short by the 
regulations of some companies ; others have very liberal limits ; while 
some have no regulations at all. 

The following table will show the range and general trend of the 
rules of various companies relative to this matter: 

TIME ALLOWANCE FOR HANDLING CALLS REPORTED BY VARIOUS COMPANIES. 



Classified time allowance for handling calls — "A" board. 



Number of 
companies. 



Under 4 seconds 

4 and under 5 seconds. 

5 and under 6 seconds . 

6 and under 8 seconds. 
8 seconds and over . . . 



a 15 
5 



Total companies having regulations. 
Companies having no regulations 



Total companies reporting. 



39 



a Including the Chicago Telephone Company, in which the allowance is 3 to 4 seconds in 3 exchanges. 

In case of the "A" board operator a number of distinct operations 
for each local and for each trunked call is required. The "A" board 
is that which originally receives the call of a subscriber; the "B" 
board is the one used when calls for a party whose 'phone has its "A" 
board connection in another exchange is transferred to the exchange 
having power to make the connection. That is to say, if the owner 
of telephone Main 101 wants to call Main 125 he takes down the 
receiver, which signals the operator in the position where his 
'phone line enters the exchange; when this operator answers, and he 
gives the number Main 125, she plugs in on that number and the 
connection is complete. This is an untrunked or "A" board call. 
If the owner of Main 101 wants a man whose number is Central 205, 
his signal is to the same operator as before (from his 'phone he can 



58 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

signal no one else) . When this operator gets his number, she signals 
another operator at whose position the wires from other exchanges 
connect with Main ; this is an outgoing trunked call which is trunked 
to Central when the connection with Central 205 is made. At Cen- 
tral this becomes an incoming trunked call, or call originating out- 
side the exchange. 

In the large city exchanges most of the originating or "A" board 
calls are trunked out to other exchanges, and in these become incom- 
ing trunked calls. In the Harrison Exchange in Chicago 75 per 
cent of all originating calls are trunked to other exchanges, while in 
the Courtland Exchange in New York City 90 per cent of calls are 
trunked out. 

The number of distinct operations or movements which the "A" 
board operator must perform for each call, and each kind of call, is 
made sufficiently clear by the following extracts, from the lessons 
used in one of the training schools. 



( 1 ) When a subscriber takes the receiver off the hook of his telephone 
the line and pilot lamp signals light up in front of "A" operator. 

(2) She picks up an inside cord, known as an answering cord, 
inserts the plug in answering jack above the line lamp signal, and at 
the same time throws the corresponding listening key toward the 
face of switchboard. The plug puts out the lights, and the key 
enables operator to talk to subscriber. 

(3) In a clear, distinct tone, with the rising inflection on the word 
"please, " she says, " Number, please? " " Number, please? " to be 
repeated if no response is received the first time. If subscriber 
can not be heard, operator will say, " Please come closer to your 
telephone. " 

If subscriber fails to give name of the exchange wanted, operator 
will say, "What exchange, please?" 

If subscriber gives name of exchange, but omits number, operator 
will say, "What number, please? " 

(4) The subscriber gives number wanted, "Central 128. " Operator 
repeats it back to subscriber, separating the figures, as, "Central 
one- two-eight. " 

(5) She then picks up outside cord, known as the connecting cord, 
corresponding to answering cord in use, locates multiple jack of 
Central 128, and lightly taps the tip of plug against the outer rim of 
multiple jack three times, resting on the last stroke. 

(6) If no sound is heard, connecting cord is inserted in multiple 
jack, 

(7) And the corresponding ringing key drawn toward operator 
steadily for at least two seconds, thus enabling her to ring the bell 
on the called party's instrument, after which the key is allowed to 
fall back to the normal or vertical position, thus leaving the line 
clear for both parties to talk. The insertion of the plug causes the 
lamp on the connecting cord to light up. The lamp remains lighted 
until the called party lifts the receiver off the hook of telephone, 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 59 

when it will go out, both cord lamps remaining out while the parties 
are talking. 

(8) When both parties are through talking and hang receivers on 
the hooks, both cord lamps will light up again. Operator then dis- 
connects by taking down inside cord first and then outside cord, 
and restoring them to their regular positions. Operator will always 
disconnect when the inside lamp lights, or both, but not when only 
outside lamp lights. 

The cord lamps are called supervisory signals or disconnect signals. 

DESCRIPTION OF A "b" CONNECTION. 

(1) When an "A" operator in an exchange receives an order for a 
number in another exchange, she closes listening key, 

(2) and depresses call-circuit key to exchange wanted (being care- 
ful not to break in on the order wire), thereby connecting her opera- 
tor's set with that of the "B" operator's set in the distant exchange, 
and gives number called for. 

(3) "B" operator assigns "A" operator a trunk line number, and 

(4) "A" operator releases order wire key, 

(5) and opening listening key^ 

(6) tests trunk line assigned; if no sound is received 

(7) she inserts the plug in a trunk line jack, 

(8) and closes the listening key. 

(9) When called party lifts receiver off the hook of telephone, the 
outside supervisory lamp goes out, both lamps remaining out while 
parties are talking. When both parties are through talking and 
hang receivers on hooks again, this action throws a light on the "A" 
operator's disconnect signals, who will disconnect by taking down 
her inside cord first, and then the outside cord; the act of taking 
down the outside cord or removing it from the trunk line assigned 
throws a light on the "B" operator's disconnect signal, who will dis- 
connect by taking down her trunk line cord and restoring it to its 
regular position. 

"B" board operators, handling only incoming trunked calls, have 
very much less to do than "A" board operators — that is, there are 
few operations or movements to be performed, and the question of 
load seldom becomes serious; 500 or 600 calls per hour really amounts 
to no more in actual work than 225 for an " A" board operator. For 
this reason, the "load" of "B" operators has been here ignored. 

BREAKING POINT OF EFFICIENCY. 

All companies periodically take a record of the number of calls 
entering each position in each exchange during the twenty-four hours 
of the day for which these records are made. They are called "peg 
counts." The purpose in taking them is primarily to furnish data to 
equalize the load between the several positions or operators in the 
exchange. They may of course be used by local managers occasion- 
ally to "equalize" the load up to the breaking point for all at all 
hours, but it must in fairness be said that these cases do not consti- 
tute the rule — in fact, are exceptional. 



60 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

It is generally conceded that more than 225 calls an hour is not 
desirable from any point of view. Most of the experts for the com- 
panies consider 225 calls an hour as the " breaking point of effi- 
ciency" or the number which can not be exceeded greatly or for many 
minutes at a time without seriously impairing the service rendered 
by the company to the public. It is safe to say that the " breaking 
point" of the operator's health is not far from the breaking point of 
efficient work. 

It must be remembered, however, that where the operator has fre- 
quent lulls in the load, sudden spurts may come when for a few min- 
utes she may handle calls at the rate of 600 or even more an hour 
without serious danger to herself or detriment to the service; in the 
continuity of high pressure lies the danger to the nervous system of 
the operator as well as to the efficiency of her work. 

In the general Table I, E, pages 145 to 150 of this report, will be 
found the average number of calls per hour, by cities, taking all 
the exchanges from which peg counts were secured for this report. 

To give this information in a more detailed way, the accompany- 
ing table shows by specific exchanges in selected cities the average 
number of calls for each hour of the day. This is followed by diagrams 
showing the gradual rise of the traffic curve until the peak of the 
morning load is reached, its decline after the lunch hour arrives, and 
its rise to the peak of the afternoon load; the operator's curve 
accompanying it. 

These have been selected to show both business and residence 
district exchanges. 

Accepting an average of 225 calls an hour as the breaking point, 
a glance at the table shows a number of exchanges in various cities 
where that point is exceeded on the average for all operators in the 
exchange. In some it is exceeded for several hours at a time. When 
the average for a very large number of operators exceeds 225 calls per 
hour there is a probability at least that individual positions or oper- 
ators are greatly exceeding this; and that to make up this average 
for an hour, there must be times when the individual loads would 
seem excessive. 

The first table, which is for such exchanges only as employ six 
operators or more, deals for the most part with the larger cities, and 
shows continuous excess " loading" to be more pronounced in the 
Pacific coast cities than elsewhere, though some southern cities 
carry a very high average for considerable periods of time. 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



61 



EXCHANGES EMPLOYING SIX OPERATORS OR MORE IN WHICH PEG COUNT EXCEEDS 

225 CALLS PER HOUR. 



Company 



Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co. 
Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co. 



Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co . 



Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co. 
Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co . . 



Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co. 



Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co . 



Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co . 



Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph 
Co. 



Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph 
Co. 



City. 



East St. Louis, 111 
Louisville, Ky — 
Nashville, Tdhn.. 

Kansas City, Mo . 

St. Joseph, Mo... 
Chanute, Kans . . . 

Sedalia, Mo 

St. Paul, Minn... 

Los Angeles, Cal. 



Portland, Oreg 



San Francisco, Cal. 



Seattle, Wash. 



Atlanta, Ga. 



Birmingham, Ala. 



Exchange. 



East St. Louis 

South 

Main 

Main 

Hickory 

West 

Main 

Chanute 

Sedalia 

Dale 

East 

Boyle 

South 

Tabor 

East 

Douglas 

Market 

Franklin 

West 

Ballard 

Queen Anne . . 

North 

Main 

Ivy 

Main 



Hour 
ending- 



9 a. m. 
12 m. 

9 p. m. 
10 a. m. 

2 p. m. 

3 p. m. 
10 a. m. 

7 p. m. 
9 a. m. 
9 p. m. 

8 p. m. 
2 p. m. 
7 p. m. 

9 a. m. 
10 a. m. 

7 a. m. 
9 a. m. 
10 a. m. 

6 p.m. 

7 p.m. 

8 p.m. 

9 p.m. 
8 a. m. 
8 p.m. 
8 p.m. 

8 a. m. 

9 a. m. 
2 p.m. 

10 a. m. 

11 a. m. 
8 p.m. 

11 a. m. 

8 p.m. 
7 a. m. 

11 p.m. 

9 a. m. 
11 a. m. 

2 p. m. 

3 p. m. 

4 p. m. 

7 p. m. 

8 p. m. 

10 a. m. 

10 a. m. 

11 a. m. 

5 p. m. 

9 a. m. 

5 p. m. 

6 p. m. 
10 a. m. 

12 m. 

4 p.m. 

10 a. m. 

7 p.m. 

8 p. m. 
8 p.m. 

10 a. m. 

11 p. m. 



Num- 
ber of 
calls. 



248.5 
230.8 
229.9 
227.7 
234.9 
225.6 
256.3 
231.4 
260.4 
230.8 
281.7 
232.5 
225.4 
230. 2 
233.8 
240.6 
249.3 
229.3 
232.4 
285.2 
317.0 
303.0 
267.4 
225.7 
251.2 
263.5 
238.7 
227.8 
246.0 
247.5 
241.4 
241.0 
231.6 
226.0 
266.0 
279.0 
229.4 
255.1 
247.7 
308.3 
241.9 
230.5 
258.3 
242.6 
228.8 
235.8 
226.3 
228.7 
232.8 
283.2 
243.2 
225.6 
231.6 
238.7 
234.2 
239.2 
232.6 
232.2 
301.5 



It was found that loads beyond the accepted breaking point were 
frequently found in the small as well as in the large exchanges. 
While the average load in an exchange where no more than five 
operators are employed may not mean such extremes of high loads 
for individuals as in larger exchanges, yet it does probably mean a 
higher load for everybody. The table following gives the average 
load per hour, where that average exceeds 225 calls, in the small 
exchanges employing less than six — that is, five or less switchboard 
operatives. 



62 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



EXCHANGES EMPLOYING LESS THAN SIX OPERATORS IN WHICH PEG COUNT 
EXCEEDS 225 CALLS PER HOUR. 



Company. 


City. 


Exchange. 


Hour 
ending— 


Num- 
ber of 
calls. 




St. Louis, Mo 


Kirkwood 

Smithville 


8a.m... 
7p.m... 
8 p.m... 
8 a.m... 
8 a.m... 

8 a.m... 

9 a.m... 

10 a.m.. 
6 p.m... 
10 a. m.. 
2p. m... 
8 a. m. . . 

8 a.m... 

9 a. m... 

10 a.m.. 
5p. m... 
10 a.m.. 

I p. m... 
8p. m... 

9 a. m... 
3 p. m... 

6 p.m... 

7 p. m... 

8 p. m... 
6p. m... 

7 p. m... 

8 p. m.., 

8 a. m. . . 

10 a. m. . 
5 p. m... 
7 p. m... 
10 a. m. . 
2p. m... 
3 p. m... 
10 a. m.. 

II a. m. . 
6p. m... 
1 p. m... 

9 a. m. .. 
7p. m... 
12 m.... 


243.0 


Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co 


Smithville, Mo 


241.0 




237.0 




Kirksville, Mo 


Kirksville 

South 


226.5 




St. Joseph, Mo 


262.5 








235 5 








283 5 








275.5 








231.5 




Fort Scott, Kans 


Fort Scott 


226.2 
249.3 




Arkansas City, Kans 

Coffey ville, Kans 


Arkansas City... 
Coffey ville 


285.7 
229.3 
252.3 








237.5 








233.0 




Hutchinson, Kans 


Hutchinson 


242.7 
264.0 








310.3 






Iola... 


237.8 




Independence, Mo 


Independence. . . 


253.3 

278.3 








263.5 








270.0 






Carrollton. 


242.8 






264.2 








246.3 




Council Grove, Kans 


Council Grove. . 


235.0 
230.0 








232.5 








254.7 




Marion, Kans 




292.0 








269.0 








275.0 




Maryville, Mo 


Maryville 


232.0 






245.0 








230.0 








257.0 


Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co. . . 


Sioux Falls, S. Dak 

Stillwater, Minn 

Owatonna, Minn 


Sioux Falls 

Stillwater 

Owatonna 


256.8 
243.0 
233.0 



In the matter of efficiency of service rendered the public it is the 
common experience of telephonecompaniesthatanunderloadisas bad, 
if not worse, than an overload, and that unless an operator has work 
enough to require constant attention she is liable to do poorly the 
little she has to do. Operators very generally agree with the mana- 
gers upon this point. 

While of course the real test of load is the individual load, yet in 
the absence of individual record the average hourly record by typical 
exchanges becomes of importance. The table following relating to 
typical exchanges of the Bell system in both business and residential 
districts of large cities and smaller towns gives an idea of the general 
range of " traffic loads" in telephone offices: 



CHAPTER I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



63 



NUMBER OF OPERATORS AND AVERAGE CALLS PER OPERATOR DURING EACH 
HOUR OF THE DAY IN TYPICAL EXCHANGES OF SELECTED CITIES AND TOWNS. 





San Francisco, 
Cal.: Kearny. 


San Francisco, 
Cal.: West. 


Atlanta, Ga.: 
Main (busi- 
ness). 


Atlanta, Ga.: 
Ivy (residence). 


Minneapolis 
Minn.: South. 


Hour ending— 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


1 a. m 


3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

6 
19 
40 
40 
38i 
27§ 
36 
37 
36J 
32 
16J 

6 

5 

3 

3 

3 

3 


16.0 

7.3 

4.3 

2.3 

8.0 

13.7 

30.3 

103.5 

151.1 

202.9 

188.4 

169.4 

169. 8 

162.2 

179.5 

183.3 

213.9 

185.8 

65.5 

123.2 

39.7 

16.3 

40.0 

25.3 


4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

9| 
24 
31 
31 
29 
25| 
25! 
24J 
22! 
25 
25 
25 
25 
24J 
14 

6 

4 


14.5 

9.8 

9.0 

9.8 

11.5 

14.3 

25.5 

144.9 

200.4 

242. 6 

191.9 

194.5 

186.7 

210.8 

157.3 

142.6 

152.6 

179.6 

150.0 

219.0 

151.6 

68.1 

57.5 

64.5 


3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

5 

13 

25 

37 

40 

41 

36 

35 

34 

36 

36 

36 

36 

31 

25 

20 

11 

6 

3 


37.0 

27.7 

16.0 

15.7 

81.3 

106.0 

55.2 

107.0 

160.5 

238.7 

215.8 

181.3 

181.7 

198.8 

163.8 

195.9 

204.6 

193.7 

234.2 

239.2 

120.7 

90.1 

24.5 

57.0 


2 
6 
8 

13 
9 
9 
9 
9 

10 

10 
8 

10 
7 
5 
4 
3 
2 
1 


5.0 
6.0 

"*74 "6" 
151.0 
135.7 
186.5 
153.8 
137. 2 
129.4 
109.1 
114.8 
115.8 
130.8 
111.6 
111.7 
157.7 
232.6 
199.0 
132.3 
27.0 
23.0 


h 
i 
h 
I 

i 

• J 

7 

18 
19J 
19| 
19 
13 
12! 
13 
13 
12! 
15 
13 
13 
13 

8! 

3! 

1! 


68 




36 




30 


4 a. m 


18 




16 




16 


7 a. m 


94 


8 a. m 


113 




183 


10 a. m 


214 


11 a. m 


169 


12 m 


129 




166 




204 


3 p. m 


154 




128 




140 




130 




118 




144 




85 


10 p. m 


47 




55 


12 p. m 


98 







Hour ending— 


Minneapolis, 
Minn.: Main. 


New Orleans, 

La.: Hemlock 

(residence). 


New Orleans, 
La.: Main 
(business). 


New York, 

N. Y.: Broad 

Central 

(business). 


New York, 
N. Y.: River- 
side Central 
(residence). 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


1 a. m 


2 
1! 
1| 
1§ 

H 

2 

2! 

7! 
24 
26 
26 
24! 
22 
23! 
26 
25 
23 
24! 

m 

13" 
12 

11 

7! 
2! 


42.5 
49.3 
44.0 
40.0 
38.0 
35.0 
58.0 
72.0 
139.5 
193.0 
186.7 
192.7 
190.8 
145.0 
140.1 
123.0 
152.9 
141.5 
121.4 
133.8 
93.7 
102.5 
64.1 
92.0 


3 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
6 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
5 
3 
3 


26.3 
17.0 
12.0 
19.0 
23.0 
25.3 
62.7 
68.0 
98.3 
125.4 
135.6 
125.8 
102.0 
104.3 
108.2 
96.5 
97.8 
112.5 
115.0 
112.4 
67.9 
82.4 
60.3 
28.7 


8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

10 
25 
52 
52 
52 
52 
51 
51 
51 
51 
51 
43 
43 
43 
15 
8 
8 
8 


53.3 
34.5 
27.1 
24.8 
22.1 
32.4 
42.3 
64.6 
124.8 
206.2 
190.4 
154.1 
115.3 
105.3 
179.5 
169.8 
149.0 
135.2 
82.0 
83.6 
161.1 
125.0 
86.0 
64.3 


4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

5 

8 

10 

15 

50 

76 

76 

76 

76 

76 

76 

76 

53 

27 

10 

10 

8 

7 

6 


""6*3" 

"""i.'5* 

1.2 

7.8 

11.4 

47.6 

119.8 

128.1 

124.8 

89.4 

91.3 

106.2 

108.6 

89.7 

61.1 

41.1 

20.8 

8.3 

3.9 

1.1 

1.5 


9 
9 
8 
6 
8 
9 

15 
20 
34 
45 
45 
40 
42 
38 
38 
33 
33 
34 
33 
32 
31 
22 
15 
11 


7.6 


2 a. m 


6.2 




2.9 




1.5 




1.5 


6 a. m 


2.6 


7 a. m 


7.9 


8 a. m 


49.1 


9 a. m 


88.9 


10 a. m 


144.1 


11 a. m 


121.0 


12 m 


114.1 




98.4 


2 p. m 


99.7 


3 p. m 


95.7 




90.6 




86.7 


6 p. m 


104.1 


7 p. m 


108.5 




105.8 




75.6 


10 p. m 


47.5 




29.6 


12p. m 


15.6 







64 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



NUMBER OF OPERATORS AND AVERAGE CALLS PER OPERATOR DURING EACH 
HOUR OF THE DAY IN TYPICAL EXCHANGES OF SELECTED CITIES AND TOWNS— 
Concluded. 





Chicago, 111.: 
Central. 


Chicago, 111.: 
Harrison. 


Stillwater, 
Minn. 


Coffeyville, 
Kans. 


Independence, 
Mo. 


Hour ending— 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Opera- 
tors. 


Calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 




6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

8 

22 

97 

111 

111 

111 

105 

103 

111 

111 

111 

106 

70 

41 

41 

41 

8 

8 


19.8 

12.7 

9.8 

6.3 

3.5 

4.7 

16.6 

40.7 

80.2 

172.7 

178.6 

176.7 

151.2 

163.0 

170.5 

168.4 

176.9 

124.0 

76.9 

47.0 

29.2 

12.5 

60.4 

27.4 


7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

27 

76 

95 

95 

95 

80 

88 

95 

95 

95 

87 

60 

37 

35 

29 

7 

7 


35.4 

16.1 

10.6 

9.3 

10.3 

15.0 

30.9 

23.7 

94.5 

173.1 

170.0 

157.1 

154.4 

158.9 

149.4 

156.0 

171.7 

136.8 

58.5 

54.5 

42.9 

26.5 

43.4 

67.1 
















































2 
2 
2 
2 
3 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
2 


142.0 

25.0 

57.0 

76.0 

229.3 

252.3 

237.5 

203.8 

151.8 

145.0 

186.8 

147.5 

182.3 

233.0 

193.0 

176.8 

102.8 

76.0 

79.0 


1 
1 
1 
3 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
2 


5.0 








14.0 


6 a. m 

7 a. m 


1 

1 

2 

4 

4 

4 

3£ 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

1 

1 


20.0 

38.0 

174.5 

159.8 

173.5 

152.0 

128.6 

184.0 

133.3 

149.7 

107.3 

144.0 

127.7 

243.0 

204.7 

86.0 

43.5 

28.0 

15.0 


22.0 
74.3 




145.3 


9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12 m 


194.3 
206.3 
161.0 
151.3 




146.5 


2p. m 

3p.m 


164.0 
253.3 
197.3 




168.0 


6 p. m 


278.3 




263.5 


8p.m 


270.0 
77.8 


10 p. m 


92.0 


11 p. m 




12p. m 


2 


121.0 


1 


12.0 







Several graphics or diagrams, to better illustrate the "load" in a 
telephone exchange, are printed on the pages following. 

The first diagram shows the "operating curve" for an exchange 
in the business district of Boston. The figures at the left margin 
indicate the number of calls and are to be read by the lighter lines, 
which show the calls at the time of day indicated by the hours shown 
at the base. There are two of these lighter lines, one showing origi- 
nating or "A" board calls; the other incoming calls trunked from 
other exchanges, or "B" board calls. The heavy lines indicate the 
operators, both U A" board and "B" board, as they relate to the 
number of calls. 

For instance, at 8 a. m. the number of "A" board operators coming 
on increases from approximately 35 to 225, and the "A" board calls 
run up to the "peak of the morning load" considerably before 10 
o'clock. There are more than 30,000 calls with approximately 275 
operators to handle them. By about 12.15 p. m. this load has run 
down to less than 25,000, when it starts upward again toward "the 
peak of the afternoon load." The disparity between the number of 
trunk calls and the number of "B" board operators as compared 
with originating calls and "A" board operators as here graphically 
shown has been explained before by the fact that a girl can handle 
twice as many calls on a "B " board as she can on an "A" board. 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



65 




29480— S. Doc. 380, 61- 



66 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 




CHAPTEB 1. UENRRAL DISCUSSION. 



67 



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TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION, 



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CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 69 

The second diagram is for an exchange in the residential districts 
of Boston, and when taken in connection with the first diagram shows 
the hours at which "social calls" are most numerous as contrasted 
with calls in a business district or exchange. 

The third and fourth diagrams are for Cincinnati, and while con- 
structed on a different scheme, show the same facts, and will be 
easily understood even though one line is made to show the curve 
for both calls and operators. 

The Royal Commission of Canada in its report on a dispute " be- 
tween the Bell Telephone Company of Canada (Limited) and opera- 
tors at Toronto, Ont." (pp. 65-78), goes more fully into the health 
conditions and consequences of employment for the telephone oper 
ator than has been done anywhere else. It has been thought highly 
important to give a brief summary of that report. Before doing so 
it seems necessary to preface such summary with an explanation of 
the situation the commission was facing. 

The Bell Telephone Company at Toronto had for a series of years 
conducted its exchanges on a basis of a five-hour high-speed work- 
day for switchboard operators. The girls came to work in relays in 
such a way that they were worked to as near the "breaking point" 
as possible for five hours, without rest, and then their day's work 
was done. 

The company itself investigated the system and decided that it 
was bad for the girls, for the company, and for the public. It an- 
nounced that the five-hour day would be abolished and an eight- 
hour day — net working time— established. That is, the system in 
operation in the United States was to be established. The wages 
offered for the eight-hour day were not considered by the employees 
equivalent to the increase of hours, and a strike followed, which 
brought in the Royal Commission to make an inquiry. 

It must therefore be borne in mind that the value of this inquiry 
is upon the result of a continuous heavy load for a considerable period 
of time — five hours — though in a few instances the physicians ex- 
pressed themselves upon conditions quite general in the industry. 

The commission introduces the testimony of physicians with the 
following statement: 

Twenty-six medical practitioners gave evidence before the commission. Of this 
number six appeared at the request of the parties, the remainder were subpoenaed 
at the instance of the commission from among physicians of the city whom it was 
believed could speak with the authority and from a wide range of experience. 

The physicians subpoenaed were nearly all selected from the medical faculty of the 
University of Toronto, and were, without exception, among the leading members of the 
profession in the city. A large number were summoned and attended for the purpose 
of giving testimony, but the evidence given was for the most part so much in accord 
on the main points at issue, that it was deemed unnecessary to prolong the inquiry 
by a further examination of medical witnesses. In no case had the commission any 
knowledge of the probable trend of the evidence to be given until hearing the testi- 
mony as delivered. 



70 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

To secure a careful consideration of the matters on which it was specially desired 
to have an opinion, a memorandum containing mention of the following points was 
given to each witness some time prior to his examination: 
? 'The effect— 

"(a) Under 5-hour system — high pressure. 

"(b) Under 5-hour system — low pressure. 

"(c) Under 8-hour system — high pressure. 

"(d) Under 8-hour system — low pressure. 
"Upon— 

"1. Optic nerve — by lights — finding places for connections. 

"2. Auditory nerve — from calls, buzzing, shocks, etc. 

"3. Vocal organs — continuous calling of numbers. 

"4. Physical system — length of sitting — head and chest gear, reaching. 

"5. Nervous system — from above cause operating together and continuously. 
"If accentuated by system of observation boards, monitors, supervisors, complaints 
of subscribers, etc." 

The following summarizes as briefly as possible the material in the 
report: 

Dr. Murray MacFarlane, eye and ear specialist, 15 or 16 years in Toronto, had treated 
a considerable number of these employees of the telephone company suffering from 
eye strain principally, also from nervous affection of the ear, did not find any disease 
due particularly to the flashing of the lights, and the switchboard — watching the 
lights continually is more or less hard on the eyes, helps to increase the strain, 5 hours 
work too long; one stretch of 5 hours easier than two stretches of 4 hours; two stretches 
of 3 hours easier, as there is longer time to recuperate. Eye, ear and throat are all 
strained in this work, and the brain interpreting the operation of the three would use 
up energy, sitting in one position objectionable, putting up plugs physical exertion, 
increases the strain. Eight hours with an interval too hard, sooner have 5 hours' work, 
and it over with. 

Dr. William Britton, practicing 31 years, Toronto, representative of the University 
of Toronto and Medical Council, attended employees. Many suffering from nervous 
debility occasioned by the strain of that particular work, so far as he could determine, 
upon the nervous system, which includes the senses of hearing, speaking, seeing and 
using arms causing too much strain upon the nerve center, the brain ; 5 hours continu- 
ous work at the extreme limit of speed with headgear on, sitting in a chair would have 
a deleterious effect upon the constitution and nervous system. Not only are the 
special senses active but there is the closest of attention apparently which can't be 
kept up for any length of time without affecting the nervous system to some degree. 
Not a wholesome employment no matter what length of hours — 5 hours under the 
conditions stated is a great deal too much, where there is delay in giving necessary 
relief, exceedingly dangerous. A large number of the operators as seen by me at work 
looked as though they should have been at home resting; their faces showed indica- 
tions of weakness on account of the strenuous employment — in their own interest as 
well as future posterity — 5-hour system, low pressure well within capabilities of oper- 
ator would be reasonable. * * * The period of work should be divided with a 
rest. Finding holes greater strain on eyes than lights although lights a constant strain 
upon the eyes. 

* * * The frequent buzzing in the ear and flashing of lights would be injurious 
to the nerve center and also if subscriber found fault with operator. Vocal organs not 
affected as much as the auditory or optic nerves although it would help to tire the 
whole system. Reaching for the high numbers would injuriously affect the nervous 
system. From noticing a good many cases that came before me, I have been led to 
the conclusion that the service is exacting; in a number of cases of young ladies whom 
I had known as the physician of the family, before they entered into the telephone 
service and were apparently healthy, after a length of service in the telephone office, 
I had to prescribe for them for various types of nervous debility, and my advice to 
the majority of them was to discontinue the work. The constant listening and keen 
buzzing mean a state of tension of the nervous system all the time; 15 minutes' relief 
would be a very slight one. * * * Have quite often seen nervous hysteria from 
this nervous strain to the telephone girls. Above all the uninterrupted close vision 
which has been called strenuous, and worry can not be dissociated from their work — 
so very closely watched. 

Dr. Alexander Davidson — practicing 25 years. Five hours continuous quick opera- 
tion most strenuous upon the constitution, sufficient to injure it and the nervous 
system. Would never advise anyone to go into this occupation if they could earn 
their living by any other means equally respectable. Average calls about 360 an 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 71 

hour. With the experience I have had with patients who have consulted me, and with 
what I saw yesterday of the activity with which they work, and the conditions under 
which they were acting, I should think that 2 or 3 years would have a very serious 
effect upon many of the individuals whose faces I saw there yesterday. Those I 
treated were suffering from the wearing down of the nervous system. * * * Flash- 
ing of lights and making connections with the dazzle of the switchboard holes very 
trying on the optic nerve. Continuous calling of the subscriber and supervisor, a 
great strain on the auditory nerves. Vocal chords as used not very heavy. All con- 
tribute to the debilitating of the nervous system, as also the physical strain in reaching 
and sitting continuously in one position. Twenty minutes' relief in the 4 hours slight, 
not long enough to give recuperation. Don't think of any other kind of employment 
open to women which, for the same period of time, is as exhausting. All the several 
activities at work at the same time have a very trying effect on the nervous system. 

Dr. Charles Sheard, 14 years medical health officer for the city of Toronto, chairman 
of the Provincial Board of Health. The condition under which the telephone girls 
operate, the speed required of them, the supervisors hurrying up the girls who are 
compelled to sit for 5 hours and not allowed to stand, but compelled to sit up straight, 
make it a most extremely severe service. Girls having received shocks would add the 
increment of fear to others. Five hours continuous work at high pressure far too long, 
and in a short time would simply rack and ruin and destroy the nervous system and 
constitution of the operator. All high pressure in the telephone system. * * * 
Twenty minutes is a very trifling rest, although of some use. Know of no other occu- 
pation which constitutes as great a nervous strain as this is. Have given some con- 
sideration to this matter since the trouble arose. 

Dr. Walter McKeown, 16 years practice in Toronto. Have had telephone operators 
as patients suffering from nervous exhaustion. Five hours extreme limit for such 
service with a break in it of an hour. In 8-hour system, the 20 minutes relief would 
not add very much to the rest, although better than 8 hours with only 1 hour relief. 
It is the most exacting service I can conceive of, and would have the effect that 
these girls burn up more energy than they produce, and the time will come when 
they will have a period of nerve exhaustion resulting from the use, at such high 
pressure, of the eye, ear, mouth and the arms and the body, and the reaching and 
stretching and the additional fact that they have got to think constantly. It is not 
automatic. The only occupation like it is that of railway mail clerks, who only 
work each alternate day. The worst condition there is their sitting so close together 
that they must inhale each other's breath. I think operators can't stand more than 
3 years of life of such service on an average. I have given the question considerable 
consideration, and for that reason I know of nothing where the nervous strain is as 
great. You have to use the eye and the brain constantly, and then you have a 
physical exertion, and taking it altogether, I know of no other occupation that 
requires that at such high pressure, and when fear is added it would magnify the 
difficulty. They were going as fast as they could possibly work. 

Dr. James Forfar, practicing 17 years, Toronto. Treated telephone girls for ner- 
vous strain and run-down constitution; rather depleted condition. One I remember 
had a sore on her ear and nervous troubles connected with it; couldn't wear the 
headgear. * * * The switchboard was 3 \ feet high by my rule; operator would 
have to reach up to her limit, eight sections of 9-inch scaler — 72 inches one way. The 
work is injurious to the eyesight in several ways. The flashing of the lights and 
finding the little holes and plugging in, I think, would be injurious; produces head- 
ache constantly looking at the holes and prevents rest, so much so that they can not 
sleep^when they go home; calling out in their sleep No. so-and-so, showing the nerv- 
ous strain, and others have told me that they couldn't eat well, a common thing 
for a nervous person. Take the ears; there is that constant cracking sound in the 
ear by a careless subscriber or somebody calling up a number and snapping these 
poor girls there from morning till night, and even calling them names that they should 
not hear, and even swearing at them, and listening to language not fit for any lady 
to hear. They are compelled to listen to these things. Reaching is hard and inju- 
rious to them; to be sitting all the time in one position; not being able to get up, 
and not being able to be relieved when asked for. 

Dr. Jas. M. Anderson, practicing 20 years, Toronto, specialist in eye, ear, nose, and 
throat. Treated a number of telephone girls, mostly for eye troubles, headache, and 
nervous troubles. Business of a telephone operator is the most trying of any I have 
ever seen, so far as it affects the eyes and through the eyes the general system. Three 
hours twice a day full safe limit of service, with two hours', at least, rest between 
the two periods. Work broken up by intermission during the eight hours better 
than 5 hours straight, and less injurious; if only one hour intermission between the 
two periods of four hours more injurious than five hours straight. The 20 minutes' 
relief in the two periods of four hours a great deal better than the eight hours with 



72 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

one hour, but not of much service and not much difference from the five hours 
straight, although somewhat better. The periods not long enough for rest; five hours 
divided into two periods with an hour for lunch better than any of the other propo- 
sitions, and an operator might do that, but the others would be too great a strain upon 
her. After a service of three or four years would expect to find an exhausted woman- 
hood and unfit for any strenuous work and harmful upon the future motherhood. 

Dr. William H. Alexander, practicing 11 years, Toronto. Treated quite a few 
patients who worked in the telephone company for throat, chest, nervous troubles 
and headaches, resulting from too long continued nervous strain and not being 
allowed to obey the calls of nature when necessary. Five hours too long without a 
rest between. Operating for two or three years in this way would result in a very 
much disturbed condition, and if persisted in would lead to a nervous prostration 
and nervous breakdown. Average girl should not remain longer than three years at 
it, and then would not be in a condition to perform the ordinary occupations of 
womanhood satisfactorily. * * * Twenty minutes' rest in the eight-hour plan 
makes no substantial difference, as it wouldn't be a complete letting alone. Don't 
know of any other occupation which is open to women that necessitates as great a 
nervous strain upon the nervous system as this telephone operating. Nervous system 
particularly sensitive to strain at the ages at which the operators are generally em- 
ployed, somewhere between 17 and 25, and adverse effects are likely to make them- 
selves known after the end of a year or two or three years, and partly later in life. 

Dr. Gideon Silverthorn, practicing 15 years, Toronto. Treated patients who were 
operators for the telephone company. Four cases of electric shocks in summer or 
autumn of 1906; operators on long-distance. * * * I think typewriting would 
be perhaps as great a strain on the nervous system. 

This witness refused to give any expert testimony, as he claimed he had not been 
retained as an expert and not paid fees as an expert. He had attended all the above 
cases at the request of the telephone company and had been paid by the company 
for such services. 

Dr. John F. Uren. Attended telephone girls for fainting caused by heat and ex- 
haustion, have record of 4 times some years ago, paid by the company. Service is 
very exacting, 5 hours quite exhausting and injurious. Eight hours' service with one 
hour of rest would be harder. Would prefer the 5 hours straight to the 8 hours with 
two 20 minutes' relief and the one hour for lunch. Five hours divided into two 
periods of 2\ hours with one hour intermission much more preferable to the straight 
5 hours and quite enough to be exacted from an operator. The effect upon the nerv- 
ous system is through the eyes and ears and operating generally. Would prefer 
lesser load for the 7 hours and 20 minutes work than 5 hours with high pressure. 

Dr. G. Herbert Burnham, practicing twenty years, Toronto, Member of the Faculty 
of Toronto University, filling Chair of Ear and Eye. Telephone work is an arduous 
calling and requires the nervous system to be kept on the constant stretch, and there- 
fore the hours should not be long without a decided intermission. Term of five 
hours spoken of without intermission is too long. With an intermission of an hour 
or so is a decided improvement and would not be too onerous. The eight hours with 
the two 20-minute reliefs and one hour for lunch I would consider a very unsatisfac- 
tory arrangement if I were an operator. The work is a strain upon the nervous system 
as a whole, through the eye and through the ear they are both employed at the same 
time actively; looking in a number of different directions rapidly in succession is 
one factor in regard to the strain, and the other factor is that they know they must be 
continuously on the alert. Must answer questions at once. No hesitation at all. 
They are unable to relax, sitting 5 hours at a stretch is too long. The utmost stretch- 
ing of their arms is a little too great, it is not so much mental exertion as it is mental 
worry by reason of the alertness they have to keep their nervous system in. 

Dr. Charles Trow, practicing in Toronto 17 or 18 years, Professor of Ophthalmology 
and Otology, Eye and Ear work in the Faculty of Medicine, Toronto University. 
The service is very onerous and a continued strain with whatever relief they have 
given them in reduction of load. A woman's nature is peculiarly sensitive to re- 
proaches and to words at any time, and that would intensify the nervousness of their 
calling. Young girls should not work as long as if they were older, as their nervous 
system is more susceptible to strain and an injury to the nervous system at their par- 
ticular age is apt to prove more injurious than a similar injury at a later stage. The 
fact that there is a muscular exertion required in connection with their work and that 
the eye and ear play their part acting in a concerted way to the degree in which they 
do, would have an effect upon the nervous system. 

Dr. William B. Thistle, practicing 18 years, Toronto, Associate Professor of Clinical 
Medicine, Toronto University. Can't think of any other occupation open to women 
in which there is the same strain upon the nervous system as there is in that of tele- 
phone operating, for the same period of time. 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 73 

Dr. Charles R. Clark, Medical Superintendent of the Toronto Asylum, formerly 
Superintendent of the Kingston Asylum, graduate of Toronto University, 1878. Five 
hours a day would be a pretty severe day — a full day, to be divided into two with a 
good period of rest of an hour. The 8 hours, and 7 hours and 20 minutes, no relief 
from the 5 hours straight. Five hours straight would be a strain on the nervous sys- 
tem. Work not automatic, only to a limited extent. It requires a mental effort 
every time. Nervous strain is intense and would react on the physical health in a 
marked way after 3 years' service, and might pass on to the next generation in a more 
striking way than even in the present generation. I am basing that statement on 
my everyday experience with just such cases, having an experience on that kind 
of thing for several years. 

'Q. You think it would be passed on the future generation? 

'A. That is what I preach all the time. 

'Q. Then that being the case, do you believe that it is in the interests of the State 
that it should be prevented, if possible? 

'A. It should be regulated and carefully overlooked. 

'Q. And the over-straining prevented? 

'A. Yes. 

'Q. Then in your mind that is the duty of the State? 

'A. I think so.' 

Dr. J. M. McCallum, practicing in Toronto since 1886, professor of therapeutics and 
teacher in connection with diseases of the eye and ear in Toronto University. 

Have treated some of the telephone operators suffering from their eyes, caused by 
strain. Five hours is certainly close to the maximum. I would prefer it divided in 
two equal periods, with a period of rest in between, say an hour or an hour and a half. 
An operator has to be there all the time, whether answering calls or waiting for calls, 
5 hours continuous service better than the 8 hours or 7 hours and 20 minutes. Result 
of work would be nerve-fagged and might be a nervous break-down if 5 hours con- 
tinued for two or three years. The optic nerve and the nerve governing the ocular 
muscles are elements necessary to be considered, also the lights. We know practi- 
cally that changes in illumination from dark to light do irritate the optic nerve, and 
that is going on there all the time. Another thing that struck me was, I said to myself, 
was it automatic, but I did not think by watching that it was. I did not think they 
could tell where that light was without really looking at it closely. 

'Q. Those lights are liable to flash anywhere along the board? 

'A. Yes. 

'Q. And of course they would have to make thoroughly sure of the number, they 
would have to look at the board, I would imagine? 

'A. The thing that struck me about it was in that very time whether it was automatic 
or not. I watched the girls there, and I saw the girls deliberately run their hands 
along and count the numbers, I asked how long these girls had been there and they 
told me two years and two years and a half; then I came to the conclusion if a girl who 
had been there for three years had to search for it that way, it could not be automatic, 
and there was that strain upon the optic nerve and the muscles of the eyes to get at 
those accurately; I saw difficulty in fitting the plug in, they seemed to scrutinize it 
closely to get that.' 

Flashing in of the light has an irritating effect and in that way injurious. The 
nerves governing the extra ocular muscles which focus the eye upon the object looked 
upon are the nerves where the greatest part of the strain comes. The sound kept up 
for hours must have an effect on the auditory nerves and if for long hours, an injurious 
effect might^ cause deafness. The possibility of receiving shocks would add to the 
nervous strain, effect on vocal organs not much. Their sitting position is cramped 
and for that reason the time should be shortened. Reaching added to the physical 
fatigue. The effect upon the nervous system is through the nerves of the eye and the 
auditory nerves; the reaching is subsidiary, operating together causes the difficulty. 
* * * There is no other occupation that I have seen, in which women may be 
engaged, that occasions quite the same strain to the nervous system as this of telephone 
operating. 

Dr. Robert Dwyer, practicing in Toronto since 1891, for 7 years superintendent of 
St. Michael's Hospital, now visiting physician, associate professor of clinical medicine 
in Toronto University. I find the service intense all the time. Five hours con- 
tinuous service for 2 or 3 years would somewhat injure the nervous system of the 
average operator, the more so, if say, 17, 18, or 19 years of age. If load made so that 
operator could be working continuously within her ability, it would be better for her 
than if she was at times waiting, expecting calls — this thing has very far-reaching 
effects — the telephone company nor the doctors who see the operators do not see the 
final result; after these girls have gone on for 4 or 5 years and served the company, 
and they get married or for other purposes leave, then they turn out badly in their 



74 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

future domestic relations. They break down nervously and have nervous children, 
and it is a loss to the community. 

'Q. Do you think it would be the duty of the State to legislate in matters of this 
kind? 

'A. Very decidedly, that is our experience in the hospitals, especially in the study 
of nervous diseases, and it is becoming a serious problem. It is this sort of thing that 
is laying the foundations of the asylums, and it is dealing with the question now that 
will prevent the building of asylums and the loss of people to the community. 

'Q. Is that a matter of theory or is it based upon facts and conditions as you have 
seen them? 

'A. Facts, as I have seen, not alone here, but in my experience — seen very much 
of too. 

' Q. Do you think you have seen enough of the facts to express the opinion confidently 
which you have given this morning? 

'A. I do.' 

Dr. John Noble, practicing 17 years in Toronto. A telephone operator's work is more 
strenuous than a school-teacher's, I think it is as strenuous as an examiner of papers 
at an examination. I think it is as strenuous as a shorthand reporter. * * * School- 
teachers usually work from 4^ to 5 hours a day, with Saturday and Sunday off; 2 
months' vacation in summer, and 2 weeks at Christmas; no night work, and regular 
hours. * * * I think that after 5 years' continuous work in the telephone office, 
with the hours and under the conditions that are existing there, that she would be 
disqualified to become a wife and mother. * * * If we are to pile so much work 
on young women it will exhibit itself in the future generation, and I believe that is 
the reason of such a marked increase in insanity and such a marked increase in nervous 
prostration all over the country. 

'Q. What would be the effect on the future generation? 

'A. They will have epilepsy and all sorts of nervous diseases.' 

Drs. Alton Garratt and Campbell Meyers had been employed by the telephone 
company, and attended the sittings of the commission listening to the evidence 
adduced, were called on behalf of the telephone company and gave evidence. 

Dr. Alton Garratt, practicing in Toronto 18 years, on the general hospital staff and 
faculty of Toronto University. The 7 hours and 20 minutes actual work, being 4 
hours in the morning with 20 minutes' intermission in the middle, then 1 hour for 
lunch and 4 hours in the afternoon with intermission of 20 minutes in the middle, 
better than 5 hours straight. Five hours straight rather high pressure work, and 
would wear on the average nervous system. Everyone has a breaking point; the 
endurance of anyone will break at some time or other, and I think very few can endure 
strenuous work for 5 hours, either men or women, and they will do more work and better 
work and work longer hours and accomplish more by intervals of rest. Five hours 
divided into two periods of 2\ hours and an intermission of 1 hour between still better, 
but not a full complement of work. Could not state quantity of work an operator 
could do without any strain at all, nor the proper number of hours without knowing 
more about it. Duty of State as far as possible to ameliorate the conditiones of those 
working and to regulate the hours of service and to see that they are remunerated 
sufficiently well to furnish themselves with sufficient food, etc. I don't know what 
is a load, how many calls per hour is a load. Five hours straight too long for a great 
many operators no matter what the load; there is a high tension on the special senses; 
the fact that these special senses are called into operation so much in combination 
and that the muscular activity which has been spoken of. This alertness of the 
faculties catching sounds and such like would have an effect in intensifying the 
nervous strain. 

Dr. Campbell Meyers, practicing 15 years, Toronto. Neurologist in St. Michael's 
Hospital and charge of nervous department in General Hospital. Specialist in nervous 
diseases, and private hospital in Deer Park for nervous diseases only. Five hours 
continuous work at high pressure harder than for 7 hours and 20 minutes with intervals, 
as operators can not work for any continuous time at this pressure; deleterious to their 
health. The work certainly induces nervous strain. Five hours divided into two 
periods with an interval better than the 7 hours and 20 minutes, provided both periods 
kept at a moderate or low pressure. * * * Object to high pressure for any con- 
tinuous period— there is a strain even when operator is sitting waiting for calls. 

Upon this subject of the result of a continuous heavy "load" for 
a long period, the conclusions of the Royal Commission of Canada 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 75 

become especially important because the conditions they had to con- 
sider were those of excessive loads on a five-hour shift. The conclu- 
sions of the commission were in part as follows :(°) 

It remains, finally, to consider a feature subjective or personal in 
kind, and which is at once the distinguishing and most important 
element in the work of telephone operating, namely, the extent to 
which the special senses are called into play and the manner in which 
they are required to act, not only continuously, but concertedly. 
This feature calls for special consideration in estimating the strain to 
which telephone operators are subjected from the nature of their work. 

As has been pointed out, connections on a switchboard are made by 
inserting a small plug in a small hole above which the number of the 
telephone requested appears. The eye is attracted in the first instance 
by the glowing of a light which announces the call. It has then to 
immediately find upon the switchboard the hole in which it is necessary 
to insert the plug to make the desired connection. Similarly, in dis- 
connecting, the eye detects the extinction of the light, and then seeks 
on the switchboard the number with which the connection has been 
made. This means constant employment of the muscles of the eye 
in different directions, and use of the optic nerve. The ear, in 
receiving calls, is required to distinguish between a multitude of 
different voices, to ascertain at once, and so as to avoid repetition, the 
number asked for, no matter how indistinctly or ill-pronounced the 
number may be; this necessitates constant alertness of the auditory 
nerve, whilst the vocal organs are scarcely less constantly in use in 
the answering of calls, the repetition of numbers, and the conducting 
of such conversations as may be necessary. The sensations created 
by the working of the several senses in this manner, transmit their 
several messages to the brain, which, in turn, directs and governs the 
actions they suggest. The brain is the center of the nervous system. 
A mere statement of the case is sufficient to show that viewed from 
this point the rapidity or speed with which operators are called upon 
to carry on their work becomes a matter of great concern, regard 
being had to the mental constitution and nervous system. It is the 
fact that the special senses are called into operation so much in com- 
bination, that the several activities are all at work at the same time, 
which, perhaps, more than anything else, distinguishes telephone 
operating from that of any other employment in which women are 
engaged. It introduces for consideration elements of the first impor- 
tance from the psychological and physiological standpoints. In most 
occupations in which women are employed it is the physical energies 
which are primarily taxed in the labor expended. This is the case 
with most of the work done in factories. It is so, too, with employ- 
ment in shops and stores. No other calling has suggested itself to the 
commission in which the senses of hearing, speech and sight appear 
to be called into play simultaneously to the same extent or required 
to be so constantly on the alert. Even in typewriting and tele- 
graphing, to which occupations references were made in this connec- 
tion before the commission, there is a difference. In taking down 

a Report of the Royal Commission on a Dispute Respecting Hours of Employment 
between the Bell Telephone Company of Canada (Limited), and Operators at Toronto, 
Ontario, 1907, pp. 60, 61. 



76 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

shorthand a stenographer is required to use the senses of hearing and 
sight, but not that of speech. In transcribing shorthand notes 
upon a typewriter, neither hearing nor speech are called into play, 
but merely the sense of sight. Similarly in telegraphing, a teleg- 
rapher in transmitting a message is not required to use his sense of 
speech, and may even transmit without using his sense of hearing, 
and in receiving a message does so without using his vocal organs. 
It is this peculiarity of the work of telephone operating, resulting 
from a combination of a new power with a series of new inventions 
which, as has been said, distinguishes this class of work from other 
occupations with which it might otherwise be compared, and which 
must be given a first consideration in considering the question of 
hours and the suitability of women for this class of employment. A 
fair comparison can not be drawn in respect to the intensity of em- 
ployment between this work and other classes of work in which the 
strain is mainly physical, inasmuch as telephone operating differs 
from most other female employments not so much in degree as it does 
in kind, and the exhaustion which it entails is not so much physical as 
mental and nervous, and exhaustion of nervous energy, a depletion of 
nervous force. 

Little study has been made of telephone work from the point of 
view of the peculiar physical effects caused by the occupation itself. 
The report of the Royal Commission of Canada is perhaps the fullest 
study so far made on the subject. There are also some valuable con- 
tributions to be found in German and French medical literature. ( a ) 
But on the whole, this is as yet an untouched field. 

PRESENTS AND PREFERENTIAL CALLS. 

While the relation between the two subjects of the above title is 
not now so direct as it was in former years, there is perhaps sufficient 
connection to warrant their treatment in one section. 

Up to within a few years, presents from a subscriber to the operator 
handling his calls was a very common rule, especially at Christmas 
time. These presents were often very considerable in amount. 
Sometimes cash presents of as much as $50 were received from 
banks and other large users of the telephone. The practice became 
such a source of abuse in the matter of the order of calls, and 
such a nuisance to the companies, that nearly all companies have 
made rules more or less stringent against the receiving of pres- 
ents by operators, beyond mere trifles — such as flowers or candy 
at Christmas time — which subscribers may still send as recogni- 

a In a recent work on Occupational Diseases of the Ear (Bervfshrankheiten des Ohres, 
p. 127) Dr. Friedrich Ropke speaks of the spasmodic action of the muscles of the middle 
ear as a result of telephone work, and quotes a number of other medical treatises on the 
subject, among them, Lannois: Das Telephon und die Ohrenkrankung, 1889; and 
Gelle: Actions du telephon sur l'organe de l'oreille (Societe de Biologie, June 1, 
1889). Both these works speak of the effect of telephone work upon the middle ear 
and quote cases of "otitis media" to substantiate their theory. 



CHAPTEK I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 77 

tion or token of appreciation of service. The New England Tele- 
phone Company has prohibited gift-taking in Boston exchanges, 
and probably throughout the system. Other companies permit the 
operator, for a period of ten days prior to Christmas, to give a sub- 
scriber her name if he asks for it ; at no other time is she permitted 
to give her name over the telephone. Other companies again do 
not permit operators to give their names, but allow them for a period 
of ten days or two weeks before Christmas to give their numbers 
to subscribers. Presents sent to the company addressed to these 
numbers will be delivered by the company unless there is something 
suspicious about them, as being too large in amount, etc. 

In several cities managers do not discourage the giving of presents 
to operators by subscribers; the cash gifts, however, do not usually 
exceed $5. The majority of the companies have considered it the 
wiser course to prohibit operators from receiving presents. 

Admittedly, preference was formerly given to the calls of sub- 
scribers who had the reputation of being chronic fault-finders. So uni- 
versal was this that it was a common practice to cap the signal of a 
" growler" with a frosted green light, and whenever such a light 
flashed in front of an operator she was disobeying the rules if she did 
not attend to that call immediately. As the total number of sub- 
scribers increased and the business grew to its present enormous pro- 
portions, the companies began to see that no man should be given 
preference in the order of his calls over another man paying the same 
amount for the use of his telephone because he was habitually disagree- 
able or because he gave presents to operators. There are very few 
exchanges now where habitual impatience insures a man a " preferred- 
color," and the frosted green light in most places has come to mean 
something else. 

Preferred business as a settled policy has not made much progress 
in the telephone industry. In only one northern city — New York — 
was there any tangible evidence found of preferred calls, and this was 
confined to long-distance business, and was very limited in extent. 
A "Morse down" call, or signal for using the telephone wire for tel- 
egraphing purposes, receives prompt attention, and it was stated 
that certain companies and firms were given priority in the use of 
the wires. In some southern cities in the cotton belt cotton com- 
mission brokers were given the right of way at certain hours, and it 
was noticed that the names of the favored firms were the same as 
those developed in the telegraph investigation. 

In some cases brokers had a special operator assigned to their calls 
when a large number of calls were to be made in a short time. While 
this expedited their business, there was nothing to indicate that any 
one having a large number of calls to make regularly would not be 
given the same treatment or that, because of the special operator, 



78 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

other subscribers' calls were materially delayed. Another system by 
which telephoning is rendered more speedy in the cotton districts 
is that of having a trunk line direct to the toll exchange, so that calls 
between cities do not have to pass through the local exchanges. At 
the present time it must in candor be said that preferential calls are 
not a serious evil in the telephone business. 

STRIKES AND TELEPHONE OPERATORS' UNIONS. 

Telephone operators' strikes have been remarkably rare and gen- 
erally of very short duration. During the investigation records of 
less than a dozen strikes were discovered, and these were over very 
minor matters, and in no case lasted more than a week. ( a ) 

Practically no organization exists among operators. Only five 
local federal unions of telephone operators are affiliated with the 
American Federation of Labor. None of these are large or are 
located in a city of considerable size. One or two of these when 
visited seemed to be more like social clubs than trade unions. In 
all cases their relations with the local managers were entirely friendly. 
In the large cities the attitude of the local managers, and of the com- 
panies as a whole, is distinctly antagonistic toward labor organiza- 
tions among operators, in the present condition of the business at 
least. It was pointed out that with the almost universal fact of short 
experience for a vast majority of the operators, any organization 
among them would be likely to be in the control of young girls inex- 
perienced in any kind of industrial affairs and with only three or four 
months' experience in the telephone business. Managers who were 
most apprehensive of the danger to be feared from trade unionism 
among operators insisted that their feelings and opinions were not 
based upon general objections to trade unionism itself, and that they 
would not object to unions if in the future the telephone business got 
to a point where the mass of its operators were women of mature 
years and had been for a reasonable time in its employ. 

CARE FOR HEALTH OF OPERATIVES AND WELFARE 

WORK. 

Few, if any, industries present so much or such widely distributed 
intelligent care for the health and welfare of their women workers as 
is found among the telephone companies. While the extent of the 
provision for health, pleasure, or comfort of female employees varies 
greatly among the various companies or among the exchanges of the 
same companies, and while the degree of intelligence displayed in hand- 
ling this always somewhat delicate problem is as variant as its extent, 

a The strike in Des Moines and connected towns in Iowa, not being within the 
territory investigated, is not included in the above. 



CHAPTEK I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 79 

yet in practically every exchange visited some sort of a beginning has 
been made toward developing the best possible conditions of the work. 

Ventilation of operating rooms, which is an especially difficult and 
serious problem in a telephone exchange, has received special atten- 
tion from the more progressive managers, though in the worst ex- 
changes, where it is most needed, it has, from the very hopelessness of 
the case, been ignored. The ventilation of a large telephone exchange 
is difficult primarily from the fact that the switchboards are placed 
against the wall usually on three sides of the room and in front of 
windows, thus shutting off more or less the sources of both ventilation 
and light. The question is most serious because the girls must sit so 
close together and breathe against a flat surface not over 18 inches 
from their faces, which prevents a normal dispersion of the breath as 
expelled from the lungs throughout the surrounding air. These con- 
ditions make an upward suction of air the only adequate method of 
ventilation — that is, there must be currents of air from below upward 
sufficiently strong to completely change the air in front of the switch- 
boards rapidly and yet not create a noticeable draught on the bare 
heads of the switchboard operators. Perhaps the first step toward 
ventilation of telephone exchanges, as possibly all other workshop,., 
is to ignore windows entirely as a prime source or means of ventilation. 

A noteworthy instance of the results of improved methods of ven- 
tilation adopted by a telephone company is that of the Cambridge 
exchange in Boston, operated by the New England Telephone and 
Telegraph Company. The room contains 30,000 cubic feet of air 
space, and here are employed from 50 to 60 women and girls. The 
subjoined description of this experiment and its results is from the 
pen of Prof. C. E. A. Winslow, of the Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology, at whose suggestion it was made : (°) 

The operating room of the New England Telephone and Telegraph 
Company at Cambridge, Mass., is a long room, extending from front 
to back of a business block. It is 71 feet long and 34 J feet wide, with 
a jog 3 J feet wide taken out of the rear 32 feet on one side. The room 
is 13 feet high and has a capacity of 30,000 cubic feet. 

Fifty or sixty women are employed in this room as operators, seven- 
eighths of them being on the day shift. During the warmer months 
of the year no difficulty has ever been experienced in ventilating the 
room, by means of large windows at each end, and by the use of elec- 
tric fans. In the winter time, however, it was impossible to secure 
adequate natural ventilation without undue exposure to drafts. 

In the spring of 1907 a simple but efficient system of artificial 
ventilation was installed. A galvanized-iron duct was constructed, 
opening to the air, over the front door of the operating room, and 
running along the ceiling through the center of the room for a dis- 
tance of forty-three feet. The duct was two feet wide by one foot 

o Report of Sixth International Congress on Tuberculosis. Article on "The cash 
value of factory ventilation," by C. E. A. Winslow, pp. 185-189. 



80 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



deep, and was perforated along each side by one hundred and fifty 
inch and a quarter holes. Two sixteen-inch electric fans were placed 
in the wall at the back of the room to discharge the vitiated air, form- 
ing, with the inlet duct, a vacuum system of ventilation. 

A marked improvement in the comfort and general condition of 
the operators followed this change; and the betterment was sufficiently 
marked to show itself in a notably greater regularity of work. The 
statistics of attendance for two years prior to the change, and for 
sixteen months subsequent to it, are given in the table below. They 
have been compiled from the records of the chief operator, who has 
been in charge of the room during the entire period. The average 
number of daily absences, in the first of the three columns for each 
year, were calculated from the actual records of all unexplained 
minor absences; long illnesses, vacations, etc., being omitted. The 
absences which remain are, of course, due to many causes ; but mainly 
to slight illnesses of various sorts. 

RECORD OF ATTENDANCE— CAMBRIDGE OPERATING ROOM. 
UNVENTILATED. 



Month. 





1905-6. 






1906-7. 


Average 




Per cent 


Average 




dailv 


Force. 


of 


dailv 


Force. 


absences. 




absence. 


absences. 




0.9 


50 


1.8 


1.2 


56 


.6 


50 


1.3 


1.9 


56 


1.4 


51 


2.6 


2.0 


56 


1.5 


54 


2.8 


1.9 


56 


2.0 


54 


3.6 


1.7 


56 


2.6 


54 


4.9 


1.3 


56 


1.1 


54 


2.0 


2.0 


56 


2.1 


54 


4.0 


1.3 


56 


1.6 


54 


2.9 


1.7 


56 


2.6 


54 


4.9 


2.9 


56 


3.0 


54 


5.6 


2.8 


55 


2.2 


54 


4.1 


2.0 


58 



Per cent 
of 

absence. 



April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September 
October... 
November 
December. 
Tanuary. . . 
February . 
March 



2.1 
3.3 
3.6 
3.3 
3.0 
2.4 
3.6 
2.4 
3.3 
5.2 
5.0 
3.4 



VENTILATED. 





1907-8. 


1908. 


Month. 


Average 

daily 
absences. 


Force. 


Per cent 

of 
absence. 


Average 

daily 
absences. 


Force. 


Per cent 

of 
absence. 


April 


2.0 
1.8 
1.7 
2.0 
2.3 
2.4 
1.9 
1.2 
1.2 
1.2 
1.6 
1.0 


58 
58 
58 
58 
58 
58 
63 
63 
63 
66 
65 
65 


3.5 
3.1 
2.9 
3.4 
3.9 
4.1 
3.0 
2.0 
1.8 
1.8 
2.4 
1.5 


1.6 
1.2 
1.2 
1.0 


67 
67 
67 
65 


2.4 


May 


1.8 


June 


1.7 


July 


1.6 


August 




September 








October 








November 








December 
















February 








March 

















In each year absences diminish in spring and fall, and show an 
increase in winter and summer. At the extreme seasons of the year 
heat and cold, respectively, undermine vital resistance, produce 
minor illnesses, and accentuate any constitutional weakness. In 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 81 

summer the troubles which arise are largely digestive ones, while in 
winter colds and pulmonary affections • are most common, and the 
general seasonal curve of disease is familiar to all students of vital 
statistics. 

The change in ventilation did not affect the attendance in 
the operating room during the summer of 1907. No direct effect 
could be expected at this season, since in warm weather, w^ith win- 
dows open, natural ventilation of the room could scarcely be improved 
upon. During the winter of 1907-8, however, a marked improvement 
was manifest, as indicated by the table. For the first three months 
of 1906 the average percentages of operators absent were 4.9, 5.6, 
and 4.1, respectively; for 1907 the figures were 5.2, 5.0, and 3.4; for 
1908 they dropped to 1.8, 2.4, and 1.5. Comparing the three winter 
months only (January to March), it appears that 4.9 per cent of the 
force were absent in 1906, 4.5 per cent in 1907, and only 1.9 per cent 
in 1908. This means a net saving for the three months of 2.8 per 
cent of the force employed, corresponding to one and eight-tenths 
the entire time of one operator. 

The original cost of installing the system of ventilation was in the 
neighborhood of $75. The saving in operators' time during the three 
winter months amounted to twenty-three working weeks, as indi- 
cated above (13 weeks X 1.8). Since the average pay of an operator 
is $8.50, this meant a saving of $195 to the employees in wages, and 
the increased efficiency due to regularity of attendance paid good 
interest to the company. 

Another suggestive point is the continuance of good attendance 
through June and July of 1908. Both were exceptionally hot months 
this year, and, judging by the three earlier years, the summer increase 
in absences should have begun to manifest itself. As pointed out 
above, the ventilating system has no direct effect in hot weather, 
when all the windows can be kept open. It may well be, however, 
that vital resistance has been built up by a year of breathing good air, 
so that the operators are better able to stand the general strain of 
hot weather conditions. 

While thorough medical examination of all applicants by a medical 
expert has not been inaugurated by all companies, it has by some, and 
all seek to exclude from employment, by some sort of an examination, 
all persons who are afflicted with tuberculosis of the lungs or any 
disease which makes their presence likely to injuriously affect other 
employees. Much, however, remains to be done in this direction. 

Disinfection of the instruments the operators use upon their heads 
is a precaution against the spread of infectious diseases that is care- 
fully attended to by 25 out of 39 Bell companies, 3 out of 4 Independ- 
ent companies, and all of the American Telephone and Telegraph or 
long-distance companies or exchanges reporting. 

Rest rooms for operators taken suddenly ill are almost universal, 
and while not always adequate in size or furnishings are being 
gradually improved as they become a recognized part or fixture of an. 
exchange. 

29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 6 



82 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Twelve out of trie 39 Bell companies reporting employ medical 
inspectors at exchanges, though none report regular and periodical 
medical examination of operators subsequent to employment. Sev- 
eral companies take the precaution of not employing as beginners — 
that is, very young women or girls — those who do not live at home; 
the great majority of companies, however, have no rule covering this 
matter. In only one case does the franchise ordinance of a telephone 
company contain regulations concerning the protection of health 
and safety of women employees. Sick leave is granted with pay, 
under certain restrictions and regulations, by six of the Bell compa- 
nies, and in special cases by all of the American Telephone and 
Telegraph exchanges reporting, though none report a general regula- 
tion on the subject. 

Lunches are furnished by six Bell companies, not including one 
furnishing lunch to all employees working two hours or more over- 
time, one furnishing lunch to chief operators and clerks when they 
work overtime, and 13 furnishing hot beverages only. Seven out of 
nine American Telephone and Telegraph exchanges reporting furnish 
hot beverages free at lunch time, employees bringing or furnishing 
other lunch materials. Two of the four Independent companies fur- 
nish lunch or hot beverages at some of their exchanges. Other 
companies furnish lunches at cost or less, submitting each day a 
fairly extended menu from which each girl may select such dishes as 
she likes. The telephone companies that have experimented most 
extensively with free and hygienic lunches for operators find that 
they pay in the comparative absence of afternoon headaches and 
"dullness" that so generally follows the eating of ill-chosen or badly 
cooked lunches by those whose work requires a constant sitting 
position. These afternoon periods of "dullness" and headache 
prove disastrous to the efficiency ' of service rendered to the public as 
the afternoon "load" climbs to its "peak." 

Practically all the companies, except the American Telephone and 
Telegraph, where it is not practicable in most cases, permit operators 
to select the exchange in which they shall work, and make every 
reasonable effort to get girls into the exchange near or nearest their 
homes. Choice of ' ' tricks, " or operating shifts, is quite usually granted 
each operator by the company's rules, and is often granted in absence 
of rules. 

Relief periods of 15 minutes are granted, one in the forenoon and 
one in the afternoon, and while in a few exchanges there is a tendency 
to restrict and curtail these periods and to treat them as a privilege to 
be asked for and given only on request, the custom of granting relief 
periods is likely to fasten itself permanently on the industry, and they 
will become, without doubt, a recognized right and necessity of the 
occupation rather than a favor. 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 83 

In many places, but more notably in New York and Chicago, elab- 
orate systems of welfare work have been inaugurated. This covers 
not only library conveniences, but parlor games for the rest rooms, 
occasional boat-ride excursions, theater and art-museum parties 
under a competent teacher-escort, etc. 

Roof-garden resting places form a new and inexpensive experiment, 
and have been found to be most beneficial to employees. 

It should be noted also that, taken as a whole, the loyalty of the 
women employed, and of operators especially, to those immediately 
over them, and to the employing companies was of the highest type. 
To this the companies and the public owe much of the standard of 
efficiency maintained in the service rendered the public. Physical 
or mechanical equipment means much, of course, but in no industry 
does the human element enter more largely into the question of 
service rendered. The money value to the companies and to the 
public of the fine spirit of the work that actuates " telephone girls" is 
beyond reckoning. Its preservation is worth many times the cost of 
removing the causes of complaints that exist ; of putting in elevators 
where none exist or operating such as exist during the hours the 
operators must come to and go from their work; of eliminating such 
unnecessary overtime as exists; the curtailment and unnecessary irreg- 
ularity of lunch and relief periods; and, above all, the elimination 
of unsympathetic supervisory control. While theoretically an oper- 
ator can carry her complaints from supervisor to chief operator and 
on up to manager, }^et in practice there is a frigidity about the official 
air in many exchanges that makes the operator fear to do this. Low 
as the wages are in most places, the operators for the most part like 
their work, and are afraid of losing their positions or chances of promo- 
tion if they complain, no matter how reasonable their complaint. 

In one or two places this had smoldered for months, until, as one 
girl put it, "All we need in this town is a leader, and every telephone 
girl in the city would go on strike." Fortunately this spirit, so com- 
mon in some industries, is exceedingly rare in telephone exchanges. 
Strange to say, considering the low wages, it is not economic where it 
exists; i. e., it is not a demand for more wages, but purely humanistic 
in its source and nature. Nowhere does the humanization of industry 
mean so much to the public, the employers, and the employees as in 
the telephone exchange. The Wisconsin railroad commission, in its 
report dealing with telephone companies, referred to in another sec- 
tion of this report, says: 

Nevertheless, we are so much impressed by the extremely vital 
significance to the service given to subscribers of the esprit de corps 
and condition of the operators that we can not forego remarking that 
the operators should be looked after individually and collectively by 
some one, preferably, it seems to us, by one of their own sex, who is 
big enough, sympathetic enough, wise enough, and courageous enough 



84 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

to take these young women in hand for any and all purposes which 
affect their health, comfort, and working efficiency. A mature 
woman, of the type we have in mind, could impress her personality 
upon every operator from the time she enters the operators' school 
to the time she takes her place as leader in her office. The employ- 
ment of a " social secretary" may be another way of meeting the 
situation. At least it deserves consideration. ( a ) 

WAGES. 

The wages data secured for this report relate to the 39,586 persons 
whose names were on the pay rolls of the companies reporting, and 
whose work related to the exchanges or systems from which reports 
were received. 

The Bell telephone companies furnished pay-roll cards covering 
the wages, hours worked, and earnings of employees in the various 
companies for a given pay-roll period. The total number of such 
cards received from the Bell companies, complete enough for tabu- 
lation, was 37,886. Upon examining these pay-roll cards prepara- 
tory to tabulation, it was found that different companies reported 
the data on different bases — some reported the wages and earnings 
on an hourly, some on a weekly, some on a daily, and others on a 
monthly basis. In order to present them on a basis that would be 
comparable, it was found necessary to reduce them all to a common 
basis. As the majority of the companies based wages on a monthly 
rate, the data on the cards were all computed on a monthly basis. 
It was found, also, that owing to a deficiency in the method of report- 
ing occupations it was difficult, in many instances, to determine the 
exact meaning of certain occupation terms, as apparently the same 
kind of work was reported by different companies under different 
occupation names. There was also such a great variety of specific 
occupation terms that it was found advisable to group them. For 
instance, there were 20 or more different kinds of clerks, and a large 
number of different kinds of managers, etc. The various kinds of 
clerks have been tabulated under the one general head "clerks," 
and all managers under the head of " managers." It was found, 
further, that there was a number of cards so imperfectly reported 
that it was impossible to determine the occupation; also there was a 
number of occupations each reported by a single company and for 
which but a very few persons were reported. All of these have been 
put in one class under the head of "miscellaneous." 

In addition to the above, pay-roll cards were received for 932 
employees in companies other than the Bell, known as independent 
companies, and 768 from various branches of the American Tele- 

<*> Lorenz and Lorenz et al. v. Wisconsin Telephone Company, before the railroad 
commission of Wisconsin. Decision and order of the commission, p. 73. 



CHAPTER T. GENERAL DISCUSSTON.- 



85 



phone and Telegraph Company. The three sets of pay-roll cards 
have been tabulated separately and on the same basis. 

Of the 39 Bell companies reporting, 5 pay their employees weekly, 
29 semimonthly, and 5 monthly; of the exchanges in the 9 cities from 
winch American Telephone and Telegraph Company reports were 
received, 8 pay monthly and 1 semimonthly; the 4 independent com- 
panies reporting, paid semimonthly. The frequency of payment, it 
will be understood, is not the same thing as the basis of rate of 
wages, i. e., a company may have a monthly basis for its wage 
rates and pay its employees twice each month or once a week. 

The number of occupations covered by these data reach consider- 
ably over a hundred. Some of these occupations are comparatively 
inconsequential, either from the point of view of numbers involved 
or importance in the industry. In the general tables the details of 
wages will be found for practically all of the occupations reported 
upon. In the following table will be found a summary of these 
occupations, the total number of emploj^es reported in each occu- 
pation for the three systems of companies, and the number and per 
cent of employees in each occupation and in each wage group ; that 
is, the number and per cent receiving under $30 per month, $30 and 
under $50, $50 and under $80, and $80 and over. 



NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH SPECIFIED OCCUPATION, TELE- 
PHONE COMPANIES, BY CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 





Total 
em- 
ployees. 


Employees whose monthly rates of wages were — 


Occupation. 


Under $30. 


$30 and under 
$50. 


$50 and under 
$80. 


$80 and over. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 




16 

38 

371 

16 

33 

7 

6 

316 

6 

1 

716 

52 

64 

168 

a 4. 552 

155 

6 

6 536 

9 

9 

1 

64 

70 

5 

16 










2 

24 

151 

9 

22 

5 

2 

204 

1 

1 

413 

27 

23 

112 

1,662 

44 

1 

272 

1 

3 


12.5 
63.2 
40.7 
56.3 
66.7 
71.4 
33.3 
64.6 
16.7 
100.0 
57.7 
51.9 
35.9 

66.7 
36.8 
28.4 
16.7 
59.3 
11.1 
33.3 


14 

14 

217 


87.5 












36.8 


Agents 


1 
1 


0.3 
6.3 


2 
6 
5 


0.5 
37.5 
15.2 


58.5 


Assemblers 




Battery men 


... 

6 
2 


18.2 








28.6 


Blueprinters 


2 

24 


33.3 

7.6 


2 
46 


33.3 
14.6 






42 
5 


13.3 


Bricklayers 


83.3 


Cabinetmakers 












Cable splicers 






28 
1 
6 

32 

1,778 

16 

1 

96 


3.9 

1.9 
9.4 

19.0 

39.4 
10.3 
16.7 
20.9 


275 
24 
34 

24 
682 
95 
4 
53 
8 


38.4 


Carpenters 






46.2 




1 


1.6 


53.1 


Chauffeurs, drivers, hostlers, 
and stablemen 


14.3 


Clerks 


389 


8.6 


15.1 


Clerks, chief 


61.3 


Clerks, chief, assistant 






66.7 


Collectors 


38 


8.3 


11.5 


Collectors, chief 


88.9 


Compositors 


1 


11.1 


5 


55.6 




Custodians 


1 


100.0 


Delivery men 






1 
6 


1.6 
8.6 


63 

41 

1 

11 


98.4 
58.6 
20.0 
68.8 




Draftsmen 






23 
4 
3 


32.9 


Draftsmen, chief 






80 


Electricians 






2 


12.5 


18.8 



a Including 41, rates of wages not reported. 



b Including 77, rates of wages not reported. 



86 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH SPECIFIED OCCUPATION, TELE- 
PHONE COMPANIES, BY CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Total 
em- 
ployees. 




Employees whose monthly rates of wages 


were — 




Occupation. 


Under $30. 


$30 and under 
$50. 


$50 and under 
$80. 


$80 and over. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 




23 

155 

85 

8 

3 

1 

615 

39 

21 

1 

36 

15 

772 

11 

1,460 

2 

54 

1 

6 

416 

1 

808 

2,028 

37 

269 

63 

166 

417 

205 

<Jl6, 258 

586 

141 

232 

707 

24 

'7 

7 

1 

5 

679 

4 

3 

4 

114 

1 

c441 

57 

4 

42 

2 

1,647 

4 

16 

3 

361 

67 

20 

15 

26 

11 

235 

21 

4 

53 

6 

3 

277 

17 


2 


8.7 


9 


39.1 


12 

44 

17 

1 

2 


52.2 
28.4 
20.0 
12.5 

66.7 








Ill 

68 

7 

1 

1 

474 

20 

20 

1 

1 


71.6 


Engineers, assistant 










80.0 


Examiners 










87.5 












33.3 












100.0 


Foremen 






5 


.8 


136 

19 

1 


22.1 

48.7 

4.8 


77.1 


Foremen, assistant 






51.3 


Foremen, general 










95.2 


Foremen, general, assistant. . 










100.0 






7 
13 
22 


19.4 
86.7 

2.8 


28 

2 

532 


77.8 
13.3 
68.9 


2.8 












2 


.3 


216 
11 

223 
2 
6 
1 

5 
2 
1 
1 

366 
3 

146 

42 

3 


28.0 


Inspectors, chief 


100.0 


Installers 


15 


1.0 


154 


10.5 


1,068 


73.2 


15.3 




100.0 




1 


1.9 


22 


40.7 


25 


46.3 


11.1 


Instructors, manager 

Investigators, claims depart- 
ment 


100.0 










1 
154 


16.7 
37.0 


83.3 




141 


33.9 


119 


28.6 


.5 




100 




16 

5 
5 


2.0 

.3 

13.5 

1.9 


355 

316 

12 

9 

5 

102 

50 

184 

9,430 

261 

48 

217 

13 

4 


43.9 

15.6 

32.4 

3.3 

7.9 

61.4 

12.0 

89.8 

58.0 

44.5 

34.0 

93.5 

1.8 

16.7 


436 

1,340 

17 

109 
16 
12 


54.0 
66.1 
45.9 
40.5 
25.4 
7.2 


.1 




18.0 




8.1 




54.3 




66.7 


Matrons 


49 

367 

6 

6,768 

29 

16 

5 

693 


29.5 
88.0 

2.9 
41.6 

4.9 
11.3 

2.2 
98.0 


1.8 


Messengers 






15 

57 

256 

77 

10 

1 

13 

2 

2 


7.3 

.4 

43.7 

54.6 

4.3 

.1 

54.2 

28.6 

28.6 






Operators 


2 
40 


6.8 




Operators, chief, assistant 








Operators, student 






Painters 


7 
5 
5 
1 


29.2 








71.4 


Paymasters, assistant 










71.4 










100.0 




i 
l 


20.0 
.1 


3 

19 


60.0 
2.8 


1 

486 
4 
1 


20.0 
71.6 
100.0 
33.3 




Repairmen 


173 


25.5 
















2 


66.7 




3 


75.0 


1 

2 


25.0 

1.8 






92 
1 

264 

39 

1 

2 


80.7 
100.0 
60.8 
68.4 
25.0 
4.8 


20 


17.5 










Stenographers 


6 


1.4 


135 
10 
3 


31.1 
17.5 
75.0 


29 
8 


6.7 
14.0 










Superintendents 

Superintendents, assistant. . 

Supervisors 

Supervisors, building 

Supervisors, chief 

Surveyors 






40 
2 

19 
4 


95.2 










100.0 


32 


1.9 


813 


49.4 


783 


47.5 


1.2 

100.0 






15 

2 
31 


93.8 
66.7 
8.6 


1 


6.3 








1 

81 
9 


33.3 


1 


.3 


248 
58 
16 

1 
17 

4 
146 

1 

4 
11 

6 


68.7 
86.6 
80.0 
6.7 
65.4 
36.4 
62.1 
4.8 

100.0 
20.8 

100.0 


22.4 




13.4 


Switchboard men, helper 






4 


20.0 








14 
4 
7 
59 
20 


93.3 




1 


3.8 


4 


15.4 


15.4 




63.6 




2 


.9 


28 


11.9 


25.1 




95.2 

























42. 


79.2 
























3 

45 
16 


100.0 


Troublemen 

Troublemen, junior 


1 


.4 


27 


9.7 


204- 
1 


73.6 
5.9 


16.2 
94.1 



a Including 1, rate of wages not reported. 
& Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 



' Including 7, rates of wages not reported. 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



87 



NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH SPECIFIED OCCUPATION, TELE- 
PHONE COMPANIES, BY CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 





Total 
em- 
ployees. 




Employ 


r ees whose monthly rates 


of wages 


were — 




Occupation. 


Under $30. 


§30 and under 
$50. 


$50 and under 
$80. 


$80 and over. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 




25 
71 

319 
25 

127 
8 

255 


2 
2 
5 


8.0 
2.8 
1.6 


23 

5 
8 
2 
3 


92.0 
7.0 
2.5 
8.0 
2.4 












64 
140 

11 

109 

5 

149 


90.1 
43.9 
44.0 
85.8 
62.5 
58.4 








166 
12 
15 
3 
51 


52.0 




48.0 








11.8 








37.5 




11 


4.3 


44 


17.3 


20.0 






Total 


a37,886 


8,651 


22.9 


14,572 


38.6 


10,370 


27.5 


4,167 


11.0 



INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 





1 
3 
6 
1 
1 

37 
2 

16 
1 
2 

13 
1 
2 
7 
1 

11 

16 

43 
3 
5 
2 
568 

26 
6 

33 
1 

16 
3 
4 
2 
3 

65 
3 
6 
3 

19 














1 


100.0 












3 
3 

1 
1 
7 


100.0 
50.0 
100.0 
100.0 
18.9 














3 


50.0 




























Clerks.. 


9 


24.3 


20 


54.1 


1 
2 
1 


2.7 




100.0 








11 


68.8 


4 
1 
2 
2 


25.0 
100.0 
100.0 

15.4 


6.3 


































11 
1 


84.6 












100.0 












2 
5 


100.0 
71.4 










1 

1 

10 

15 

11 

2 

1 

1 

62 

16 

5 

32 


14.3 
100.0 
90.9 
93.8 
25.6 
66.7 
20.0 
50.0 
10.9 
61.5 
83.3 
97.0 


1 


14.3 
















1 

1 

32 


9.1 
6.3 

74.4 


























Matrons 


1 
4 
1 
506 
6 
1 
1 
1 


33.3 
80.0 
50.0 
89.1 
23.1 
16.7 
3.0 
100.0 


























Operators 










Operators, chief 


3 


11.5 


1 


3.8 


Operators, chief, assistant . . . 




Operators, senior 


















Repair men 






15 
3 
2 
1 


93.8 
100.0 
50.0 
50.0 


1 


6.3 


Solicitors 












Stenographers 






2 


50.0 










1 
3 


50.0 


Superintendents 

Supervisors 










100.0 


13 


20.0 


52 
1 


80.0 
33.3 








1 
5 
3 
6 


33.3 
83.3 
100.0 
31.6 


1 
1 


33.3 


Wire chiefs 






16.7 














Miscellaneous 


3 


15.8 


9 


47.4 


1 


5.3 






Total 


932 


546 


58.6 


252 


27.0 


104 


11.2 


30 


3.2 



AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



Clerks 


77 
7 
2 

10 
5 
7 

11 

2 

513 

16 

13 


3 


3.9 


50 


64.9 


24 
3 


31.2 
42.9 








4 


57.1 








2 

1 


100.0 
10.0 










5 
5 


50.0 
100.0 


4 


40.0 


Instructors 








Matrons 


1 
11 


14.3 

100.0 


6 


85.7 






Messengers 












2 

369 

4 


100.0 
71.9 
25.0 










Operators 


129 


25.1 


15 
8 
9 


2.9 
50.0 
69.2 






Operators, chief 


4 
4 


25.0 


Operators, chief, assistant . . . 






30.8 



a Including 126, rates of wages not reported. 



88 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH SPECIFIED OCCUPATION, TELE- 
PHONE COMPANIES, BY CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES— Concluded. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Concluded. 





Total 
em- 
ployees. 


Employees whose monthly rates of wages were— 


Occupation. 


Under $30. 


$30 and under 

$50. 


$50 and under 
$80. 


$80 and over. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Stenographers 


9 

79 
4 
9 
4 






4 
20 


44.4 
25.3 


5 

59 
4 
2 
1 


55.6 
25.0 

74.7 
100.0 
22.2 




































7 
3 


77.8 


Traffic chiefs, assistant 










75.0 














Total 


768 


144 


" 18.8 


458 


59.6 


HO 


18.2 


26 


3.4 







In the foregoing table no separation by sex has been made. In 
most occupations all or practically all are either males or females. 
For such occupations as were found to be shared in any significant 
degree by both sexes, an additional table has been prepared, showing 
the relative number and percentage by wage groups for males and 
females, as follows: 

NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES OF EACH SEX RECEIVING EACH CLASSIFIED 
MONTHLY RATE OF WAGES. IN SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS. 





Employees. 


Employees whose monthly rates of wages were— 


Occupation. 


Male. 


Fe- 
male. 


Total. 


Under $30. 


$30 and under $50. 


Number. 


Per cent. 


Number. 


Per cent. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


Total. 


Bookkeepers. . . 
Clerks 


257 
a2.651 
118 
491 
311 
380 
&57 


59 

ol,871 

37 

45 

105 

37 

6 377 


316 
4,552 
155 
536 
416 
417 
441 


1 
73 


23 
316 


24 
389 


4.2 
18.8 


95.8 
81.2 


100.0 
100.0 


15 
474 
1 
83 
98 
50 
12 


31 
1,304 
15 
13 
21 

"123" 


46 
1,778 

16 

96 
119 

50 
135 


32.6 
26.7 

6.2 
86.5 
82.4 
100. 

8.9 


67.4 
73.3 
93.8 
13.5 
17.6 

9i.T 


100.0 
100.0 


Clerks, chief... 


100.0 


Collectors 

Janitors 

Messengers 

Stenographers . 


8 

57 

330 

1 


30 

84 

37 

5 


38 

141 

367 

6 


21.1 

40.4 
89.9 
16.7 


78.9 
59.6 
10.1 
83.3 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 





Employees whose monthly rates of wages were— 


Occupation. 


$50 and under $80. 


$80 and over. 


Number. 


Per cent. 


Number. 


Per cent. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


Total. 


Bookkeepers... 
Clerks 


199 

1,430 

24 

270 

154 


5 

232 

20 

2 


204 

1,662 

44 

272 

154 


97.5 
86.0 
54.5 
99.3 
100.0 


2.5 

14.0 

45.5 

.7 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


42 
674 

93 

130 

2 


....... 

2 


42 
683 

95 

130 

2 


100.0 
98.7 
97.9 
100.0 
100.0 


""i.y 

2.1 


100.0 
100.0 


Clerks, chief 

Collectors 

Janitors 


100.0 
100.0 
100.0 


Stenographers. . 


34 


230 


264 


12.9 


87.1 


100.0 


10 


19 


29 


34.5 


65.5 


100.0 



a Not including 30, sex not reported. 



b Not including 7, sex not reported. 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 89 

In this table a distribution is made by sex into classified wage 
groups for such occupations as contained any very significant number 
of both sexes. Several such occupations are given. 

Of bookkeepers, for instance, pay-roll cards were received for a 
total of 316, 257 of whom were males and 59 were females. Of the 
316, 24 fall within the first wage group, or have a monthly wage 
rate of less than $30; of these, 95.8 per cent are females; in the 
next wage group, or those receiving $30 and under $50 per month, 
there is a total of 46 persons, 32.6 per cent of whom are males and 
67.4 per cent females; in the wage group $50 and under $80 per 
month, there are 204 persons, but here 97.5 per cent are males and 
2.5 per cent females; while in the group $80 per month and over, 
42 persons are found, all males. 

If we take the clerks, we find a total employment of 4,552 per- 
sons, but in 30 cases the cards did not show sex, so that 4,522 is the 
number whose sex can be determined from the returns. Of these, 
389 have a rate of less than $30 a month, and of these, 73, or 18.8 
per cent, are males, while 316, or 81.2 per cent, are females; in the 
next wage group, $30 and under $50 a month, 1,778 persons are 
found, of whom 26.7 per cent are males and 73.3 per cent females; 
in the next group, $50 and under $80 a month, 1,662 persons present 
a complete reversal of percentages, 86 per cent being males and 
14 per cent females; while of the 683 in the $80 and over class, 98.7 
are males and only 1.3 per cent are females. 

In stenography the female employees maintain a larger percentage 
and do not significantly lose on their predominant percentage until 
the highest wage group, $80 and over, is reached, when the percent- 
age is 65.5 for females and 34.5 for males, as against very much 
lower percentages for males in the lower wage groups. 

Considering that interest centers practically in the working con- 
ditions and wages of switchboard operatives, the wages of these are 
here discussed in more detail and are subjected to closer analysis. 

Rates of wages must not be confused with earnings, no general 
statement of which is attempted in this report. Monthly earnings 
and monthly rate of wages would obviously be identical if the operator 
worked full time and no overtime, that is, full-time earnings cor- 
respond to monthly rate. But, for the reason noted above, that the 
pay-roll cards came in on different bases, some on an hourly, some 
on a weekly, others on. a semimonthly, while the majority were on a 
monthly rate basis, it became necessary to base the report on rates 
of wages rather than earnings. The elements of undertime and over- 
time do not disturb the rates of wages, while they form a prime 
element in earnings. Take a pay-roll card, for instance, where an 
operator at the rate of one dollar a day earned four dollars in the pay- 
roll period of one week. In other words, she lost two days' time and 



90 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



wages. In reducing this card to a monthly basis no violence is done 
in stating the monthly equivalent of one dollar a day as the monthly 
rate. With regard to earnings, however, the case is different. It is 
manifestly not proper to say that because the time covered by the 
pay-roll card is to be increased the earnings are to be increased in 
the same proportion. It is not proper to say that because this 
operator lost two days in one week she will lose eight days in four 
weeks or nine days in a month. The same reasoning applies in case 
of pay-roll cards showing overtime and when exact full time was 
worked and earnings agreed with rate. The fact that an operator 
works full time during one pay-roll period is not a guarantee that 
she will do so for any number of other pay-roll periods. 

It became impossible, therefore, to deal with earnings in a detailed 
way. After all, the rate is what an operator will earn if she works, 
and when she works, and while she works. When for any reason 
she does not work, she of course earns nothing, so that rates of wages 
in an industry, where there is practically no shut-down, lay-off, or 
slack-work element in the employment of those engaged, becomes 
fully as satisfactory a gauge of economic conditions as could be 
secured by a statement of earnings. 

In the matter of the number of operators who worked more or less 
overtime during the pay-roll period definite data can be given. The 
pay-roll blanks, as furnished by the bureau and filled out and returned 
to it by the various companies, called for the overtime worked by 
each employee during the pay-roll period. This information has 
been separately tabulated for operators whose pay-roll cards showed 
that they had worked overtime. The following table shows the 
number of operators, the number of these who worked overtime 
within the period, regardless of amount of overtime worked, and per- 
centage of overtime workers of the whole: 

NUMBER AND PER CENT OF TELEPHONE OPERATORS REPORTING WHO WORKED 
OVERTIME, FOR SPECIFIED COMPANIES. 





Number 


Number 


of oper- 


of oper- 


ators who 


ators. 


worked 




overtime. 


466 


60 


750 


152 


578 


201 


180 


22 


346 


39 


285 


9 


3,385 


937 


606 


257 


66 


15 


322 


284 


339 


66 


119 


103 


175 


150 


189 


186 



Per cent 
cf oper- 
ators who 
worked 
overtime. 



BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 

Bell Telephone Co., of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo 

Bell Telephone Co., of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa 

Central District and Printing Telegraph Co., Pittsburg, Pa 

Central Union Telephone Co., Indianapolis, Ind 

Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co. , Baltimore, Md 

Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., Washington, D. C 

Chicago Telephone Co. , Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Citizens Telephone Co., Covington, Ky 

Cleveland Telephone Co., Cleveland, Ohio 

Colorado Telephone Co. , Denver, Colo 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., Louisville, Ky 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., Nashville, Tenn 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., New Orleans, La. . . 



12.88 
20.27 
34. 78 
12.22 
11.27 
3.16 
27.68 
42.41 
22.73 
88.20 
19.47 
86.55 
85. 71 
98.41 



CHAPTER T. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



91 



NUMBER AND PERCENT OF TELEPHONE OPERATORS REPORTING WHO WORKED 
OVERTIME, FOR SPECIFIED COMPANIES-Concluded. 





Number 
of oper- 
ators. 


Number 
of oper- 
ators who 
worked 
overtime. 


Per cent 
of oper- 
ators who 
worked 
overtime. 


BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— concluded. 

Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns under 5,000 population 

Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 5,000 to 15,000 population 

Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 15,000 to 25,000 population 


34(1 
212 
119 
555 

257 
1,025 
2,825 

52 
119 

24 
325 
320 
275 
509 
267 

82 
139 

73 

57 
235 

3G5 
125 

78 


Ill 

91 

47 

251 

234 

25 

5 


32.08 
42.92 
39.50 
45 23 


Nebraska Telephone Co., Omaha, Nebr 

New England Telephone and Telegraph Co., Boston, Mass 


91.05 
1.54 


New York Telephone Co., New York, N. Y 


0. 18 


Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns under 5,000 population 




Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 5,000 to 15,000 population. . 






Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co. , towns 15,000 to 25,000 population. 










52 
98 

330 
39 
14 

107 
10 
15 

172 

96 
63 


15.95 




35. 64 




64.83 




14.61 


Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Co. , Salt Lake City, Utah 


17.07 


Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Atlanta, Ga 


76.98 


Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Birmingham, Ala 


13. 70 


Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co. , Richmond, Va 


26.32 




73.19 


INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 


26.30 




50.40 













These data show remarkable variance in the number and per cent 
of overtime workers found to be necessary in various cities. In New 
York City, for instance, less than one-fifth of 1 per cent of the 
operators were reported as working overtime; while in New Orleans 
98.41 per cent of operators work more or less overtime. Boston 
reports but 25 out of 1,625 operators, or 1.54 per cent, as having 
worked overtime; while Cleveland, Ohio, reports 284 out of 322, or 
88.2 per cent, so working. 

In San Francisco 330 out of 509 were called upon to work over- 
time during the pay-roll period, this being 64.83 per cent; while in 
Omaha 234 out of 257, or over 91 per cent. In Atlanta, Ga., 
76.98 per cent, and in Louisville, Ky., 86.55 per cent were so 
called upon to do or did overtime work; while in Washington only 
9 out of 285, or 3.16 per cent, were so called upon. In St. Louis 60 
out of 466, or 12.88 per cent; Salt Lake City, a trifle over 17 per 
cent, and in Seattle 39 out of 267, or 14.61 per cent, worked over- 
time. In Baltimore the Independent Company reports no overtime 
workers, while the Bell Company has but 11.27 per cent of such. 

The American Telephone and Telegraph Company reports no 
overtime worked at any of its exchanges. 

It would seem from a study of this table that overtime work can be 
controlled and is controlled in some exchanges and in some localities, 
and that if the entire elimination of overtime work is possible in some 



92 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



places, it might, if desirable, be reduced to a minimum in all by the 
adoption of the methods there employed. 

It should be stated that practically in all companies and in all 
localities the tacit rule among managers is to make the entering wage 
slightly above the local prevailing entering wage in department and 
dry goods stores. That is to say, believing that telephone girls are 
drawn from the same elements in society and have about the same 
educational qualifications as saleswomen in stores, the telephone 
companies make it a rule to pay slightly higher wages than these 
stores, in the hope of getting the pick of the element from which 
such employees are drawn. 

Within the lower-wage groups are found those who have been but 
a few months in the service, and the percentage of such indicates the 
per cent, generally speaking, of those designated as "new girls." 

When an automatic system of wage increase prevails, this gradually 
works itself out, provided the expansion of the business or resignations 
of operators do not operate to keep the ranks of new recruits swelled 
to a point which perpetuates the disturbance of the " average 
monthly rate." 

The working of the automatic increase scale is made clear by the 
following schedule of increases obtaining in the Chicago exchanges. 
The principle is the same wherever an automatic promotion system 
exists. 

AUTOMATIC SCALE OF WAGES PAID BY CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY. 
OPERATORS' SCHEDULE. 



Period of service. 



Day basis: Work- 
ings hours, paid 
for 8i hours. 



Hourly 
rate. 



Monthly 
equiva- 
lent. 



Short day basis: 
Working 5 hours, 
paid for 8 hours. 



Hourly 
rate. 



Monthly 
equiva- 
lent. 



1st to 3d month 

4th to 6th month. . . 
7th to 9th month. . . 
10th to 12th month. 
13th to 15th month. 
16th to 18th month. 
19th to 21st month. 
22d to 24th month.. 
25th to 27th month. 
28th to 30th month. 
31st to 33d month.. 
34th to 36th month. 

4th year 

5th year 

6th year 

7th year 

8th year 

9th year 

10th year 



$0.10 

.11 

.12 
.13 
.14 
.14 
.15 
.15 
.17 
.17 
.18 
.18 
.19 
.20 
.20 
.20 
.22 
.22 
.23 



$21. 68 
23.84 
26.01 
28.18 
30.34 
30.34 
32.51 
32.51 
36.84 
36. 84 
39.01 
39.01 
41.18 
43.35 
43.35 
43.35 
47.68 
47.68 



$0.10 
.11 
.12 
.13 
.14 
.14 
.15 

a. 15 
.17 
.17 
.18 
.18 
.19 
.20 
.20 
.20 
.22 
.22 
.22 



$20. 40 
22.44 
24.48 
26.52 
28.56 
28.56 
30.60 
30.60 
34.68 
34.68 
36.72 
36.72 
38.76 
40.80 
40.80 
40.80 
44.88 
44.88 
44.88 



a If operator is kept on evening work at her own request, after her 15-cent rate is past, she does not get 
over 15 cents; if kept on evenings because there is no place on day work, she gets raises as indicated. 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



93 



AUTOMATIC SCALE OF WAGES PAID BY CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY— Concl'd. 
SUPERVISORS' SCHEDULE. 

[Day basis: Working 8 hours, paid for 8} hours. Evening basis: Working 5 hours, paid for 8 hours.] 



Period of service. 



Monthly- 
equiva- 
lent. 



1st to 3d month. .. 
4th to 6th month. . 
7th to 9th month. . 
10th to 12th month 
13th to 15th month 
16th to 18th month 
19th to 21st month. 
22d to 24th month. 
25th to 27th month 
28th to 30th month 
31st to 33d month. 
34th to 36th month 
37th to 42d month. 
43d to 48th month. 

5th year 

6th year 

7th year 



$21.68 
23.84 
26.01 
28.18 
30.34 
32.51 
34.68 
36.84 
39.01 
41.18 
43.35 
45.52 
47.68 
49.86 
52.02 
54.19 
56.36 



Some companies provide certain "extras," such as lunches or hot 
beverage contributions to lunches, as detailed in a previous section. 
Eight of the Bell companies pay certain car fares as extras. Of these 
companies one pays "excess car fares," that is, if an operator is not 
within a 5-cent fare of her exchange, the company pays all over 5 
cents each way until the girl can be transferred to an exchange more 
convenient to her home; one pays extra car fare to split-trick opera- 
tors ; three pay the car fare of split-trick operators ; and two pay the 
car fare of relief operators. In a few individual cases, or with employ- 
ees of an individual company, these extras might mean a substantial 
increase, or at least, assistance. Manifestly, however, these uncertain 
and casual elements must be eliminated from any statistical presenta- 
tions of rates of wages, and they do not enter into these rates. 

The following table shows the total number of switchboard oper- 
ators as represented by the pay-roll cards received from each company 
and city named, smaller cities and towns for two of the companies being 
grouped w r ith towns under 5,000 population, 5,000 and under 15,000, 
etc. The average monthly rate for each city, or for these groups of 
towns, is likewise shown by companies . The total shown for all Bell com- 
panies is 16,258 operators at an average monthly wage rate of $30.91. 
The lowest average for Bell companies is naturally found in one of the 
groups of towns under 5,000 population, where 346 operators average 
$18.21 on a full-time basis ; 212 operators in a group of towms 5,000 and 
under 15,000 population have an average monthly wage rate of $19.92. 

Considering the larger cities in the Bell system, the highest average 
monthly rate of wages is found in New York City, where 2,825 operators 
average $36.96. The Pacific coast cities are seen to carry a relatively 
high average rate : San Francisco, $35.84; Los Angeles, $35.09; Seattle, 
$35; Portland, Oreg., $34.74. The lowest average for a city of con- 
siderable size in the Bell system is found in Nashville, Tenn., 



94 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



where 175 operators have an average rate of $22.40. The average 
rates in Southern cities range rather lower than those found elsewhere. 
This is the explanation of the low average for independent companies 
reporting, as most of the returns received were from Southern cities 
located in a low-wage belt. The 568 wage returns from three inde- 
pendent companies show an average monthly rate of $24.38, the low- 
est being for Louisville, $19.07; the highest for Kansas City, Mo., $26. 
The returns from the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 
or long-distance exchanges, show 513 operators with a general aver- 
age monthly wage rate of $34.45. Here the lowest average rate is 
found in Kansas City, Mo., $30; the highest in New York City, $38.53. 



AVERAGE MONTHLY RATE OF WAGES OF TELEPHONE OPERATORS. 



Company 



Number 
of opera- 
tors. 



Average 

monthly 

rate of 

wages. 



BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 

Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo 

Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa 

Central District and Printing Telegraph Co., Pittsburg, Pa 

Central Union Telephone Co., Indianapolis, Ind 

Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., Baltimore, Md 

Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., "Washington, D. C 

Chicago Telephone Co. , Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co., Cincinnati, Ohio 

Citizens Telephone Co. , Covington, Ky 

Cleveland Telephone Co., Cleveland, Ohio 

Colorado Telephone Co., Denver, Colo 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., Louisville, Ky 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., Nashville, Term 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., New Orleans, La 

Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns under 5,900 

Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 5,000 and under 15,000 

Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 15,000 and under 25,000 

Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 25,000 and over 

Nebraska Telephone Co., Omaha, Nebr 

New England Telephone and Telegraph Co., Boston, Mass 

New York Telephone Co., New York, N. Y 

Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns under 5,000 

Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 5,000 and under 15,000.. 
Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 15,000 and under 25,000 

Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 25,000 and over 

Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., Los Angeles, Cal 

Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., Portland, Oreg 

Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., San Francisco, Cal 

Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., Seattle, Wash.... 

Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Co., Salt Lake City, Utah 

Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co. , Atlanta, Ga 

Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Birmingham, Ala 

Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Richmond, Va 

Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co., Dallas, Tex 

Total, Bell telephone system 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 

Maryland Telephone Co., Baltimore, Md 

Kansas City Home Telephone Co., Kansas City, Mo 

Louisville Home Telephone Co. , Louisville, Ky 

Total, independent telephone companies 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 

Boston, Mass 

Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati , Ohio 

Kansas City, Mo 

Minneapolis, Minn 

New York, N. Y 

Philadelphia, Pa 

Pittsburg, Pa 

St. Louis, Mo 

Total, American Telephone and Telegraph Company 



466 
750 

a 578 
180 
346 
285 

3,385 



322 
339 
119 
175 
189 
346 
212 
119 
555 
2.37 
, G25 
825 

52 
149 

24 
325 
326 
275 
509 
267 

82 
139 

73 

57 
235 



$29. 44 
29.16 
27.55 
25.04 
27.70 
27.09 
31.69 
27.74 
26.61 
25.59 
33.48 
23.31 
22.40 
24.37 
18.21 
19.92 
22.98 
26.03 
29.52 
33.01 
36.96 
23.71 
25.17 
22.63 
27.99 
35. 09 
34.74 
35.84 
35.00 
34.84 
24.78 
24.01 
25.53 
27.32 



a 16, 258 


30.91 


78 


25.27 


3G5 


26.00 


125 


19.07 


5G8 


24.38 


51 


32.79 


103 


30.87 


26 


31.15 


7 


30.00 


13 


30.38 


187 


38.53 


73 


33.49 


33 


33.79 


20 


32.00 



513 



34.45 



a Not including 1 operator, rate not reported. 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



95 



In connection with the average monthly rate of wages the following 
table shows for each company the wage group in which the largest 
number of operators is employed and the percentage that this number 
is of total operators: 

AVERAGE MONTHLY RATE OF WAGES OF TELEPHONE OPERATORS AND CLASSIFIED 
WAGE GROUPS IN WHICH THE LARGEST PERCENTAGES OF OPERATORS ARE 
FOUND. 



Company. 



BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 

Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri, St. Louis, Mo 

Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. . . 
Central District and Printing Telegraph Co., Pittsburg, 

Pa 

Central Union Telephone Co., Indianapolis, Ind 

Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., Baltimore, Md . 
Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co., Washington, 

D.C 

Chicago Telephone Co. , Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co., Cincinnati, 

Ohio 

Citizens Telephone Co. , Covington, Ky 

Cleveland Telephone Co., Cleveland, Ohio 

Colorado Telephone Co., Denver, Colo 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., Louisville, 

Ky 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., Nashville, 

Tenn 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co., New Orleans, 

La 

Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns under 5,000. 
Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 5,000 and 

under 15,000 

Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 15,000 and 

under 25,000 

Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co., towns 25,000 and 

over 

Nebraska Telephone Co., Omaha, Nebr 

New England Telephone and Telegraph Co., Boston, 

Mass 

New York Telephone Co., New York, N. Y 

Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns under 

5,000 

Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 5,000 and 

under 15,000 - 

Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 15,000 

and under 25,000 

Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co., towns 25,000 

and over 



Average 

monthly 

rate of 

wages. 



Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., Los Angeles, Cal. . 

Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., Portland, Oreg 

Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co. , San Francisco, Cal. 

Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co. , Seattle, Wash 

Rockv Mountain Bell Telephone Co., Salt Lake City, 
Utah 

Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Atlanta, 
Ga 

Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Birming- 
ham, Ala 

Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., Richmond, 
Va 

Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co., Dallas, Tex 

All Bell companies 

INDEPENDENT COMPANIES. 

Kansas City Home Telephone Co., Kansas City, Mo 

Louisville Home Telephone Co., Louisville, Ky 

Maryland Telephone Co., Baltimore, Md 



All independent companies . 



Per cent of operators in wage group 
in which largest number are em- 
ployed. 



$15 
and 
mder 

§20. 



§29. 44 
29. 16! 

27.55 
25.04 1 
27. 70 ; 

27. 09' 
31.69 

27. 74 
26.61 
25.59 
33. 48 

23.31 

22.40 



24. 37 . . . 
18.21 38.73 



19.92 

i 

22.98 

26.03 
29. 52 

33.01' 

36.90 

I 
23. 71 

25. 17 

22.63 



27. 99 
35. 09 

34. 74 

35. 84 
35. 00, 

34. 84 

I 
24. 78 

I 
24.01 

I 
25.53 
27.32 



$20 
and 
under 
§25. 



§25 
and 
under 
§30. 



34. 7G 



54. 75 
39.44 



42.02 
58.29 



and 

under 

§35. 



§35 
and 
under 
§40. 



36.27 



5S. 



50. 18 

24. 28 ! 



45. 54 
45.45 



§40 
and 
under 
§45. 



49. 85 



50.94 



39. 50 
25.23 



50.00 
34. 23 
41.67 



32. 73 

38.51 
32. 21 



33.81 
39.73 
43.86 



30.91 



32. 6S 



38.58 
36. 53 



36.31 



30. 21 



26.00 ; \ 53.42 

19.07a30.40 ! ' ' 

25.27 1 1 50.00 



24.38, I I 47.7lL 



28. 83 



52.44 



a §10 and under §15. 



96 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



AVERAGE MONTHLY RATE OF WAGES OF TELEPHONE OPERATORS AND CLASSIFIED 
WAGE GROUPS IN WHICH THE LARGEST PERCENTAGES OF OPERATORS ARE 
FOUND— Concluded. 





Average 

monthly 

rate of 

wages. 


Per cent of operators in wage group 
in which largest number are em- 
ployed. 


Company. 


$15 

and 

under 

$20. 


$20 

and 

under 

$25. 


$25 

and 

under 

$30. 


$30 

and 

under 

$35. 


$35 
and 
under 
$40. 


$40 

and 

under 

$45. 


AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 


$32. 79 
30. 87 
31.15 
30.00 
30.38 
38.53 
33.49 
33.79 
32.00 






33.33 

52.43 
38.46 
57.14 
46.15 




























38.46 




Kansas City, Mo 








Minneapolis, Minn 












New York, N. Y 










38.53 












31.51 




Pittsburg, Pa 








27.27 
40.00 




St. Louis, Mo 








40.00 














All American Telephone and Telegraph E xchanges . 


34.45 




23.98 










1 









This table shows that while the average monthly rate in St. Louis, 
Mo., is, for the Bell company, $29.44, the largest number of oper- 
ators have a rate of $25 and under $30 a month, and that this 
greatest number of operators constitutes 34.76 per cent of all oper- 
ators. In Baltimore, while the average is $27.70, 58.96 per cent of 
all operators have a monthly rate of $30 and under $35. In New 
York City, with an average rate for all of $36.96, the largest number, 
which by reference to general Table V, E, page 320, is ascertained 
to be 1,032, or 36.53 per cent, falls in the $30 and under $35 
classification. 

To go a step further in the analysis of this average, let us take up 
the figures for Chicago, in connection with the automatic-promotion 
schedule shown above. 

The average monthly rate of wages for 3,385 Bell telephone switch- 
board operators in Chicago is $31.69. Of these, 731, or 21.6 per cent, 
are in the group receiving $20 and under $25 a month, which would 
include those who had worked six months or less at the switchboard, 
according to the company's scale of promotions. The second group 
rate, i. e., $25 and under $30, would include, in a general way, all 
who had worked more than six months and less than one year, except 
the short-day operators ; in this grouping we find 459 operators, or 
13.56 per cent of the total. The $30 and under $35 group given in 
the text table above, and which contains 822 persons as shown by 
the general table, comprises 24.28 per cent of all operators. This 
group includes practically all those who are in the second year of 
their employment as telephone operators. The next group, $35 and 
under $40, contains 732 persons, or 21.62 per cent of all operators, 
and in a general way includes all third-year operators. 



CHAPTER I. — GENERAL DISCUSSION. 



97 



In cities where an automatic system of wage-rate increases prevail, 
these percentages at given rates indicate in a general way the length 
of service of the employees. 

Combining these data by systems, as the Bell companies, inde- 
pendent companies, and American Telephone and Telegraph Com- 
pany, and disregarding localities, the following table shows the number 
of female switchboard operators working at classified monthly rates 
of wages, and the per cent that number is of the total number of such 
operators reported by the system. For the Bell system, the largest 
number of operators, 4,562, fall in the $30 and under $35 class, and 
these constitute 28.06 per cent of the 16,258 operators working for 
the Bell companies from whom pay-roll cards were received. Of 
the 513 female operators reported b}^ the American Telephone and 
Telegraph Company exchanges, 123, or 23.98 per cent, fall in the 
$25 and under $30 group, and this was the largest number falling in 
any one group; while 271 operators out of the 568 returns from 
independent companies fall within the same group, and these con- 
stitute 47.71 per cent of that total. 

NUMBER AND PER CENT OF TELEPHONE OPERATORS IN EACH CLASSIFIED WAGE 

GROUP, BY SYSTEMS. 





Operators employed by- 


Classified rates of wages. 


Bell system. 


Independent 
companies. 


American Tele- 
phone and Tele- 
graph Company. 




Number. 


Per cent. 


Number. Per cent. 


Number. 


Per cent. 




17 
109 


0.10 

.67 

4.85 

13.49 

22.50 

28.06 

17.55 

10.71 

1.67 

.26 

.12 


| 








39 

35 
161 
271 

60 

1 
1 


6.87 
6.16 
28.35 
47.71 
10.56 
.18 
.18 






$15 and under $23 . . . 789 






$20 and under $2.3 


2,194 

3,658 

4,562 

2,854 

1,742 

272 

42 

19 


6 
123 

87 

117 

117 

48 

15 


1.17 


$25 and under $30 

$30 and under $35 

$35 and under $ / . . 


23.98 
16.96 

22.81 


$40 and under $45 


22.81 
9.36 


850 and under $55 




2.92 


$55 and over 

Total 










a 16, 258 


100. 00 


568 ' 100.00 


513 


100. 00 



a Not including 1 operator, rate not reported. 



RATES CHARGED FOR SERVICE. 

General Table I, D, pages 136 to 144 of this report, gives in some detail 
the various classes of service furnished the public by the several com- 
panies and the rates charged for such various services. 

The flat rate one party or special line service system is that for 

which a lump sum per telephone station per year or month is paid, 

the user being entitled to an unlimited number of calls, or unlimited 

use of his telephone, for both outgoing and incoming calls. This rate 

29480— S. Doc. 330, 61-2 7 



98 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

applies to single wire connections between the telephone instrument 
and the exchange to which it is attached, and to which wire line con- 
nections no other telephone user is connected. 

Flat rate party line, unlimited service, means that two or more 
telephones are connected with the same wire leading to the exchange 
and that the use of the telephone by any one of these precludes its 
use for the time by others on the line. Party line rates decrease as 
the number of parties on the line increases. At one time in some 
cities as many as 12 parties were served by one line. This usually 
applies to residence districts, and where 12 residences have their tele- 
phones connected with one wire leading to their exchange the 
restrictions on its use for any one of them become sometimes severe, 
though the company places no limit upon the use of the wire itself. 
The tendency has been more recently to limit the part}^-line service 
to four, and in a few places six parties to one line. Flat rates, whether 
for single telephones — i. e., special lines, or for party lines — generally 
restrict the users to calls within a certain zone or area, or to tele- 
phone connected with certain exchanges, beyond or outside of which 
"toll rates" apply even to users paying flat rates. 

In a few instances the distance of the telephone from its connecting 
exchange is an element in the rate. 

Measured service means a rate at which a certain maximum number 
of calls per month or year is allowed for the lump sum designated as 
the rate, while additional calls are charged for at a stipulated price 
per call. A measured service special line rate would mean, for in- 
stance, a telephone with no other party on the line, over which 800 
calls could be made per year for $60 a year, additional calls to be paid 
for at 2 cents per call. Measured service rates apply to business and 
to residence telephones, and to a more than one party line in precisely 
the same way that flat rates apply. As in flat rates, the measured 
service rate on a more than one party line is usually lowered as the 
number of parties on the line increases. 

Automatic slot machine rates are, of course, by the single call, except 
that in some instances they are installed on a guarantee of a certain 
number of calls per month and a less rate charged for additional calls. 
Some companies make special rates to joint users of one telephone; 
others do not. 

For comparison of rates between cities or of any one city with 
others, the reader must refer to the general table, as manifestly no 
satisfactory combination for comparative purposes can be made here. 

GENERAL SUMMARY AND REVIEW. 

The telephone industry presents a number of peculiar features 
from the point of view of labor. It is one of the large industries for 
the employment of women. One branch of it, switchboard oper- 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 99 

ating — at first the work of men and young boys — has gradually been 
monopolized by women, until, except in rare instances (usually on 
night work in lonely and unprotected exchanges) men are no longer 
employed. The number of women in this branch of work is rapidly 
increasing, so that in many cities it now ranks among the chief occu- 
pations for women, and everywhere ranks close after saleswomen and 
stenographers as a field of work for women. To these callings it is 
further analogous in that it draws its personnel from the same social 
groups. 

From the point of view of the conditions of labor the telephone 
industry is peculiar hi that it requires continuous work for 24 hours 
each day, 365 days each year, with never a holiday to "stop the 
machinery." Furthermore, it does not afford a steady volume of 
work. The "load," or number of calls received, is not constant in 
quantity, but reaches its maximum, known as the "peak of the 
load," between ten and eleven o'clock each morning, then subsides, 
and rises to a slightly less heavy load during the latter part of the 
afternoon. The hours at which the loads are heaviest in residential 
districts are slightly different from those in business districts. In 
the evening and on Sundays and holidays when the work in the 
latter districts is at its lowest, the residence telephones are usually 
busiest. This gives rise to peculiar conditions, requiring special 
organization of the labor forces, as regards shifts and hours, to meet 
the varying volume of traffic. 

To the public a telephone is a bit of pure mechanism in which the 
personal element has little play. This attitude is largely the result 
of the highly organized methods employed in manipulating the tele- 
phone system, whereby the subscriber is but seldom brought into 
personal contact with the operators of the mechanism. Let, how- 
ever, a delay occur or a mistake be made, and the subscriber is at 
once keenly alive to the human element at the other end of the line 
in the person of the operator, whom he deems responsible for this 
condition. The delay may perhaps have been due to the operator's 
mistake or carelessness, but again it may have been due to some out- 
side cause for which she was not responsible — some sudden and 
unexpected trouble on the wires which caused her to get false signals ; 
a change in the subscriber's number, or any one of a dozen causes. 
The operator is not permitted to take time to explain, lest in so doing 
a dozen other subscribers be kept waiting for service. While she has 
been caring for one call, others have been waiting, and she must 
answer as rapidly as possible, and above all, must not show haste or 
carelessness in her manner of answering. The efficiency of the tele- 
phone service is to be traced in a large measure to the work of the 
operator and the conditions under which her work is performed. 



100 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

The center of the telephone system is the exchange. Here are 
located the large switchboards by means of which subscribers' tele- 
phones are interconnected. On entering this room one sees a number 
of young women seated side by side, on adjustable chairs facing the 
switchboards. These consist of a cabinet about six feet in height 
from which, at an elevation convenient for the seated operators, 
extends a horizontal shelf from 6 to 14 inches in width. On this shelf 
are the cords and plugs used by the operator in making connections. 
Here are also the keys by which she rings her subscriber's telephone 
bells and opens the circuit wires to put herself in communication 
with the subscriber. 

Above the key shelf, on the vertical part of the switchboard, every 
telephone has its terminal or answering u jack," which consists of 
two small metal springs set in a circular orifice connected to the 
subscriber's line. On the newer type of common battery boards there 
is a central lamp known as the " pilot lamp" which tells the operator 
whenever a call comes on her board. There is also a small lamp 
located directly under each terminal, and when a subscriber signals 
the operator for service, both these lamps light and show her whence 
the call comes. The older switchboards display a number called a 
"drop" because of the method of signaling. 

The switchboard is usually divided into sections of about six feet 
in length. Each of these sections is occupied by three operators' 
positions, allowing 24 inches approximately to one operator. On the 
lower part of each position are a certain number of subscribers' 
terminals, and above these are the " multiple" jacks by means of 
which the operator can connect the calling party with the person or 
station desired. These jacks are repeated or " multiplied" through- 
out the switchboard, usually once in each section. This arrangement 
makes it possible for an operator to reach any one of the u multiple" 
jacks at any part of the switchboard without having to learn relative 
positions of lines anew. 

Switchboards are either of the common battery or of the magneto 
type. The former are used almost entirely in large cities, and there- 
fore serve the bulk of telephone subscribers. These switchboards are 
practically all of the manual type, that require the work of an opera- 
tor to complete connections. The automatic telephones are not yet 
extensively used. In small towns there is usually but one exchange. 
In larger cities it has been found of greater value to have several 
exchanges in different parts of the city, each with facilities for com- 
pleting the connections of its local subscribers. If the calls are for 
another district, they are " trunked" to the exchange in that district, 
where the connection is completed. 

The telephone line consists of two wires which lead from the sub- 
scriber's instrument through overhead wires or cables or through 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 101 

underground cables to the switchboard in the exchange. When a 
subscriber wishes to use his telephone, he turns the handle of his 
magnetogenerator or lifts the receiver from the hook. Thereupon a 
signal is displayed at the terminal of his line on the switchboard. 
When the operator receives this signal, she connects her "set" (a 
receiver strapped upon her ear and a transmitter suspended in front 
of her) with the subscriber's terminal. She then throws a lever, 
known as a " listening key," which puts her in communication with 
the calling party. This action extinguishes the signal, if a lamp 
signal is used. She asks the number wanted and connects the lines. 
This is done with short flexible cords ending in metal plugs, one plug 
being inserted in the subscriber's line and the other in the end of 
the line belonging to the called party. Before inserting the plug in 
the line of the called party, however, the operator tests the line by 
touching the end of the plug to the line's spring jack. If the line is 
busy, this action causes the operator's receiver to emit a loud click; 
if the' line is out of order, a singing sound is heard, and the operator 
so reports to the calling party. If no sound is heard, the plug is 
inserted in the spring jack. The operator then rings the called party 
by means of a key which turns on the ringing current, at the same 
time disconnecting her listening circuit. 

Connected with each pair of cords and plugs are two small lamps, 
each lamp acting as signal for the cord with which it corresponds. 
When the operator inserts the plug into each j ack, the corresponding 
lamp is lighted. WTien the called party removes his receiver from 
the hook, these lights are extinguished, showing the operator that 
her ringing has been answered. During conversation the lamps are 
out, but as soon as the parties thereto hang up their receivers both 
lamps light. This signals the operator to take down the connection 
and leave the jacks free for use on another call. If either subscriber 
wishes to attract the attention of the operator, he moves his receiver 
hook up and down several times, ancT that in turn causes the corre- 
sponding lamp to flash as a signal for the operator to open her listen- 
ing key and ask what he wishes. 

In the large cities not all subscribers' lines terminate in any one 
exchange. A system has been devised whereby a connecting link is 
established between the exchanges. The subscribers' lines are con- 
nected at the ends of this link and so put into communication. The 
general method of establishing this connection is as follows: When 
an operator receives a call for a subscriber whose line does not termi- 
nate in the exchange in which she is located, she is unable to com- 
plete the connection herself. She then has recourse to what is 
known as "trunking" the call — that is, she employs a line called a 
" circuit" or " order" wire, and by this means reaches an operator in 
the exchange wanted. These order wires are special circuits by 



102 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

which any subscriber's operator may put herself in communication 
with a trunking operator in each of the other exchanges. Having 
reached a trunking operator, she repeats the number desired, and the 
operator in the second exchange thereupon assigns a " trunk" line, 
over which connection is established between the two exchanges and 
the called party's line is joined thereto and the parties put into 
communication . 

The operator who receives calls direct from subscribers is known 
as an "A" operator and her board as an "A" board. The operator 
who receives calls from operators in other exchanges and assigns 
trunk lines to them in order to complete connections is known as a 
U B" operator and her board as the a B" board. Sometimes an U A" 
board is built to receive incoming calls only and has no multiple, 
and in this case the calls are trunked over to the local a B" operator 
in the same way that calls between exchanges are handled. 

The methods of making connections above outlined are those fol- 
lowed in the usual local connection. There are, however, three dis- 
tinct types of telephone messages: Local, long distance, and toll. A 
local message is ordinarily one that is conveyed within the city in 
which the calling subscribers are located. A toll message is a mes- 
sage traveling between two public exchanges that belong to the same 
system, but are, as a rule, located in different towns. A long-distance 
message is usually one that passes between exchanges of two different 
systems. 

For the work in the operating room there is one general form of 
organization modified to suit local needs. Naturally the larger num- 
ber of the employees attend to the ordinary routine of interconnecting 
subscribers. For efficient and rapid work they are held to a strict 
discipline, with well-defined duties for each group of employees. The 
usual arrangement of force and assignment of duties is thus outlined : 

The operator is the person who comes in direct contact with the 
subscriber, taking his orders and making connections for him. She 
is permitted the use of certain set phrases only and is not allowed to 
enter into any conversation with subscribers, lest by so doing she fail 
to answer other calls that are awaiting her service. There are some- 
times a great number of calls coming to her at one time during busy 
hours, and before these are all answered, several more may be await- 
ing attention. The operators are supposed not only to answer the 
calls arising directly in front of them, but also to assist the operators 
on either side of them when possible. 

Back of the operators' positions walk the supervisors. Each 
supervisor is assigned to a group of from six to fifteen operators, to 
help them when they are too busy, to correct mistakes, and handle 
any complications. In case circumstances arise which make it neces- 
sary to enter into explanations with a subscriber, the operator dis- 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 103 

plays a signal which calls her supervisor to handle the matter. Each 
supervisor usually has assigned to her a " senior operator," whose 
duty is to fill any vacant place at the switchboard or relieve the 
supervisor in case she becomes ill or is obliged to leave her position 
temporarily. The supervisors are directly responsible to the chief 
operator and her assistant. These are generally the highest authori- 
ties in the operating room. The manager usually has charge of 
several offices in a group, and these group managers report to the 
superintendent of traffic, who is chief of the operating service. 

There are also certain special operators : The information operator, 
whose duty it is to inform subscribers of numbers not yet in the 
telephone book and to give kindred information; the " trouble" or 
"hospital" operator, to whose position all "out of order" lines are 
connected until the maintenance department has located and removed 
the trouble; the monitor, who from a desk position listens on the 
various operators' lines. The monitors add another form of super- 
vision, helping locate irregularities of service and certain mechanical 
troubles on the lines. 

Telephone operating requires definite mental and physical qualifi- 
cations, and also certain preliminary educational qualifications. 
Height, age, sight, hearing, and voice must all be considered. Enun- 
ciation must be clear and speech free from accent. This last-named 
qualification practically bars foreign-born women from finding places 
in an operating room. 

The analysis made of a representative telephone office in a large 
city is typical of average nativity conditions. Of 70 operators in 
this exchange, 69 are reported as American born, the nationality of 
one is reported unknown. Of the 69, 47 are of American-born 
parents, 9 have one parent foreign born, and 13 are of foreign 
parentage. 

Not only are there preliminary requisites of training, but before an 
applicant can "run" a switchboard special training in that work is 
required. Recognizing these facts, practically all of the larger tele- 
phone companies now maintain special schools in which operators 
are trained for their work before being sent to the switchboards in a 
public exchange. 

While the opinions of different managers vary concerning the ages 
at which operators can best be trained, the limits are usually between 
fifteen and twenty-five years of age, a decided inclination toward 
the older group being shown for those who are designed for toll and 
long-distance operating. In most instances the applicants must be 
over five feet in height in order to be able to reach the required dis- 
tances on the switchboard. Both sight and hearing must be unim- 
paired, and voice of good quality. Neatness and general appearance 
are taken into account, and while the educational standard varies, 



104 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

most operators will be found to have had at least a fifth-grade educa- 
tion, while some companies exact a full grammar-school education 
as a requisite part of an applicant's attainments. In all companies 
it is usual to make some test of the applicant's sight, hearing, and 
enunciation, and to ask about her general health. When the close 
proximity in which operators must sit at the switchboard is remem- 
bered, the necessity of more universal adoption of closer medical 
tests for applicants will be apparent. Even aside from all other 
considerations, the financial saving to the telephone companies in 
not having the expense of training physically unfit persons has its 
due weight. 

Once accepted, the applicant is sent to the school for a period, 
usually four weeks. She is there taught the methods of operating. 
Besides attending lectures, she spends some time at a dummy switch- 
board and is given practice in the actual handling of calls. These 
calls are made by the school instructors who at the same time super- 
vise the manner in which the student answers and completes the con- 
nection. Thus the student enters the exchange with some grasp of the 
methods of actual service. The advantage of preliminary training, 
whether given in the school or in the exchange itself, is threefold: 
To the student it means a more thorough training under less nervous 
strain than would be possible in the busy exchange ; to the telephone 
company it means an opportunity to weed out unsuitable students 
(which is indirectly an advantage to these students themselves in 
the saving of their time) and to secure more thoroughly instructed 
operators, thereby avoiding a large percentage of mistakes in the 
handling of calls; to the public it means service from a more com- 
petent operating force. 

In any discussion of conditions under which women work in a 
telephone exchange certain facts relative to the peculiar nature of 
the occupation must be borne in mind in order to appreciate the 
need of special comfort and hygienic conditions in their surroundings. 
In the sewing trades, for instance, a person handling a high-power 
machine must keep his eyes watching and his hands guiding, but his 
mind need think of but one process, which in time becomes semi- 
mechanical. In feeding a machine the same conditions prevail. A 
stenographer and typewriter comes nearer to the telephone operator 
in the varied use of her faculties. Here, however, the introduction 
of the "touch system" has greatly lessened her eye strain when 
doing typewriting, and as she becomes expert she watches her page 
less closely when taking dictation or while doing court reporting. 

In order to fulfill ideal requirements the operator must have her 
wits always alert, a quick eye, auditory nerves always ready to catch 
the words of the subscriber or supervisor, a steady hand, a pleasant 
and clear voice, and, first and last, ability to keep her temper un- 



CHAPTER T. GENERAL DTSCUSSTON. 105 

ruffled, no matter what happens. Not only must she be alert while 
actively occupied in answering calls, but she must watch constantly 
even when she sees no signal to be answered lest one escape her 
notice. 

This is more readily appreciated when it is remembered that in the 
handling of the simplest form of connection, as above described, 
there are involved eleven processes on the usual type of common 
battery board. First, when attention is attracted b}^ the pilot lamp 
(the general signal) the operator's eyes follow the lines of signals on 
the terminals on her position; (2) this located, she (3) puts the plug 
into the terminal, (4) opens her listening key, (5) asks for number 
desired, (6) locates that number on the multiple, (7) tests the jack to 
see that the line is not in use, (8) inserts her plug, (9) rings the called 
party. She then (10) must watch the signal lamps to see that the 
called party answers and that connection is established. As soon as 
the lamps relight she must be alert for this signal and (11) take down 
the cords at once. This is the simplest form of connection, and these 
processes — more complicated on the less direct forms of connection — 
are carried on during the entire working day, sometimes with such 
rapidity that over 350 connections are made in a busy hour. In fact, 
one exchange reported a record of 25 calls answered in 2 minutes and 
9 seconds, or an average of 5.16 seconds per call. While this speed is 
nowhere long maintained, or even aimed at as a constant standard, 
there is even at the dullest hour the need of watchfulness lest a signal 
go unnoticed. This constant alertness for possible signals in itself 
involves continuous strain. 

In the review of the methods of handling calls there is at once 
apparent the constant use of the eyes in finding numbers, in copying 
tickets on measured service and party-line calls, or in noting any lines 
"out of order" for the guidance of the maintenance department. 
The auditory nerves must be constantly active. The muscles of 
arms and hand are brought into constant play, this muscular action 
extending over the entire body when reaching for high numbers on 
the multiple; precision and a sense of touch are also involved, as the 
testing of a jack and the insertion of the plug require exactness. 
The voice must be kept clear and strong. The mind must be kept 
clear, to control at once each needed move, and the nerves must be 
steady. Colds and headache must be avoided, since they tend to at 
once deaden the special senses needed in giving satisfactory telephone 
operating. In order to keep the physical condition of the operator 
at a high standard, ventilation, heating, freedom from irritating 
effects of dust or draft must be striven for and light must be amply 
provided. 

These being the conditions, it can readily be seen that the health 
of the operator is vital in the work she does, and that light, heat, 



106 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

ventilation, and general comfort all play their part in the quality of 
service rendered. That the companies themselves recognize these 
facts is shown by the following quotation from an article entitled "A 
profession for women workers/' published by one of the larger 
telephone companies: "The telephone company recognizes the in- 
fluences which pleasant surroundings and comfortable and well- 
ventilated operating rooms have on the quality of work performed 
by the employees and that such environment attracts and keeps the 
better type. This in itself makes for better service and results in 
mutual benefit and satisfaction alike to the company, its employees, 
and its patrons." 

Another factor to be borne in mind is that it is the universal policy 
of telephone companies to employ the best type of women obtainable, 
and to do this they must keep up the standard of the surroundings in 
which their employees pass their time. 

For these reasons there will be found on the whole better conditions 
in the telephone exchange than in the average workroom or large 
office as regards lighting, heating, and ventilation. There are notable 
exceptions to this statement, chiefly in the case of exchanges that 
are in rented quarters, not built originally for the special purpose 
to which they have been put. However, in nearly every instance 
the light, natural and artificial, is sufficient. The daylight, in the 
operating room must not be too bright lest it make less noticeable the 
glowing of the signal lamps on the switchboard. In a number of 
exchanges there is resort to artificial light during the day. 

Artificial light is abundantly supplied in all but a few instances. 
Working day after day and month after month in a room depending 
almost entirely upon artificial light is, however, depressing, if not 
unhealthful. 

The usual method of lighting the board is to have a row of electric 
lights along the upper part of the switchboard, hooded so as to keep 
the light upon the board and out of the eyes of the operators. 

It is a growing custom in telephone offices to place the boards around 
the room in the form of a "U." The face of the boards is toward the 
center of the room with the chief operators' and monitors' desks placed 
in the center. The windows are across the open end of the "IT." 
Windows are also placed back of the boards; but in a number of 
instances these are not high enough to let in light and air above the 
board. One office has high windows with sashes which open inward 
from the top, thus cutting off direct draft. These sashes are painted 
green, which softens the light considerably. 

Lack of sufficient ventilation seems to be one of the greatest faults 
to be found with telephone operating rooms. When boards are 
placed in the U U" shape described above the fresh air is largely cut 
off because the height of the switchboards makes a most effective 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 107 

screen. When the boards are placed in a diametrically opposite 
formation, facing outward, so that operators sit with their backs to 
the windows there is constant complaint of drafts, and windows are 
kept closed when the general atmosphere of the room demands 
changing, so that often, despite the presence of fans and ample window 
space, the room is found to be close. This lack of ventilation is the 
more serious as the operators are seated closely side by side, two feet 
of board being the usual space allotted to a person. All possible care 
is therefore needed to keep the air pure and clean in order to counter- 
act the possible effects of this crowded condition. 

Some of the larger exchanges have systems of ventilation, forced 
drafts, etc., that keep the air changed, but in many instances, espe- 
cially in medium-sized exchanges, windows and fans are relied upon. 
On rainy days the windows are often closed to keep the dampness 
from affecting the cords, although proper protective covering of cords 
would obviate the necessity of this. It must also be borne in mind 
that the room is in constant use, every hour out of the 24, every day 
in the year, week day and holiday alike. This means that there is 
never any considerable period of time when the room can be flooded 
with fresh air and all doors and windows opened without thought of 
cold or draft. Were the installation of a simple ventilating system 
a matter of great expense, the lack of it in many places could be 
reasonably accounted for, but when there are systems which are both 
inexpensive and in a large degree effective, one is at a loss to account 
for the poor ventilation. 

The greater proportion of operators are seated during working hours, 
and special adjustable chairs are provided for their use. The super- 
vising force is almost constantly standing or walking. In many 
exchanges rubber or cork composition carpets are laid back of the line 
of operators' chairs in order to make walking easier, but in a number 
of instances there is no covering over the wooden flooring. 

In some cases when operating rooms were above even the second 
or third floor there were no elevators in the building, and in many cases 
elevators did not run at such times as they were needed by the 
operators. An apparently unnecessary amount of climbing stairs was 
found to exist. 

In most of the telephone offices the toilets and wash-room facilities 
are ample, the plumbing modern, the walls and floors of tile or marble, 
towels and soap provided, and the rooms kept in excellent state of 
cleanliness. In two cities several of the larger exchanges are also 
provided with bath tubs, which are most valuable during the heat of 
summer, and especially to the night force. 

A number of the larger telephone companies provide comfortably 
furnished lunch rooms and serve tea and coffee for their operators. 
In at least two cities a lunch of meat, fruit, bread, and butter is added, 



i08 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

without expense to the employees, while in several cities a lunch is 
sold at or below cost of the food. In a number of cities the matron 
in charge cooks free of expense any simple food brought by the oper- 
ators, or orders may be left with the matron and food brought in from 
near-by restaurants. Some cities make ample provision in their larger 
exchanges, but in the outlying districts, where most of the operators 
live near their place of work, make no provision or supply no more 
than a table and gas stove. In a number of instances, notably in 
the exchanges of a company operating in several cities, an insufficient 
monthly allowance of coffee and tea is made. 

Night operators are more in need of hot food, or at least coffee, than 
are the day operators. That this provision is not made was seen in a 
number of exchanges visited. Even where no food is supplied night 
operators, there should be a stove and cooking utensils provided, 
although the force may consist of but one or two women. It is diffi- 
cult enough to make a cold lunch suffice in the daytime; at night the 
stimulus supplied by warm food is almost imperative. 

The necessity for a place of rest during relief periods is universally 
recognized. All exchanges visited reserve some space where oper- 
ators may spend relief and rest periods. In some instances these are 
only combination rest and lunch rooms. 

In all exchanges of any size, separate lockers are provided, each 
locker being assigned to two operators. The tendency is to put in 
openwork metal lockers which can be kept clean and well aired. 
Insufficient locker room is not uncommon, there being many places 
where three operators are obliged to share one locker and other places 
where part of the force are obliged to leave wraps on the tables or on 
nails on rest-room walls. 

In larger exchanges where night operators are granted some time 
during the night for sleeping, the provisions vary. In some places 
wicker couches are supplied. Some companies allow blankets and 
pillows also. One company, operating in several cities, has separate 
bedrooms, with iron beds and complete bedding. The value of this 
is, however, abated by the fact that there are not enough beds. Two 
operators are often obliged to share a bed, and one relay after the other 
occupies the same bed, using the same sheets, pillow cases, etc. Where 
some operators are scrupulously careful, and others are decidedly care- 
less, the dangers of infection far overbalance the comfort derived 
from this arrangement. 

The most general source of danger of infection lies in the telephone 
receiver. Except where the receiver is suspended from the board 
itself (usual in toll offices) each operator is assigned her own "set" of 
receiver and transmitter, which she keeps in her locker or in a separate 
pigeonhole. Some of the companies are most careful in the regular 
disinfection of these "sets." 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 109 

It is to be regretted that more complete data wtere not secured rela- 
tive to the systematic disinfection of operating sets, and that these 
data were not also secured from the companies to ascertain their 
rules. 

Transmitters and receivers serve as media of infection, especially 
in relation to tuberculosis. Although in many cases transmitters 
and receivers are carefully disinfected, this rule is far from universal. 
Where transmitters are suspended from the switchboard to be used 
by any operator, the danger is increased a hundredfold. Where 
there are no fixed transmitters and operators are supposed to keep 
their own "sets," there is more or less interchange of apparatus. 
This is due to the carelessness of some operators who go to the wrong 
pigeonhole or borrow a "set" from the bag of a locker mate. In 
either of these cases the rightful owner of the "set" may be on an- 
other shift and never learn that her apparatus has been used by some 
one else. Often, through thoughtlessness, an operator finding her 
"set" gone uses that of another person. 

In making provision for the comfort of operators a number of tele- 
phone companies have gone beyond the establishment of lunch rooms, 
rest, and locker rooms. In one large city, for instance, wherever prop- 
erty lines permit, the land adjacent to the exchange is made into a 
garden for the use of the operators. A number of the employees 
enjoy cultivating their own flower or vegetable beds, while others use 
the swings and garden chairs. In several metropolitan exchanges, 
the roof has been fitted with awnings and utilized as a summer rest 
room. Where this has been done it has provided most comfortable 
places of rest for employees, at very slight expense to the company. 

For a number of years various companies have supplied current 
magazines for their rest rooms, and operators have started libraries. 
In one instance, half the expense of all books purchased is borne by the 
company. In one city the telephone company facilitates the use of 
the public library by the operators in its large metropolitan exchanges. 
This company acts as guarantor for its operating force and sends its 
wagon to exchange books daily. It furthermore employs a trained 
library supervisor, who assists the operators in their choice of books. 
This supervisor edits also a monthly magazine for circulation among 
the operating force. This publication contains technical articles in 
popular form, matters of local interest, and a series of "health talks" 
by the company's physician. A number of telephone companies 
publish monthly journals for distribution throughout their various 
departments. 

In two cities some means of indoor exercise are provided, the one 
games, the other punching bags. In one city a piano has been placed in 
the large rest room and during recreation periods the operators are per- 
mitted to dance. As most of the operating force is seated the greater 



110 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION*. 

part of the day, recreation which involves standing and not too vio- 
lent motion stimulates circulation and is in itself a rest as well as a 
pleasure. In two cities occasional theatrical performances .or other 
entertainments are given. The operating force are the guests and also 
provide a large proportion of the entertainers. One exchange con- 
tains its own theater. In one city the operators have formed a sing- 
ing club. In several cities the operators have formed social clubs, 
sometimes in connection with the libraries, and the small dues are used 
for the purchase of books, flowers for members of the force who are 
ill, and an occasional outing for a day in the country or for a theater 
party. 

A very successful branch of a stamp savings society in one exchange 
has aided operators in saving up the means for needed summer vaca- 
tions or starting small savings accounts. A unique and practical pro- 
vision in a large exchange is a series of steam clothes driers, where on 
stormy days, operators who arrive at the exchange in wet skirts, may 
have their clothes rapidly dried. That this provision must keep down 
the percentage of absences caused by colds and sore throats, is obvi- 
vious, but it is of course practicable only in an exchange employing 
a large number of persons. 

Evening and split-trick work introduce one factor into telephone 
work which is not properly recognized except by one company. This 
is the fact that a large number of young women, many of them under 
18 years of age, are obliged to go home after nightfall. 

Overtime seems to be an integral part of the schedule of hours in a 
number of telephone companies. Operators not only are asked to 
take their turn in working extra hours, but in some companies a regu- 
lar extra period is assigned for certain days each week to each oper- 
ator. She is virtually compelled to do this extra work, lest by refus- 
ing she incur the displeasure of her chief operator or get the reputa- 
tion of shirking her share of work. 

This overtime varies in length from a few minutes to two and one-half 
hours, one company even posting a list apportioning two nights a week 
to each operator, on which nights she must be prepared to work over- 
time, if required. In one exchange operators report five days' suspen- 
sion for refusal to work overtime. Overtime is often most incon- 
venient, as in some companies it is demanded without previous notice 
and at times when it is practically impossible for an operator to 
remain at work. The rules requiring overtime need not necessarily 
involve hardship, conditions depending very much upon their admin- 
istration. Several companies have obviated real grievances by a 
system of calling for volunteers when necessity for overtime arises. 

A method of overtime work known as " working through" is in 
force in some cities, although this is never made compulsory. This 
means working on either split-trick or evening shift and then remain- 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. Ill 

ing on the night shift. In one company where the split-trick hours 
are 11 a. m. to 2 p. m. and 4 p. m. to 9 p. m. an operator " working 
through", would work from 11 a. m. to 2 p. m and again from 4 p. m. 
to 7 a. m., with 4i hours off during the night for lunch and sleep (a 
total of 13? hours). The next day the operator reports as usual. In 
one case a 15-year-old girl (who claims to be 16) reported " working 
through" four times in two weeks. 

A certain amount of Sunday work is required of all operators 
except the chief operators. Supervisors in some cities work a less 
number of Sundays per month than operators. Operators working 
in purely business sections work a less number of Sundays per month 
than operators in a residential district, as the bulk of Sunday and 
holiday work lies in the residential districts. 

Holiday work is also required. Operators are given either a cer- 
tain proportion of holidays free or a half day's work on each holiday. 
The number of recognized holidays varies from six to one, so that 
in no instance can an operator reckon on many special free days. A 
few companies grant Saturday half holiday during the summer, the 
operator getting a half day on alternate weeks. One company grants 
a half holiday each month for three consecutive months of good 
attendance, but, on the whole, holidays are the exception and not 
the rule. 

In some exchanges it is so difficult for operators to get a day off 
if they ask for it in advance that they perforce resort to the trick of 
"playing sick." In other exchanges operators know that if they 
ask in advance, their chief operator will do all. in her power to obtain 
a substitute at their positions or allow them to furnish a suitable sub- 
stitute. Where the latter method is in vogue, a refusal to grant the 
extra day of leave is usually taken in good part by the operator who 
realizes that at least an effort has been made in her behalf and the re- 
sultant loyalty is most apparent. 

Nearly all the larger telephone companies grant one week vacation 
with pay to all operators who have completed a year of service. 
Some companies permit operators to take a second week at their own 
expense, with the assurance that their positions will be held for them. 

There is no regular provision for sick leave. Only in most excep- 
tional cases is sick leave with pay granted to an operator. There 
is considerable complaint on the part of operators concerning the 
difficulty of getting "relief" when ill. Some of them even stated 
that when feeling slightly ill they would stay home and lose a whole 
day's work rather than go to the exchange and risk being refused 
permission to go home should their illness grow more serious. 

These conditions — curtailment of relief, compulsory overtime work, 
Sunday and holiday work — can not perhaps be done away with entirely, 
owing to the peculiar conditions of telephone work. That these 



112 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

conditions could, to a large degree, be modified by the employment 
of a proportionate relief force is shown by the experience of exchanges 
where this is done. In these exchanges overtime comes but seldom, 
and then usually as a result of abnormal number of absences from 
the operating force or of an unexpected load of business on the wires. 
Such exceptional conditions are likely to happen in any exchange, 
and operators on these occasions are, as a rule, willing to give the 
extra time demanded of them. Thus at the time of a great fire 
(Iroquois Theater, Chicago), when hundreds of lives were lost, oper- 
ators actually refused to leave their posts when told to do so and 
had to be forced to take rest. Many of them did not go away from 
the exchange building for over twenty-four hours. Such events 
are, however, beside the question. The grievance is in this time 
schedule which, in addition to a definite number of hours of regular 
work, imposes also overtime at least one day a week (usually about 
2\ hours) and also work on two Sundays out of the month. For the 
operator such a schedule signifies practically no time for recreation 
or for rest. 

In the normal 30-day month, on an 8|-hour schedule, it means 248 
hours work, a weekly rate of 57} hours, while a 9-hour day would 
give a weekly rate of 61 hours. ( a ) Although a glance at the usual 
day's schedule gives the impression of a short working day in the 
telephone industry, the weekly total of hours is proof that the hours 
are not short. A week of 57} to 61 hours means longer hours than 
are demanded in department stores, offices, and even in most fac- 
tories. These conditions can be remedied, as is shown by the schedule 
of several important companies. A small force of extra relief opera- 
tors would, to a large degree, minimize the curtailment of relief 
periods and the amount of overtime required as well as somewhat 
reduce the amount of holiday work required. While there must 
always be Sunday and holiday work, at least two large companies 
have discovered that this need not mean seven days' work each 
week. They require their operating force to take one day's holiday 
during the week when Sunday service has been rendered. Some 
operators object to this enforced holiday, others prefer the occa- 
sional free week day. Whatever be the preferences of the operators, 
there can be no doubt that the general result must in the long run 
make for health. 

Many operators desire overtime because their financial needs are 
such that all extra earnings mean much to them, but where overtime 
is not paid at a higher rate it is only the exceptional woman who 
desires it; who does not specifically state that the "regular week's 

a In cases where operators "work through" twice a week (as elsewhere described) 
would bring the total up to 67. While this is not a regular thing, it is done with suf- 
ficient frequency to be worth noting. 



CHAPTER I. GENERAL DISCUSSION. 113 

work is all she can do." It would seem, therefore, that unless 
driven by need, the workers themselves feel overtime to be too great 
a physical tax. 

In a city, for example, where overtime is not above the average 
the company reports that day operators are on the premises 10 hours 
with 1| hours out for lunch and relief, but on overtime they are on 
the premises 12£ hours. Allowing J hour out for supper, their 8^ 
hours actual work become 10J hours. 

In the same city the split- time operators work 8 J or 8f hours per 
day, their free time being 2h, 3, or 4 hours between tricks, so that 
they have time to go home to dinner. But many of them have 
such hours that to all practical purposes they have lost both day and 
evening for their own use, and the same may be said of many evening 
operators who begin work at 11 a. m. and work until 8.30 or 9.30 p. m. 
The great objection to split time, which gives the usual working 
hours spread oyer an unusually long day, is that the feeling that work 
is not over and that one must go back for several hours more keeps 
the free hours between tricks from meaning the complete rest and 
relaxation that comes with the sense that the day's work is done. 

A glance at the table of hours will show that 12, 13, and even 14 
hours a day are not unusual limits of split- time tricks; and while 
these may mean only 7 to 8f hours actual work, they also mean that 
a woman who leaves her home before six in the morning to work, 
does not fully lay off that burden of work until after eight at night, 
and in many instances lives too far from her work to make going 
home between tricks advisable or restful. 

In the very large companies the new operators who are assigned 
to either evening or split-time work are reasonably sure of being 
advanced to regular day work within their first year, but in the 
smaller cities this is less true, and the plan adopted by one company 
of having all operators take one day a week on split time, not only 
insures having a goodly number of experienced operators at work 
during the peak of the load both a. m. and p. m., but also prevents 
split time being too great a burden. While some operators object 
to this and feel that the "new girls" should bear all the burden, 
there is a large proportion who say that doing split time once a week 
on a regular day gives them a chance to attend to business matters 
before the closing of shops and offices. 
29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 8 



CHAPTER II. 



ANALYSIS OF TABLES. 



115 



CHAPTER II. 

ANALYSIS OF TABLES. 

The tables which form the statistical part of this report are listed 

by titles as follows : 

Table I. — Employment and working conditions in specified telephone companies, 
as reported by officials of the companies: 
A. — Location and size of operating rooms and air space per person. 
B. — Time allowance for handling calls, plug connections per hour, length of over- 
time day and rate paid, minimum age of employees, and wages at begin- 
ning work. 
C. — Shifts required, companies providing night alarms and in which overtime 

work is optional, and holidays and vacations granted. 
D. — Rates charged for telephone service. 

E. — Distribution of operators, total original calls, and average calls per operator, 
during each hour of the day. 
Table II. — Working conditions in specified telephone companies, as reported by 

special agents. 
Table III. — Summary of employment and working conditions in telephone com- 
panies, as reported by employees: 
A. — Occupation, sex, length of employment in telephone service, and age of 

employees at entering service. 
B. — Lunch time, relief, and number of employees working overtime. 
C. — Length of overtime day, choice of exchange and hours of work, health, care 
of operating set, and number of employees who live at home or board and 
who ride or walk to work. 
Table IV. — Summary, for all telephone companies, of employment and working con- 
ditions, as reported by employees: 
A. — Occupation, sex, length of employment in telephone service, and age of 

employees at entering service. 
B. — Lunch time, relief, and number of employees working overtime. 
C. — Length of overtime day, choice of exchange and hours of work, health, care of 
operating set, and number of employees who live at home or board and 
who ride or walk to work. 
Table V. — Rates of wages and earnings of employees in certain telephone companies 
during a pay-roll period in 1908, as reported by officials of the companies: 
A. — Classified rates of wages, and hours of labor, by occupations. 
B. — Summary, for telephone systems, of classified rates of wages, and hours of 

labor, by occupations. 
C. — Number and per cent of employees whose earnings during their respective 
pay-roll period were less than, equal to, or greater than full-time earnings 
at specified rates. 
D. — Summary, for -telephone systems, of number and per cent of employees whose 
earnings during their respective pay-roll period were less than, equal to, or 
greater than full-time earnings at specified rates. 
E. — Number and per cent of operators, by classified wage groups. 

The summary for all companies of operators by classified wage 
groups, being a summary of Table V, E, has been used as a text table 
'in the discussion of wages and will be found on page 97 of this report. 
A brief explanation of these various tables follows: 
Table I covers all of the essential details of employment and work- 
ing conditions, by companies and by cities and towns, as recorded by 

117 



118 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

officials of such companies, on the establishment schedule or B. L. 433, 
a copy of which is given in Appendix A, pages 325 to 327. 

Table I, A. This table deals with size of operating rooms, from 
which cubic contents is derived, expressed in cubic feet of air space. 
The table shows the maximum number of persons employed in such 
rooms and the cubic feet in room per person so employed. Assuming 
500 cubic feet per person as the standard of reasonable requirements 
for working space, the facts developed in this table will be found suf- 
ficiently commented upon in the text. 

Table I, B, deals with the character of calls handled by the com- 
pany reporting, time allowed operators for handling calls, the number 
of calls per hour which an operator on an "A" board and an operator 
on a "B" board would be expected to handle to be considered effi- 
cient, the maximum length of overtime day, and the rate at which 
overtime is paid for as compared with regular time rates. 

The overtime day here must be understood to be the regular hours 
plus the overtime. That is, the hours shown in this table are not 
overtime hours but the total hours for an employee on days when 
overtime is worked. If an operative's regular hours were 9 and she 
was required at times to work a maximum of 2 hours overtime, the 
maximum length of her overtime day as shown in this table would be 
11 hours. 

The concluding columns in this table show the minimum age at 
which applicants for employment are accepted and the rate of wages 
paid beginners. The essential conditions developed by this table 
have been considered in Chapter I. 

Table I, C. This table deals with required shifts of employment or 
tricks ; whether or not the company supplies night alarms, commonly 
known as "buzzers," for night operators; and whether or not the mat- 
ter of working overtime is optional with employees (24 companies 
reporting that it is optional, 27 reporting that with them it is not). 
The question of each company's practices as to holidays and vacations 
is brought out by this table, as is also the payment or nonpayment 
of applicants while in training or learning the business. Here we find 
that 42 companies pay operatives while learning, while 10 companies 
do not. 

Some explanation is perhaps necessary to a proper understanding 
of the use and purpose of night alarms as brought out in this table. 
It frequently happens that during certain hours of the night the calls 
are so few that it becomes very tiresome and entirely unnecessary for the 
night operators to sit at their positions at the switchboard. Some 
companies provide an arrangement which acts in the night as the 
"pilot lamp" does in the day, i. e., it notifies the operator that there 
is a call. These alarms or buzzers may be placed at the head of a 
couch or in the rest room, and so enable the night force to be as com- 
fortable as possible and yet not neglect their duties. 



CHAPTER IT. ANALYSIS OF TABLES. 119 

Table I, D. This table deals with the rates the public pays for va- 
rious forms of telephone service by the several companies in the cities 
named. An explanation of the various kinds of service is given in 
Chapter I, pages 97 and 98. 

Table I, E. This table deals with the distribution of operators in 
exchanges by hours of the day, the number of original calls by hours, 
and by derivation the average number of calls per operator at given 
hours. The significance of tins table is fully discussed in Chapter 
I, pages 24 to 38. 

Table II. The source of the data presented in this table is the 
agents' personal observation schedule, a copy of which is presented 
in Appendix A, page 329. These schedules were filled for such 
exchanges as the special agents of the bureau were able to visit. The 
table covers the general working conditions as seen by the agents and 
deals with the floor on which operating rooms are located, use of ele- 
vators by employees, provisions as to stairways and fire escapes, suf- 
ficiency or insufficiency of light by day and by night, ventilation, pro- 
visions for lunch rooms, and the question of toilet facilities for women 
employees. 

Table III. The data for this table are derived from the individual 
schedule, B. L. 430, reproduced in Appendix A, pages 330 to 332. 

These schedules were secured from employees (mostly from switch- 
board operators) of the various companies in various cities, by means 
of personal interviews by special agents of the bureau. Employees 
to the number of 427 were so interviewed, and this table is a summary 
of employment and working conditions in the telephone industry as 
reported by these employees to the special agents. 

Table III, A. This table summarizes for all cities the data on indi- 
vidual schedules covering the matter of occupation, sex, years of 
employment in telephone service, and age of employees at entering 
such service. 

Table III, B. This table continues the information covered by the 
individual schedules, and deals by occupation with the lunch period 
of employees, relief or rest periods, and the curtailment of these at 
times. The subject of overtime and its desirability from the view- 
point of the employee interviewed is given in the final columns. 

Table III, C. This table further continues the summary of infor- 
mation from the individual schedules, and deals with the maximum 
length of overtime day as reported by employees; the number of 
employees interviewed who, in practice, have been given any choice 
as to the exchange at which they should work; those whose health 
has been injuriously affected and those who have found their employ- 
ment beneficial; the number who have operating sets for individual 
use and the number having such disinfected regularly and at will; 
and the number who board and who live at home, together with those 
who walk to their work and those who ride. 



120 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Table IV. This table presents the same data shown in Table III, 
but further summarized to condense the information from all em- 
ployees interviewed on the points covered, without relation to the 
companies by whom they were employed. 

Table V. This table deals with the monthly rates of wages of 
employees of telephone companies named, as reported by officials 
of the companies. Its source is the pay-roll cards, B. L. 436, as shown 
in Appendix A, page 330. There were received sufficiently complete 
for tabulation 39,586 such pay-roll cards. 

Table V, A. This table deals with rates of wages by classified 
rates, showing occupations, hours per regular full day, total number 
in each occupation, and distribution by sex and classified rates of 
wages. This table gives information for each city, and the cities are 
grouped according to telephone systems, as Bell system, etc. It is 
the detail table for rates of wages, and gives by localities all the infor- 
mation derivable from the pay-roll cards. 

Table V, B. This table is a summary, by telephone systems or 
groups of companies, of the information .detailed in the preceding 
table; that is, it gives by general groups, but not by localities or 
specific companies, the classified rates of monthly wages and the 
hours of labor, by occupations. 

Table V, C. This table deals with the number and per cent of 
employees whose earnings during their respective pay-roll period 
were less than, equal to, or greater than the full-time earnings at the 
rate at which they were employed. These data are given by com- 
panies and by cities. It should be borne in mind that employees 
whose pay-roll cards showed the earnings during the pay period to be 
less than the rate at full time may have been new employees who 
began their services after the opening of the pay-roll period, and 
hence this is not an accurate index to loss of time whether from sick- 
ness or fault of employees or from lack of work. On the other hand, 
an excess of rate may mean Sunday and holiday work as well as 
overtime, and hence can not be. taken as a reliable measure of either. 

Table V, D. This table summarizes the foregoing, by telephone 
systems, regardless of localities or individual companies. 

Table V, E. This table deals with switchboard operators only 
and shows the number working for each company in each city by 
classified monthly wage-rate groups, and the percentage that the 
number in each wage-rate group bears to the total number of opera- 
tors in that city or group of towns. By comparing the last column 
of Table I, B, which shows by cities the rate paid operators at begin- 
ning of service with the corresponding wage-rate grouping in this 
table, the reader will be enabled to note with approximate accuracy 
the number and per cent of operators in any locality who are prac- 
tically beginners. The summary of this table is given in Chapter I, 
page 97. 



CHAPTER III. 



GENERAL TABLES. 



121 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPANIES. 



A. 



-LOCATION AND SIZE OF OPERATING ROOMS AND AIR SPACE PER 
PERSON. 



BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



Company and exchange. 



Operating rooms. 



Floor on 
which lo- 
cated. 



Dimensions, in feet. 



Length 



Width 



Height. 



Cubic 
con- 
tents 
in 

cubic 
feet. 



Maxi- 
mum 
num- 
ber of 
per- 
sons in 
room. 



Cubic 

feet 

in 

room 

per 

person. 



Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri: 
St. Louis, Mo. : 

Main 

Forest 

Olive 

Lindell 

Grand 

Sidney 

Tyler 

Bridge 

Bomont 

South 

Benton 

St. Louis— Toll 

Kirkwood, Mo 

Webster Groves, Mo 

St. Charles, Mo 

Clayton, Mo 

De Soto, Mo 

Farmington, Mo 

Poplar Bluff, Mo 

Troy, Mo 

Washington, Mo 

Wentzville, Mo 

Ferguson, Mo 

East St. Louis, 111. : 

East 

Belleville, 111 

Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania: 
Philadelphia, Pa.: 

Market 

Chestnut Hill 

Kensington 

Walnut 

Locust 

Tioga 

Spruce 

Preston 

Woodland 

Belmont 

Germantown 

Toll Central Office 

Manayunk 

*™*»* {«B"S 

Frankford 

Filbert 

Oak Lane 

Poplar 




104 
137 

47f 

28 

84^ 

62 

45 

77 

96ft 

m 

20 

58 

17ft 

21 

36 

24ft 

13ft 

16ft 

ISA 

26 
20 
20 
23ft 

96A 

07 c, 



4th 

2d 

2d 

5th 

6th 

2d 

8ih 

f2d 

list 

2d 

2d 

1st 

7th 

1st 

2d 

4th 

2d 

6th 

1st 

/2d 

\4th 

a Xot reported. 



108ft 
28 

ffi 

54A 
91ft 

56A 
33ft 
91ft 

%& 
89 

80ft 

34 
100 
100 

36ft 

84 

23ft 

87 



40ft 

30 

44 

I* 

31 

22 ft 
33 
36ft 
30ft 

22* 

20 

30ft 
17 
19 
18 

lew 

12ft 

10 

16 

16 

18ft 

36ft 
48 



30ft 

m 

50ft 
48ft 
31ft 
53ft 

&* 

20 

32 

45ft 

36ft 

53ft 

24ft 

37ft 

37ft 

23ft 

41ft 

18ft 

23 

23ft 



loft 


74.958 


16 


65,760 


14ft 


29,453 


lift 


7,567 


13ft 


41,986 


13ft 


25,306 


lift 


11,809 


14ft 


36, 845 


13ft 


47,535 


17 


35,420 


10ft 


4,249 


lift 


4,700 


13 


22,934 


10 


2,975 


10 


3,990 


12ft 


8,100 


10 


3,213 


10ft 


1,983 


U)\H 


2,933 


10 


2,276 


14 


3,640 


10 


3,200 


10 


3,200 


i«M 


4,810 



47, 535 
21.600 



23ft 

lift 2 

lift 

13ft, 

15ft 40,093 



78, 224 
16, 569 
28, 633 
47,565 
29, 848 
38, 493 



13 

lift 

15 

14ft 

15 

B# 

11 T 2 
Hft 

12ft 
14ft 
14 
lift 

it* 



34,917 

7,912 

43,840 

60, 588 

49, 061 

65, 048 

9,580 

43*944 

46,769 

12, 082 

48. 804 

5,058 

28, 681 

28,568 



881.9 

1.011.7 

1,472.7 

945.9 

1.104.9 

1,265.3 

694.6 

2.302.8 

2,796.2 

2.083.5 

708.2 

940.0 

509.6 

595.0 

570.0 

2,025.0 

1,606.5 

991.5 

1. 466. 5 
1,138.0 
3,640.0 
3.200.0 
3.200.0 
2. 405. 

2, 796. 2 

2, 700. 



2, 235. 

1,841.0 

773.9 

679.5 

678.4 

938.9 

786.1 

1,058.1 

1.318.7 

1,992.7 

1.683.0 

1,291.1 

1,275.5 

1,197.5 

799.0 

1,062.9 

1.098.4 

887. 3 

722.6 

1, 434. 1 

621.0 



123 



124 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 

COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— LOCATION AND SIZE OF OPERATING ROOMS AND AIR SPACE PER 

PE RSON— Continued . 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 







Operating 


rooms. 








Floor on 
which lo- 
cated. 


Dimensions, in feet. 


Maxi- 
mum 
num- 
ber of 
per- 
sons in 
room. 


Cubic 
feet 


Company and exchange. 


Length. 


Width. 


Height. 


Cubic 
con- 
tents 

in 
cubic 
feet. 


in 

room 

per 

person. 


Central District and Printing Telegraph 
Co.: 
Pittsburg, Pa. : 

Grant 


7th.. 

(a) 

1st 

7th 

2d 


85-fi 
15ft 
27^ 
65A 
49 

92 
76 
100 

160 

152 
104 
48 
120ft 

loifl 

87 
38 
48 
46 
79 
65 
65 

45ft 
96A 
58A 
156 
69 

40ft 
42 

8* 

111ft 

76& 

76 
38ft 

120 
120 

100 
93 
64 


47 
12 
17 T % 

30 

23 
29 
21 

30 

41 
30 

27 T 2 5 
40ft 
35 

77 

41 

58 

28 

28 

80* 

33 

41ft 

8* 

8* 

35^ 

74^ 

63 

2Sft 

39 T * 5 

39 
18 

23 

18 

25 
29 
46 


14 

loft 

12ft 
12ft 

12ft 

14 
14 
12 

12 

13 
13 

u« 

14ft 
12tf 

16 

15 

13ft 

13ft 

10ft 

10ft 

10ft 

12 

11 

11 

15ft 

15 

12 

15 

18 

14ft 

16 

18 

18ft 
8ft 

14M 

15 

15ft 

12 


56, 533 

1,896 

6,091 

33,253 

18,375 

29, 624 
30, 856 
25,200 

57,600 

81,016 
40, 560 
15, 539 
69, 661 
45, 665 

107,184 
23,370 
38,048 
17, 603 
22, 489 
20. 155 
21.808 
22, 659 
35, 298 
24, 523 
70,165 
32,085 
8,019 
22, 050 

116,126 
19, 404 
45, 652 

53.933 

55,328 
5,833 

40,940 
32, 040 

37,500 
41, 129 
35,328 


74 
2 
10 
69 
17 

} 50 
26 

80 

95 
22 
10 
50 
16 

\ 202 
} 125 

1 160 

64 

} 242 

98 
23 
11 
18 

65 
12 
57 

28 

75 
14 

101 
36 

33 

53 

72 


764.0 


Oakdale 


948.0 


Bradv 


609.1 


Toll office 


481.9 




1, 080. 9 


Central Union Telephone Co. : 
Indianapolis, Ind.* 

Main 


f8th 

^Sth 

(6th 

9th 

6th 

2d 


1, 209. 6 


Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co.: 
Baltimore, Md.: 

St. Paul 


969.2 
720.0 


Washington, D. C: 


852.8 




1,843.6 


West 


2d 


1,553.9 


North 


4th 

2d.„. 


1,393.2 




2,854.1 
646.3 


Chicago Telephone Co.: 
Chicago, 111.: 

Main 


/8th 

\7th 

(2d, main.. 
\2d, annex. 
(7th, main. 
mh,lst"L" 
[7th,2d"L" 
2d 


Oakland 


445.2 


Harrison 


402.8 




354.0 




/2d 




Central 


\3d 


247.2 






Toll 


7th 

1st 

2d 


716.0 




1,395.0 
729.0 






2d 


1,225.0 


Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone 
Co.: 
Cincinnati, Ohio: 


3d 


1,786.6 




2d... 


1,617.0 
800.9 


North 


2d 


Citizens Telephone Co.: 
Covington, Ky.: 

South...! 


2d 


1,926.2 


Cleveland Telephone Co.: 
Cleveland, Ohio: 

Main, local 


6th 

6th 

4th 

4th 

2d 


737.7 


Main, suburban 


416.6 


Colorado Telephone Co.: 
Denver, Colo.: 

Main 


405.3 


Main, toll 


890.0 


Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph 
Co.:. 
Louisville, Ky.: 


1.136.4 


Nashville, Tenn.: 

Main 


3d 

4th 


776.0 


New Orleans, La.: 

Main 


490.7 



a Not reported. 



CHAPTER ITI. 



-GENERAL TABLES. 



125 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.-LOCATION AND SIZE OF OPERATING ROOMS AND AIR SPACE PER 

PERSON— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Company and exchange. 



Operating rooms. 



Floor on 
which lo- 
cated. 



Dimensions, in feet. 



Length 



Width. 



Height. 



Cubic 
con- 
tents 

in 
cubic 
feet. 



Maxi- 
mum 
num- 
ber of 
per- 
sons in 
room. 



Cubic 

feet 

in 

room 

per 

person. 



Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co.: 
Kansas City, Mo.: 

Grand 

Main 

Fairmount 

Armstrong, Mo 

Merriam, Kans 

Topeka, Kans 

Wellington, Kans.: 

Local 

Toll 

Nebraska Telephone Co.: 
Omaha, Nebr.: 

Douglas 

New York Telephone Co. : 
New York, N. Y.: 

Cortland local {.'.£"&£$ 

tt .i~ m ("A "board 

Harlem i"B"board 

M^ose local {" Aboard 

"*"' street {"S»SSS 

«- {■■£»££! 

Coitus C&I&Sd 

<«»» strPPf f" A "board 

38 street \"B" board 

Madison Square.... {:;^; ^ard 

RrtTont /"A" board 

Br y ant V'B "board 

«**- fc|:*-g 

T^ont kg J-g 

Westchester {^"H 

^bridge {^"M 

«*»- {"B-board 

Williamsbridge ^B-bSSd 

Mornmgslde £i"tSZl 

"«— {«B"S 

A ^ub„n {"Aboard 

B-d fc&SS 

Franlrlin /"A" board 

* ranlilin V'B "board 

Worth ("A" board 

vvonn V'B "board 








75 
130 
65 
65 
15 



100 
100 



28 
18 
18 
18 
9ft 
12ft 
12 
23ft 

20 
20* 



63 



58 
58 
33ft 

a* 

34 
35 
22 
37 

37 



48 
48 
35 
35 
48 
35 
82 
82 
27 
27 
13 
13 
26 
26 

7 

7 
21 
21 
36 
to 

CO 

45 
45 

42ft 

42ft 

25ft 

21ft 

40 

40 

36 

33 



13 
11 
11 
11 

9 
10 

7ft 
10 

14 
14 



27, 300 

25, 740 

12, 870 

12, 870 

1,283 

1,938 

1,001 

17, 860 

14, 000 
7,560 



61,520 



180 
260 
102 
102 
140 
140 
920 
920 
945 
945 
920 
850 
544 
544 
239 
239 
627 
1327 
(108 
60S 
693 
693 
699 
699 
392 
392 
800 

son 

48S 
488 
156 
714 

840 
840 
056 

930 






113 



1S3 



102 

120 



136 



98 



163 
73 



148 
95 



1,011.1 
559.6 

1,072.5 
514.8 
320.8 
(o) 
(a) 

1,116.3 

4, 666. 7 
3, 780. 



544.4 

887.4 

1, 005. 

1,095.7 

780.2 

904.0 

1,252.3 

734.1 

575.1 

817.7 

1,827.4 

1,602.0 

1,209.0 

3,536.0 

693.0 

2, 233. 

844.3 

574.2 

1,438.0 

391.0 

1,007.2 

849.8 



a Not reported. 



126 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— LOCATION AND SIZE OF OPERATING ROOMS AND AIR SPACE PER 
PERS ON— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 



Company and exchange. 



New York Telephone Co.— Concluded. 
New York, N. Y.— Concluded. 

°^- d R-K:: 

sp™g {$»E23:: 

Stuyv-ant $i"\Zt 

*■?»* R"K: 

John -t;[4" board. 

V B board. 

**• {"b"S: 

*•*-» {"b"K: 

Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co.: 
Minneapolis, Minn.: 

Main 

Toll office 

St. Paul, Minn.: 

Cedar 

Red Wing, Minn 

Anoka, Minn 

Fargo, N. Dak 

Sioux Falls, S. Dak 

Ozark Bell Telephone Co.: 

Springfield, Mo 

Aurora, Mo 

Republic, Mo 

Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co.: 
Los Angeles, Cal.: 

Main 

Portland, Oreg.: 

Main 

San Francisco, Cal.: 

Main (Douglas) 

Main (Kearny) 

Main (toll) 

Seattle, Wash.: 

Main 

Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Co.: 
Salt Lake City, Utah: 

Main, front toll 

Main, back toll 

Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph 
Co.: 
Atlanta, Ga.: 

Main, local 

Main, long distance 

Ivy 

Birmingham, Ala.: 

Main 

Main 

Richmond, Va.: 

Richmond 

Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone 
Co.: 
Dallas, Tex.: 

Main 

Main 



Operating rooms. 



Floor on 
which lo- 
cated. 



3d 

3d 

4th 

4th 

2d 

2d 

6th 

6th 

8th 

8th 

5th 

5th 

2d 

4th 

3d 

(a) 

2d 

2d 

2d 

2d 

(a) 

3d 

2d 

1st 

2d 

2d 

3d 

2d 

5th 

7th 

3d 

3d 

5th 

5th 

3d 

3d 

2d 

2d 

5th 

3d 

2d 

4th 



Dimensions, in feet. 



Length 



70 
70 
95 
95 
90 
90 
92 
92 
79 
79 
100 
100 
78 
74 



78 T 4 2 

74A 

51 T 6 5 

25 

16 

71}§ 

35 

58& 

26 

30 



40 
97 
37 

117 
117 
117 

107 



40 
H4A 



117*$ 
44^ 
103 



75 



72 
38i§ 



Width. 



52 
52 

77A 

77A 

36 

36 

40 

40 

56 

56 

58 

58 

65 

43 



27 T * S 
25 T 2 5 
33" 



28 



45 



72 
29^ 



Height. 



14 
14 
14 
14 
13 
13 
14 
14 
12 
12 
13 
13 
12 
12A 



10A 

14 

24 

10 T 6 i 

10 

14 

10 

12fl 

12 



12& 
12A 



ISA 

15A 

12 



(a) 
(a) 



Cubic 
con- 
tents 
in 
cubic 
feet. 



50,960 
50,960 
102,743 
102, 743 
42,120 
42,120 
51,520 
51,520 
53,088 
53,088 
75,400 
75, 400 
60,840 
38,980 



31,415 
34, 535 

52,118 
3,938 
2,400 

26, 147 
9,450 

20,227 
4,992 
2,700 



38,304 

20,720 
50, 246 
9,842 

62, 244 
62, 244 
62, 244 

73, 830 



49,385 
17,140 
44, 054 

(a) 
(a) 

43,875 



71,280 
14,682 



Maxi- 
mum 
num- 
ber of 
per- 
sons in 
room. 



87 
156 

68 
109 
125 
128 

93 



108 

22 

92 
12 

56 
87 
35 

92 



65 



a Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



127 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPANIES— Continued. 



A. 



LOCATION AND SIZE OF OPERATING ROOMS AND AIR SPACE PER 

PERSON— Concluded. 



INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 





Operating rooms. 






Floor on 
which lo- 
cated. 


Dimensions, in feet. 


Maxi- 
mum 
num- 
ber of 
per- 
sons in 
room. 


Cubic 
feet 


Company and exchange. 


Length. 


Width. 


Height. 


Cubic 
con- 
tents 
in 

cubic 
feet. 


in 

room 

per 

person. 


Kansas City Home Telephone Co: 
Kansas City, Mo. : 

Main 


3d 

2d 

2d 

2d 

2d 

2d 

5th 

4th 

2d 

2d 

2d 

2d 

3d 

2d 

7th 

1st 


91& 

50 
50 
50 
50 
33& 

88 
117 
94 

77 
77 
77 

90 
15 

70 
80 


40^ 
37 T ^ 
37A 
37^ 
37A 
22^ 

46 
39 
38 
30 
30 
30 

48 
15 

30 
40 


17 
15 
15 
15 
15 
13 

19 
20 
16 
16 
16 
16 

18 
(a) 

14 
16 


62, 350 
28, 000 
28, 000 
28.000 
28, 000 
9,835 

76, 912 
91, 260 
57, 152 
36, 960 
36, 960 
36, 960 

77,760 
(a) 

29, 400 
51, 200 


108 
35 
16 
31 
19 
27 

68 
58 
28 
4 
17 
10 

75 
(a) 

45 
(a) 


577.3 


East 


800.0 




1 750.0 


South 


903.2 


West 


1,473.7 
364.3 




Keystone Telephone Co. : 
Philadelphia, Pa.: 


1,131.1 




1 573.4 


Park 


2 041.1 


North 


9 240.0 


West 


2 174.1 


East 


3, 696. 

1,036.8 
(a) 

653.3 


Louisville Home Telephone Co. : 
Louisville, Ky.: 

Central 


Anchorage 


Maryland Telephone Co. : 
Baltimore, Md.: 


Druid Hill 


(a) 





AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



American Telephone and Telegraph Co 

Boston, Mass 

Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

Kansas City, Mo 

Minneapolis, Minn 

New York, N. Y 

Philadelphia, Pa 

Pittsburg, Pa 

St. Louis, Mo 



7th. 
1st. 
4th. 
5th. 
1st. 

7th. 

7th. 
5th. 
2d.. 



64 


48 


io& 


32, 257 


50 


50& 


27 


HA 


17, 925 


72 


35^ 


21A 


13 T 2 5 


9,924 


25 


112 


(a) 


io& 


(a) 


6 


74& 


33 


14 


34, 535 


48 


f 67iU 


17& 


11 


13, 245 


] 


J ioo T 6 5 

1 100t% 


20+f 
21A 


11 
11 


23, 031 
23, 768 


1 180 


I 112 


20 


11 


24, 640 


J 


129 


40H 


14^ 


74, 775 


60 


63 


46 


14 


40, 572 


36 


58 


30 T % 


13A 


23, 604 


42 



645.1 
249.0 
397.0 
Ample. 
719.5 

470.5 

1,246.3 

1,127.0 

562.0 



a Not reported. 



128 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I. 



-EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECI 

OF THE COMPA 



B.— TIME ALLOWANCE FOR HANDLING CALLS, PLUG CONNECTIONS PER HOUR, 
LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY AND THE RATE PAID, MINIMUM AGE OF EMPLOYEES, 
AND WAGES AT BEGINNING WORK. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



Name of company. 



City. 



Kinds of 

calls 
handled. 



Local 



Toll. 



Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri 

Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania 

Central District and Printing Telegraph Co. 

Central Union Telephone Co 

Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co 

Do 

Chicago Telephone Co 

Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co 

Citizens Telephone Co 

Cleveland Telephone Co 

Colorado Telephone Co 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co. . . 

Do 

Do 

Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Nebraska Telephone Co 

New England Telephone and Telegraph Co . 

New York Telephone Co 

Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Ozark Bell Telephone Co 

Do 

Do 

Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Co 

Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co. 

Do 

Do 

Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co . 



St. Louis, Mo 

Philadelphia, Pa 

Pittsburg, Pa 

Indianapolis, Ind 

Baltimore, Md 

Washington, D. C. . . 

Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

Covington, Ky 

Cleveland, Ohio 

Denver, Colo 

Louisville, Ky 

Nashville, Tenn 

INew Orleans, La 

Kansas City, Mo 

Armstrong, Mo 

Topeka, Kans 

Wellington, Kans... 

Omaha, Nebr 

Boston, Mass 

New York, N. Y.... 
Minneapolis, Minn.. 

St. Paul, Minn 

Fargo, N. Dak 

Sioux Falls, S. Dak. 

Red Wing, Minn 

Anoka, Minn 

Springfield, Mo 

Aurora, Mo 

Republic, Mo 

Los Angeles, Cal 

Portland, Oreg 

San Francisco, Cal . . 

Seattle, Wash 

Salt Lake City, Utah 

Atlanta, Ga 

Birmingham, Ala 

Richmond, Va 

Dallas, Tex 



Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


No. 


Yes. 


No. 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


No. 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Y"es. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


No. 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 


Yes. 


Yes 



a Number 101 method. 

b No regulation. 

c Two hours in excess of normal day. 

d Seventy per cent of calls within 4 seconds, 30 per cent within 12 seconds. 

< Required to handle calls without delay. 

/ Seventy per cent of calls within 10 seconds, 30 per cent within 20 seconds. 

o Not reported. 

a Five seconds in "Lincoln" exchange. 

* Two seconds in " Lincoln" exchange. 

i Three seconds in " Main" and "Lincoln" exchanges. 
k Three seconds in " Main " exchange. 

* Five hundred in "North" exchange. 

m From 3 to 4 seconds in the exchanges at Waukegan, Evanston, and Aurora. 

»In the toll exchange, 17 cents per hour; in all other Chicago exchanges, 16 cents per hour; in out of 
town exchanges, $20 per month. 

o Pay 16§ cents per hour for overtime. 

V Fourteen tickets straight ring-down operating. 

q Twelve for those whose usual hours are 10 per day, and 9 for those whose usual hours are 4J per day, 
exclusive of time allowed for lunch. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 129 

FIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

NIES— Continued. 

B.— TIME ALLOWANCE FOR HANDLING CALLS, PLUG CONNECTIONS PER HOUR, 
LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY AND* THE RATE PAID, MINIMUM AGE OF EMPLOYEES, 
AND WAGES AT BEGINNING WORK. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 











Efficiency number of 










Time allowed for handling calls (seconds). 


plug 


connections 




Per 


Mini- 












per hour. 




Maxi- 


cent 
of 
regu- 
lar 
rate 
paid 
for 
over- 
time 


mum 


















mum 
length 


age 

at 


Wages 


















paid 


"A" board. 


"B" board. 


Toll board. 








of 


which 


at 












"A" 


"B" 


Toll 
calls. 


over- 
time 


appli- 
cants 


begin- 














ning 


Connec- 


Discon- 


Connec- 


Dis- 
con- 


Con- 


Dis- 
con- 


opera- 
tor. 


opera- 
tor. 


day 
(hrs.). 


are 
accept- 


work. 


tion. 


nection. 


tion. 


nec- 
tion. 


tion. 


nec- 
tion. 










work. 


ed. 




8 


2 


2 


2 


2 


3 


150 


300 


a 24 


15 


100 


17 


$20.00 m. 


4 


5 


3 


3 


10 


5 


60-150 


200-400 


30 


12 


100 


16 


.81 d. 


4 


4 


(ft) 


(ft) 


( b ) 


(ft) 


(ft) 


(ft) 


(ft) 


( c ) 


100 


16 


.80d. 


(*) 


(«*) 


(0 


(0 


(/) 


(/) 


200 


350 


(ft) 


13 


100 


16 


20.00 m. 


3 


oo 


3 


(?) 


4 


(?) 


150 


300 


(ft) 


10 


150 


16 


4. 00 w. 


M 


♦ 3 


*5 


3 


10 


*5 


150 


1450 


30 


10 


150 


17 


4.00w. 


n»4-5 


(f) 


n»4-5 


(?) 


(?) 


(?) 


(?) 


(?) 


(?) 


11 


100 


16 


00 


3.8 


5 


2.5 


5 


5.6 


7.5 


103 


293 


68 


10.5 


100 


18 


15.00 m. 


3.8 


5 


2.5 


5 


5.6 


7.5 


103 


293 


68 


10.5 


100 


18 


15.00 m. 


3.8 


3.8 


2 


2 


6 


3.8 


100 


250 


30 


11.25 


00 


18 


20.00 m. 


10 


10 


10 


10 


20 


20 


(ft) 


(ft) 


(ft) 


10 


200 


16 


25.00 m. 


5 


6 


2 


4 


15 


15 


225 


400 


GO 


(?) 


O) 


17 


12.00 m. 


5 


6 


2 


4 


15 


15 


225 


400 


(«) 


*12 


( r ) 


17 


15.00 m. 


5 


6 


2 


4 


15 


15 


225 


400 


(») 


a 13 


00 


17 


12.50 m. 


4 


3 


2 


(?) 


2 


(?) 


212 


300 


(ft) 


11.6 


100 


16 


15.00 m. 


4 


3 


oo 


(?) 


(?) 


(?) 


212 


(?) 


(?) 


(?) 


100 


16 


(?) 


4 


3 


2 


(?) 


2 


(?) 


212 


300 


(ft) 


12 


100 


16 


17.50 m. 


4 


3 






2 


(?) 


212 




(ft) 


(?) 


100 


16 


17.50 m. 


4 


3 


:•""(¥)""" 


■"(Yf 


(») 


(ft) 


(ft) 


'"(V)'" 


(ft) 


11.5 


125 


16 


20.00 m. 


4 


3 


00 


3 


17 


(?) 


180 


300 


00 


12 


150 


17 


5.50w. 


3.4 


3.8 


(?) 


(?) 


3.3 


2.7 


210 


400-460 


50 


00 


100 


16 


5. 00 w. 


8 


S 


(ft) 


( 6 ) 


30 


15 


(ft) 


(ft) 


(ft) 


& 11 


(y) 


16 


20. 00 m. 


8 


( 6 ) 


( 6 ) 






(ft) 


(ft) 




11 


( z ) 


16 


20. 00 m. 


(ft) 


w 


( 6 ) 


( 6 ) 


"(b)" 


"(V)" 


(ft) 


(ft) 


""('ft')" 


11 


100 


16 


(aa) 


(ft) 


(ft) 






( b ) 


(ft) 


(ft) 




(ft) 


11 


100 


16 


18. 00 m. 


(») 


(») 






( 6 ) 


(ft) 


(ft) 




(ft) 


11 


100 


16 


j 15.00 m. 
\ 18. 00 m. 






(*) 


00 






( & ) 


(ft) 


(ft) 




(ft) 


11 


100 


16 


/15.00 m. 
\ 18. 00 m. 






4 


3 


(?) 


(?) 


2 


(?) 


212 


(?) 


(ft) 


12 


100 


16 


20.00 m. 


4 


3 






2 


(?) 


212 




(?) 


8.5 


(66) 


16 


15.00 m. 


5 


3 






(?) 


(?) 


150 




(?) 


(cc) 




16 


20. 00 m. 


11 


5 


5" 


""a 


(dd) 


(dd) 


150 


"'"266" 


(ee) 


12 


'"l50' 


16 


1.00 d. 


11 


3 


5 


3 


(dd) 


(dd) 


150 


200 


(ee) 


12 


150 


16 


1.00 d. 


11 


3 


5 


3 


(dd) 


(dd) 


150 


200 


(ee) 


12 


150 


16 


l.OOd. 


11 


3 


5 


3 


(dd) 


(dd) 


150 


200 


(ee) 


12 


150 


16 


1. 00 d. 


4 


3.5 


2 


3 


5 


10 


400 


600 


ff 17 


12 


150 


17 


.12h. 


4.5 


3 


1 


1 


4.5 


l 


117-285 


300-500 




12.5 


150 


16 


/ 17. 50 m. 

\ 20. 00 m. 

17.50 m. 


5 


5 


(?) 


(?) 


12 


5 


(ft) 


(ft) 


(ft) 


13.5 


(??) 


16 


4.5 


3 


1 


1 


4.5 


1 


117-340 


300-500 


45 


14.5 


hhiso 


15 


20. 00 m. 


10 


(?) 


3 


(?) 


15 


(?) 


200 


400 


14 


12 


100 


18 


20. 00 m. 



t Pay 10 cents per hour for overtime. 

« Fourteen tickets on ring-down operating. 

t Not including 2 hours allowed for dinner and lunch. 

« Not including reliefs. 

Fifteen good tickets, two-ticket method. 

wNo limit. 

x Eleven hours and 20 minutes in the toll exchange. 

y Not reported except for the toll exchange where the rate for overtime is the same as that for the regular 
hours. 

2 Pay $1 per day for overtime. 
aa For local, $18 per month; for toll operators, $20.00 per month. 
bb Not paid for overtime, 
cc No overtime. 

dd Recording operator answer, 15 seconds. To complete recording, 30 seconds. 
«« Ten tickets. 

// Measured by number of messages handled. 
09 Pay 15 cents per hour for overtime. 
M Allowed lunch also, if overtime amounts to 2 hours or more. 

29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 9 



130 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I. 



-EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPEC I 

OF THE COMPA 



B.— TIME ALLOWANCE FOR HANDLING CALLS, PLUG CONNECTIONS PER HOUR, 
LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY AND THE RATE PAID, MINIMUM AGE OF EMPLOYEES, 
AND WAGES AT BEGINNING WORK— Concluded. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



Name of company. 



City. 



Kinds of calls 
handled. 



Local. 



Toll. 



Long 
dis- 
tance. 



Kansas City Home Telephone Co 

Keystone Telephone Co. of Philadelphia 

Louisville Home Telephone Co 

Maryland Telephone Co 



Kansas City, Mo. 
Philadelphia, Pa 
Louisville, Ky . . 
Baltimore, Md. . 



Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 



Yes. 
Yes, 
Yes, 
Yes 



AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



American Telephone and Telegraph Co 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do :.... 

Do 

Do 

Do 



Boston, Mass 

Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati, Ohio. . 
Kansas City, Mo.. 
Minneapolis, Minn 
New York, N. Y.. 
Philadelphia, Pa. . 

Pittsburg, Pa 

St. Louis, Mo 



No.. 


No.. 


Yes. 


No.. 


No.. 


Yes. 


No.. 


No.. 


Yes. 


No.. 


No.. 


Yes. 


No.. 


No.. 


Yes. 


No.. 


No.. 


Yes. 


No.. 


No.. 


Yes. 


No.. 


No.. 


Yes. 


No.. 


No.. 


Yes. 



o Not reported. 

b Pay 10 cents per hour for overtime. 



c Fifteen in exceptional cases. 
d Not applicable. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



131 



FIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 
NIES— Continued. 

B.-TIME ALLOWANCE FOR HANDLING CALLS, PLUG CONNECTIONS PER HOUR, 
LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY AND THE RATE PAID, MINIMUM AGE OF EMPLOYEES, 
AND WAGES AT BEGINNING WORK-Concluded. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



Time allowed for handling calls (seconds). 


Efficiency number of 
plug connections 
per hour. 


Maxi- 
mum 
length 
of over- 
time 
day 
(hrs.). 


Per 
cent 

of 
reg- 
ular 
rate 
paid 

for 
over- 
time 
work. 


Mini- 
mum 
age at 
which 
appli- 
cants 
are ac- 
cepted. 




"A" board. 


"B" board. 


Toll board. 


Wages 
paid at 
begin- 
ning 
work. 


Connec- 
tion. 


Discon- 
nection. 


Connec- 
tion. 


Dis- 
con- 
nec- 
tion- 


Con- 
nec- 
tion. 


Dis- 
con- 
nec- 
tion. 


"A" 
opera- 
tor. 


"B" 

opera- 
tor. 


Toll 
calls. 


21.4-24.1 
6 
3 

5 


2.5 
3.0 
2.5 
(a) 


23.4-27.7 

8 
(a) 
(a) 


2.5 
3.0 
2.5 
(a) 


3min. 
20.0 
(a) 
5 


15.0 
5.0 

(a) 
(a) 


140-180 
200 
200 
275 


350 
300 
300 
350 


170 
20 

(a) 
(a) 


10.0 
10.0 
11.5 
10.5 


100 

100 

100 


16 

18 

16 

el6 


$20. 00 m. 

.10h. 

12.00 m. 

.07h. 



AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



(d) 


(d) 


(<*) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(e) 


(e) 


(e) 


11 


(/) 


18 


$25.00 M. 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(e) 


(e) 


(') 


11 


(') 


16 


25.00 M. 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(e) 


(e) 


(«) 


11 


(/) 


18 


22.50 M. 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(e) 


(e) 


(e) 


12 


(J) 


17 


25.00 M. 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(c) 


(e) 


(e) 


14 


(/) 


18 


25.00 M. 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(«) 


(d) 


(e) 


(c) 


(e) 


12 


(/) 


17 


25.00 M. 


( d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(4) 


( e ) 


(e) 


(e) 


9.5 


(/) 


17 


20.00 M. 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(e) 


(e) 


(e) 


9 


(/) 


17 


20.00 M. 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(d) 


(e) 


( e ) 


( e ) 


12 


C) 


17 


25.00 M. 



« No regulation. 

/ Special payments to cover cost of meals and other expenses; overtime not permitted except in 
occasional emergencies; compensated for by additional time off. 



132 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table 



I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECI 

OF THE COMPA 



C— SHIFTS REQUIRED, COMPANIES PROVIDING NIGHT ALARMS AND IN WHICH 
OVERTIME WORK IS OPTIONAL, AND HOLIDAYS AND VACATIONS GRANTED. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



Company. 



Does company 


require— 


Split- 
trick 
work? 


Even- 
ing 
work? 


Night 
work? 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


No.. 


No.. 


No.. 


No.. 


NO.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


No.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


No.. 


No.. 


(0 


(t) 


(t) 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes* 


Yesf 


Yes' 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


Yes. 


No.. 


No.. 


No.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 



Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri 

Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania 

Central District and Printing Telegraph Co. 

Central Union Telephone Co 

Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co 

Do 

Chicago Telephone Co 

Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co 

Citizens Telephone Co 

Cleveland Telephone Co 

Colorado Telephone Co 

Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co . . . 

Do 

Do 

Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Nebraska Telephone Co 

New England Telephone and Telegraph Co. 

New York Telephone Co 

Northwestern Telephone Exchange Co 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Ozark Bell Telephone Co 

Do 

Do... 

Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Rocky Mountain Bell Telephone Co 

Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co. 

Do 

Do 

Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co . 



St. Louis, Mo 

Philadelphia, Pa, 

Pittsburg, Pa 

Indianapolis, Ind 

Baltimore, Md 

Washington, D. C. . . 

Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

Covington, Ky 

Cleveland, Ohio 

Denver, Colo 

Louisville, Ky 

Nashville, Tenn 

New Orleans, La 

Kansas City, Mo 

Armstrong, Mo 

Topeka, Kans 

Wellington , Kans 

Omaha, Nebr 

Boston, Mass 

New York, N. Y 

Minneapolis, Minn. . . 

St. Paul, Minn 

Fargo, N. Dak 

Sioux Falls, S. Dak.. 

Red Wing, Minn 

Anoka, Minn 

Springfield, Mo 

Aurora, Mo 

Republic, Mo 

Los Angeles, Cal 

Portland, Oreg 

San Francisco, Cal 

Seattle, Wash 

Salt Lake City, Utah 

Atlanta, Ga 

Birmingham, Ala 

Richmond, Va 

Dallas, Tex 



a Operators and supervisors. From October to May, operators are excused at 3 p. m. 
b For chief operators only, 
c Two each month. 

d For those employed one year or more. 

< Supervisors and chief operators allowed half holiday once a month; one- third of operators allowed half 
holiday per month for good service. 
/ Vacation allowed. Not reported as to whether or not pay is allowed. 

a Operators have half holiday every third Saturday; employees of higher rank, every second Saturday. 
h Operators one week if with the company prior to March 1 of current year; chief operators, two weeks. 

* In addition to one week's vacation with pay, one week is allowed without pay if requested. 
;' Hourly employees. 

* Monthly employees. 
i Ten days. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



133 



FIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

NIES— Continued. 

C— SHIFTS REQUIRED, COMPANIES PROVIDING NIGHT ALARMS AND IN WHICH 
OVERTIME WORK IS OPTIONAL, AND HOLIDAYS AND VACATIONS GRANTED. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



Does 

company 

provide 

night 

alarm? 


Is over- 
time work 
optional? 


Are Saturday half holi- 
days granted— 


Are vacations allowed— 


Are appli- 
cants paid 
while in 
training? 


All year? 


Summer 

months 

only? 


With pay- 


Without pay- 


One 
week ? 


Two 

weeks? 


One 

week? 


Two 
weeks? 


Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

No 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 


Yes 




Yes 


Yes (a).. 
Yes (<*).. 


Yes (b) 




Yes. 


Yes 

No 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

Yes(o).... 

No 

No 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

(0 

No 

No 

No 

No 

Yes 

No 

No 

Yes 

No 


Yes(c).. 




1 


Yes. 


(0 
No 

Yes(<7) 






(/) 




(/) 


Yes. 


No 


Yes 





Yes. 


Yes(>>).. 


Yes(fc).. 




Yes. 


Yes 






Yes "(*").. 


Yes. 


Yes.. 




Yes(;).. 
Yes 


Yes (&').. 




Yes. 


No 

No 

No 

(m) 

No 

No 

No 

Yes(e) 


Yes 

Yes 

No 




1 


Yes. 


Yes 




1 


Yes. 


Yes ('*)-- 








Yes. 


YesO).. 
Yes 


Yes(«).. .. 




Yes. 


No 

No 

No 








Yes. 


Yes 








Yes.(p) 


Yes?.... 








Yes. 




Yes(r).. 






Yes. 


No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

Yes 


No 

No 

No 

No 

No 


Yes 




. W 




No. 






Yes. 


Yes 






No. 


( W ) 

Yes(0-- 


(u) 


(") 




Yes. 




Yes. 


Yes 




Yes. 


No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 


No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 

No 


(•) 
(«) 
(«) 
(•) 
(«,) 

(w) 

(/) 
(/) 

No 

Yes 




(») 
(•) 




Yes. 






Yes. 






No. 






No. 






No. 






No. 






No. 








No. 


No 


No 


No 


No. 

Yes. 


Yes 








Yes. 


Yes 








Yes. 


Yes 









Yes. 


Yes 




::::: 




Yes. 


Yes 








Yes. 


Yes 









Yes. 






Yes. 


Yes(J)-- 








Yes. 






i " 







m Clerks only. 

n Operators one week, clerks two weeks. 
o With 9-hour operators; not optional with 4§-hour operators. 
v For two weeks only. 
q Every fourth Saturday. 
r With half pay. 

* One week's vacation given. Not reported as to whether or not pay is allowed. 
t Not reported. 

u Operators allowed two weeks' vacation, one with pay and one without pay; chief operators two weeks 
with pay. 
v Operators' wishes granted as far as possible. 
u> Ten days granted. Not reported as to whether or not pay is allowed. 



134 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I. 



-EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECI 

OF THE COMPA 



C— SHIFTS REQUIRED, COMPANIES PROVIDING NIGHT ALARMS AND IN WHTCH 
OVERTIME WORK IS OPTIONAL, AND HOLIDAYS AND VACATIONS GRANTED— 

Concluded. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



Company. 



City. 



Does company 
require— 



Split- 
trick 
work? 



Even- 
ing 
work? 



Night 
work? 



Kansas City Home Telephone Co 

Keystone Telephone Co. of Philadelphia 

Louisville Home Telephone Co 

Maryland Telephone Co 



Kansas City, Mo. 
Philadelphia, Pa 
Louisville, Ky . . 
Baltimore, Md.. 



Yes. 

Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 



Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 



Yes. 
Yes. 
No. 
No. 



AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



American Telephone and Telegraph Co 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 

Do.... 

Do 

Do 

Do 



Boston, Mass 

Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati, Ohio.. 
Kansas City, Mo.. 
Minneapolis, Minn 
New York, N. Y.. 
Philadelphia, Pa. . 

Pittsburg, Pa 

St. Louis, Mo 



Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


No.. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 


Yes. 



a On desk only. 

b Chief operator only. 

c One-half day for each month of service— minimum, 1 day; maximum, 2 weeks. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



135 



FIED TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

NIES— Continued. 

C— SHIFTS REQUIRED, COMPANIES PROVIDED NIGHT ALARMS AND IN WHICH 
OVERTIME WORK IS OPTIONAL, AND HOLIDAYS AND VACATIONS GRANTED - 

Concluded. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



Does 

company 

provide 

night 

alarm? 


Is over- 
time work 
optional? 


Are Saturday half holi- 
days granted? 


Are vacations allowed— 


Are appli- 
cants paid 
while in 
training? 


All year? 


Summer 
months 

only? 


With pay- 


Without pay- 


One 
week? 


Two 
weeks? 


One 
week? 


Two 

weeks? 


Yes 

Yes 


Yes 

No 


No 

Yes 


No 


Yes 








Yes. 


Yes .. 








No. 


Yes (a).... No 

Yes....... No 


No 

No 


No... 










Yes. 


No 


No 


(*) 






Yes. 













AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

(d) 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 


Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 


Yes 




(0 
(<0 
( c ) 
( c ) 
l«) 

( c ) 
( c ) 
(«) 


(c) 
(c) 
(c) 
(c) 

( c ) 
(c) 
(c) 
(c) 






Yes. 


No 

No 

No 

No 

Yes (e).. 


No 

No 

No 

No 


Yes. 






Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 






Yes. 


Yes(/).. 








Yes. 


Yes....... 








Yes. 


No 


No 






Yes. 









d Not reported. 

e Each employee is allowed every third Saturday afternoon. 

/ Each employee is allowed every other Saturday afternoon. 



136 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPANIES— Continued. 

D.— RATES CHARGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



Company and kind of service. 



Bell Telephone Co. of Mis- 
souri: 
St. Louis, Mo.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate, 2-party line. 
Measured, special line. 



Measured, special line. 

Measured, 2-party 
line. 

Automatic slot ma- 
chines, special line. 

Automatic slot ma- 
chines, 2-party line. 

Toll lines 

Bell Telephone Co. of Penn- 
sylvania: 
Philadelphia, Pa.: 

Flat rate, special line. 

Flat rate, 2-party line. 

Flat rate, special line. 

Flat rate, 2-party line. 

Flat rate, 4-party or 
more line. 

Measured, special line. 



Measured, 2-party 
line. 

Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 
Central District and Printing 
Telegraph Co.: 
Pittsburg, Pa.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate, 2-party line 
Flat rate, 3-party line. 
Measured ,special line. 

Measured, 2-party 
line. 

Measured, 3-party 
line. 

Measured, 4-party 
line. 

Measured, 4-party 
line. 

Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 

Toll lines 

Central Union Telephone Co.: 
Indianapolis, Ind.: 

Flat rate, special line. 

Flat rate, 2-party line 

Flat rate, 1 2-party 
lines (farmers). 

Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 

Toll lines 



Rates charged. 



Business, 110.40 per month; residence, $4.50 per month 

Residence, $3.50 per month 

Business, $72 for 1,800 messages per year; residence, $42 for 

1,100 messages per year. All messages in excess of the 

number contracted for (both business and residence) cost 

2 cents each. 
Business, $60 for 800 messages per year, and 3 cents each for 

additional messages. 
Business, $48 for 800 messages per year, and 3 cents each for 

additional messages; residence, $33 for 1,000 messages per 

year, and 3 cents each for additional messages. 
Business, 15 cents per day; residence, 10 cents per day, 

guaranteed. Excess messages, 3 cents each. 
Business, 10 cents per day; residence, 7| cents per day, 

guaranteed. Excess messages, 4 cents each. 
Not reported. 



Residence, $6 per month for Philadelphia service. 
Residence, $5 per month for Philadelphia service. 
Business, $90 per year; residence, $36 per year (a) . . 
Business, $75 per year; residence, $30 per year (a). 
Residence, $24 per year (a) 



Business and residence, $48 for 600 calls per year; $9 for each 
additional 200 calls up to 1,200; $12 for each additional 300 
calls up to 2,100; $9 for each additional 300 calls from 2,100 
to 5,400. Calls in excess of the number contracted for are 
5 cents each on all contracts ur> to 2,100, and 4 cents each 
on all contracts of 2,400 or more. 

Residence, $36 for 600 calls per year, and $6 for each addi- 
tional 200 calls contracted for up to 1 ,200. All messages in 
excess of the number contracted for are 5 cents each. 

5 cents for each call 



Business, $125 per year; residence. $100 per year (&) 

Business, $100 per year; residence, $80 per year (b) 

Business, $80 per vear; residence, $60 per vear (<>) 

Business and residence, $55 to $100 for 600 to 2,000 calls per 

year. (6) 
Business and residence, $44 to $71 for 600 to 1,400 calls per 

year. (6) 
Business and residence, $36 to $63 for 600 to 1,400 calls per 

year.(b) 
Business and residence, $32 to $59 for 600 to 1,400 calls per 

year, (b) 
Residence, $27 for 500 calls per year (b) 



5 cents per message 

Vary according to locality. 



Business, $54 per year; residence, $24 per year. 
Business, $42 per year; residence, $18 per year. 
Residence, $24 per year 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 



Length of 

conversation 

allowed. 



minutes, 
minutes, 
minutes. 



minutes, 
minutes. 

minutes, 
minutes. 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 

5 minutes. 



5 minutes. 
5 minutes. 



No limit. 
No limit. 
No limit. 
5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

3 minutes. 

No limit. 
No limit. 
No limit. 

5 minutes. 

3 minutes. 



a These rates apply only to subscribers for unlimited service to stations connected with an exchange in the 
same telephone zone. Five cents extra is charged for each message sent to some other zone in the city. 
& These rates include wall-set equipment. Desk-set equipment costs $6 in addition to the rates shown. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



137 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMP AN I ES— Continued . 

D.— RATES CHARGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE— Continued. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Company and kind of service. 



Chesapeake and Potomac 
Telephone Co.: 
Baltimore, Md.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Measured, special line. 



Measured, 2-part y 

line. 
Measured, 4- party 

line. 
Washington, D. C: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Measured, special line 

Measured, special line 



Measured , 2-p a r t y 
line. 

Measured, 4-party 
line. 

Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 

Pay stations 

Toil lines 

Long distance 

"P. B.X." 



Chicago Telephone Co.: 
Chicago, 111.: (a) 

Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate, special line. 

Flat rate, 2-party line . 

Measured, special line . 

Nickel prepayment, 
special line. 

Nickel prepayment, 
2-party line. 

Nickel prepayment, 
2-party line. 

Nickel prepayment, 
4-party line. 

Neighborhood ex- 
change, special line. 

Neighborhood ex- 
change, 2-party 
line. 

Neighborhood ex- 
change , 4-party 
line. 

ToUline 



Rates charged. 



Length of 

conversation 

allowed. 



Residence, $48 per year 

Business and residence, $48 for 600 calls per year; $9 for each 
additional 200 calls up to 1,400, and $6 for each additional 
200 calls above 1,400. Calls in excess of the number con- 
tracted for are 5 cents each on all contracts up to 1,800 
calls, and 4 cents each on all contracts of 2,000 and over. 

Business and residence, S30 per vear for 30 calls per month; 
5 cents for each additional call. 

Residence, $36 for 600 calls per year: 5 cents for each addi- 
tional call. 

Residence, $48 per year 

Residence, $39 for 600 calls per year, and 5 cents for each 
additional message. 

Business, $39 for 600 calls per year; $9 for each additional 
200 calls up to 1,200; $6 for each additional 200 calls up to 
2,400, and $6 for each additional 300 calls above 2,400. 
Calls in excess of the number contracted for are 5 cents 
each on all contracts up to 1,200, 4 cents each on all con- 
tracts from 1,200 to 2,700, and 3 cents each on all con- 
tracts of 2,700 or more. 

Business and residence, $2.50 per month for 30 calls per 
month; 5 cents for each additional message. 

Residence, $36 for 600 calls per year; 5 cents for each addi- 
tional message. 

5 cents per message 

5 cents per message, agent allowed 20 per cent of receipts. 

Rates vary according to distance and connections 

Rates vary according to distance and connections 

Switchboard, $24 per year; 2 "trunk" lines, $48 per year: 
2 stations, $12 per year, and $6 per year for each addi- 
tional station; all messages. 2} cents each. 



Business, $125 per year 

Residence, $72 per vear, payable in quarterly installments 
of $18 each. 

Residence, $56 per year, payable in quarterly installments 
of $14 each. 

Business, $60 for 1,200 calls per year; for the next 2,400 calls, 
3 cents each; for all calls in excess of 3,600, 2 cents each. 

Business and residence, 20 cents per day guaranteed, in- 
cluding 4 messages. 

Business and residence, 12} cents per day guaranteed, in- 
cluding 2| messages. 

Residence, 10 cents per day guaranteed, including 2 mes- 
sages. 

Residence, 5 cents per day guaranteed, including 1 mes- 
sage. 

Business, $4 per month; residence, $3 per month 

Business, $3 per month; residence, $2 per month 

Business, $2 per month; residence, $1.50 per month 



10 cents per message of 3 minutes, 5 cents for each addi- 
tional minute, to telephones within 15 miles of city hall, 
or within 1 mile of city limits and within the State of 
Illinois. 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 



No limit. 
5 minutes. 



5 minutes. 



5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 
3 minutes. 
3 minutes. 
Not reported. 



No limit. 
No limit. 

No limit. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

3 minutes. 



« The rates shown apply to the city. In out-of-town exchanges different rates prevail. 



138 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMP AN IES— Continued . 

D.— RATES CHARGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE— Continued. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Company and kind of service 



Rates charged. 



Length of 

conversation 

allowed. 



Cincinnati and Suburban Bell 
Telephone Co. : 
Cincinnati, Ohio: (a) 
Flat rate, special line. 



Flat rate, 2-party line. 

Flat rate, 4-party line. 
Measured, special line 

Guaranteed service, 

special line. 
Guaranteed service, 

4-party line. 
Flat rate, joint use . . . 
Measured, joint use. . . 
Guaranteed, joint use. 
"P.B.X.," flat rate.. 



'P. B. 

rate. 



message 



Toll lines 

Citizens Telephone Co.: 
Covington, Ky.:(a) 

Flat rate, special line. 



Flat rate, 2-party line 



Flat rate, 4-party line. 
Measured, special 

line. 
Guaranteed service, 

special line. 
Guaranteed service, 

4-party line. 
Flat rate, joint use. .. 
Measured, joint use. . 
Guaranteed , j oint use 
"P. B.X.", flat rate.. 



P.B.X. 

rate. 



message 



Toll lines 

Long distance 

Cleveland Telephone Co.: 
Cleveland, Ohio: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Measured, special line 

Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 
Flat rate, 2-party line. 
Flat rate, 4-party line. 
Measured, 2-party line 



Business, within 4 miles, $100 per year; residence, within 

2 miles, $48 per year; beyond 2 miles and within 4 miles, 

$60 per year. 
Residence, within 2 miles, $30 per year; beyond 2 miles 

and within 4 miles, $42 per year. 
Residence, beyond 2 miles, and within 4 miles, $30 per year 
Business and residence, $48 for 600 calls per year; 3 cents 

for each additional call. 
Business, $5 per month 

Business, $3 per month; residence, $1.50 per month 

Business, $25 per year 

Business, $12 per year; residence, $3 per year 

Business, $10 per year; residence, $3 per year 

Switchboard, including operator's set, $20 per year; each 
station, $20 per year; mileage, per mile, $24 per year; 
each trunk line, $100 per year. 

Switchboard, including operator's set, $24 per year; each 
station $9 per year; commuted rate trunks, unlimited 
outward calls, $240 per year; message rate trunks^, $30 
per year; mileage, per mile, $24 per year; additional 
messages, 3 cents each. 

Not reported 



Business, within 4 miles, $100 per year; residence, within 

2 miles, $48 per year; beyond 2 miles and within 4 miles, 

$60 per year. 
Residence, within 2 miles, $30 per year; beyond 2 miles and 

within 4 miles, $42 per year. 
Residence, beyond 2 miles and within 4 miles, $30 per year 
Business and residence, $48 for 600 calls per year; 3 cents 

for each additional call. 
Business, $5 per month 

Business, $3 per month; residence, $1. 50 per month 

Business, $25 per year 

Business, $12 per year; residence, $3 per year 

Business, $10 per year; residence, $3 per year 

Switchboard, including operator's set, $20 per year; each 
station, $20 per year; mileage, per mile, $24 per year; each 
trunk line, $100 per year. 

Switchboard, including operator's set, $24 per year; each 
station, $9 per year; commuted rate trunks, unlimited 
outward calls, $240 per year; message rate trunks, $30 per 
year; mileage, per mile, $24 per year; additional mes- 
sages, 3 cents each. 

Not reported 

Not reported 

Business, $84 per year; residence, $54 per year 

Business, $60 for 1,200 calls per year; 3 cents for each addi- 
tional call. 
Business, 20 cents per day 

Residence, $42 per year 

Residence, $30 per year 

Business, $48 for 900 calls per year; 3 cents for each addi- 
tional call. 
Business, 15 cents per day 

Residence, 5 cents per day 



Automatic, 2-party 

line. 
Automatic, 4-party 

line. 

a The rates shown apply to the city. In out-of-town exchanges different rates prevail. 



No limit. 



No limit. 

No limit. 
5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

No limit. 
5 minutes. 
5 minutes. 



3 minutes. 



No limit. 



No limit. 

No limit. 
5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

No limit. 
5 minutes. 
5 minutes. 



3 minutes. 
3 minutes. 



No limit. 
No limit. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 
5 minutes. 
5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



139 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 

COMPANIES— Continued. 

D.— RATES CHARGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE— Continued. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Company and kind of service. 



Rates charged. 



Length of 

conversation 

allowed. 



Colorado Telephone Co.: 
Denver, Colo.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Measured, special line 

Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 
Flat rate , 2-party line. 
Measured, 10-party 
line. 

Toll line 

Long-distance line 

Cumberland Telephone and 
Telegraph Co.: 
Louisville, Ky.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate, 2-party line. 
Flat rate, 4-party line. 
Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 

Toll line 

Nashville, Tenn.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Measured, special line 

Flat rate, 2-party line. 

Flat rate, 4-party line. 

Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 

Toll lines 

New Orleans, La.: 

Flat rate, special line. 

Flat rate, 2-party line. 

Flat rate, 4-party line. 

Flat rate, 6-party line. 

Measured, special 
line. 

Measured, special 
line. 

Toll lines 

Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 
Missouri and Kansas Tele- 
phone Co. : 
Kansas City, Mo.: 

Subscribers 

Joint users, unlim- 
ited service. 

Joint users, meas- 
ured service. 

Joint users, prepay- 
ment service. 
Armstrong, Mo.: 

Flat rate, special line. 

Rural lines 

Joint users, kind of 
service not 
reported. 
Topeka, Kans.: 

Subscribers 

Joint users, kind of 
service not 
reported. 
Wellington, Kans. : 

Subscribers 

Joint users, kind of 
service not 
reported. 



Residence, $4 per month 

Business, $3.50 to $4 per month; residence, $2 to $2.50 per 

month. 
Business, 15 cents per day guaranteed 



Business, 10 cents per day; residence, 7 cents per day. 
Residence, 5 cents to 7 cents per day guaranteed 

Not reported 

Not reported 



Business, $90 per year; residence, $42 per year (a) . 
Business, $54 per year; residence, $30 per year (o). 
Business, $42 per year; residence, $24 per year (a) . 
5 cents per message 



Not reported. 



Business, $84 per year; residence, $36 per year (a) 

Business, $54 per year; residence, $30 per year (a) For all 
calls in excess of GO per month, 2 cents each. 

Business, $48 per year; residence, $30 per year (a) 

Business, $42 per year; residence, $21 per year(^) 

5 cents per message 



Not reported. 



Business, $120 per year; residence, $48 per year (a) 

Business, $72 per year; residence, $36 per year (o) 

Business, $48 per year; residence, $30 per year (a) 

Business, $30 per year; residence, $24 per year O) 

Business, $60 per year; residence, $42 per year, (a) For all 

calls in excess of 250 per quarter, 2 cents each. 
Business, $36 per year; residence, $24 per year, (a) and 

2 cents each for messages sent. 

Not reported 

5 cents per message 



Not reported. 

Business, $1.25 per month; residence, 50 cents per month . . 

Business, $1 per month; residence (hotel guest), 35 cents 

per month. 
Business, $1 per month 



$12 and $24 per year 

$3 to $12 per year 

Business, $1 per month; residence, 50 cents per month; 
transposed listings, 15 cents per month. 



Not reported. 

Business, $1 per month; residence, 50 cents per month; 
transposed listings, 15 cents per month. 



Not reported. 

Business, $1 per month; residence, 50 cents per month; 
transposed listings, 15 cents per month. 



No limit. 
No limit. 

No limit. 

Not reported. 
No limit. 

3 minutes. 
3 minutes. 



No limit. 
No limit. 
No limit. 
5 minutes. 

3 minutes. 

No limit. 
Not reported. 

No limit. 
No limit. 
5 minutes. 

3 minutes. 

Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 

Not reported. 

3 minutes. 
5 minutes. 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 



Not reported. 



Not reported. 



a A discount of 50 cents per month allowed for payments quarterly in advance. 



140 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPANIES— Continued. 

».— RATES CHARGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE— Continued. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Company and kind of service. 



Rates charged. 



Length of 

conversation 

allowed. 



Nebraska Telephone Com- 
pany: 
Omaha, Nebr.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate, 2-party 

line. 
Flat rate, 4-party 

line. 
Measured, special 
line. 
New England Telephone and 
Telegraph Co.: 
Boston, Mass. (Metropol- 
itan district) : 
Flat rate, special 

line. 
Flat rate, 2-party 

line. 
Measured, special 
lines. 

Measured, 2-party 
line. 



4-party 
line (coin-box 
service). 

Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 

Toll lines 



Boston, Mass. (subur- 
ban district): 
Flat rate, special 

lines. 
Flat rate, 2-party 

line. 
Flat rate, 4-party 

line. 
Measured, special 

lines. 
Measured, 2-party 

line. 
Measured, 4-party 

line (coin-box 

service). 
Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 
New York Telephone Co.: 
New York, N. Y.: 

Flat rate, special line. 

Flat rate, 2-party line. 



Measured, special line 



Measured, 2-party 
line. 



Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 



Business, $72 per year; residence, $42 per year (a) 
Business, $54 per year; residence, $36 per year («) 

Business, $45 per year 

Not reported 



Business, $162 per year; residence, $116 per year. 
Residence, $90 per year 



Business and residence, $60 for 600 calls per year, and 5 
cents for each additional call; or $78 for 1,000 calls per 
year, and 3 cents for each additional call. 

Business and residence, $45 for 500 calls per year, and 5 
cents for each additional call; or $50 for 600 calls per 
year, and 5 cents for each additional call; or $64 for 
1,000 calls per year, and 3 cents for each additional call. 

Business, $3 per month; residence, $2.50. per month 



To Metropolitan and certain suburban exchanges, 5 cents 

per call; to other suburban exchanges, 10 cents per call. 

Not reported 



Business, $84 per year; residence, $54 per year. 
Business, $66 per year; residence, $42 per year. 
Residence, $30 per year 



Business or residence, $48 for 600 calls per year; 3 cents for 

each additional call. 
Business or residence, $36 for 600 calls per year; 3 cents for 

each additional call. 
Business, $2.50 per month; residence, $2 per month 5 minutes 



No limit. 
No limit. 



No limit. 
No limit. 



No limit. 
No limit. 
5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

3 or 5 minutes 
3 minutes. 

No limit. 
No limit. 
No limit. 
5 minutes. 
5 minutes. 



Five or 10 cents per call, depending upon the exchange 
called. 



Business, $48 per year; residence, $36 per year (in the 
Bronx district only). 

Business, $36 per year; residence, $30 per year (in the 
Bronx district only). Five cents extra is charged for 
each message sent from one telephone district into an- 
other district, and 10 cents extra is charged for each mes- 
sage sent from one of these districts to an exchange in 
Manhattan south of 110th street. 

Business and residence, $48 for 600 calls per year; $9 for 
each additional 200 calls up to 1,200; $12 for each addi- 
tional 300 calls up to 3,000; and $9 for each additional 
300 calls up to 5,700. Calls in excess of the number con- 
tracted for are 5 cents each on all contracts up to 2,700 
calls, and 4 cents each on all contracts of 3,000 calls or 
more. 

Business and residence, $42 for 600 calls per year; $9 for 
each additional 200 calls up to 1,200; and $9 for 300 addi- 
tional calls above 1,200. All calls in excess of the num- 
ber contracted for are 5 cents each. (&) 

5 cents for local calls and 10 cents for long-distance calls 



3 or 5 minutes. 



a A discount of $1 per month is allowed for payment of bill on or before the 10th of the 
* These rates apply to business only in certain districts. 



Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported 
month. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



141 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPAN IES— Continued . 

».— RATES CHARGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE— Continued. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Company and kind of service. 



Rates charged. 



Length of 

conversation 

allowed. 



New York Telephone Co.— 
Concluded. 
New York, N. Y.— Con- 
cluded. 
"P. B. X." 



Northwestern Telephone Ex- 
change Co.: 
Minneapolis, Minn.: 

Flat rate, special line. 

Flat rate, 2-party line. 

Flat rate, receiving 
line. 

Automatic slot, spe- 
cial line. 

Automatic slot, 2- 
party line. 

Private branch ex- 
change trunks, 2- 
way. 

Pay stations 

St. Paul, Minn.: 

Flat rate, special line. 

Flat rate, 2-party line. 

Receiving line 

Automatic slot, spe- 
cial line. 

Automatic slot, 2- 
party line. 

Private branch ex- 
change trunks, 2- 
way. 
Fargo, N. Dak.: 

Flat rate, special line. 

Flat rate, 2-party line. 

Private branch ex- 
change trunks, 2- 
way. 

Rural lines 

Pay stations 

Sioux Falls, S. Dak.: , 

Flat rate, special line. 

Flat rate, 2-party line. 

Flat rate, 3-party line. 

Flat rate, 4-party line. 

Rural lines 



Pay stations 

Red Wing, Minn.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate, 2-party line. 
Flat rate, 3-party line. 
Flat rate, 4-party line. 
Private branch ex- 
change trunks, 2- 
way. 

Rural lines 

Northwestern Telephone Ex- 
change Co.: 
Anoka, Minn.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate, 2-party line. 
Flat rate, 4-party line. 
Rural lines 



Switchboard with operating telephone, 2 lines to central 
office, 2 telephone stations, and right to send 3,600 local 
messages in 1 year for $204 per year; additional lines, 
each $24 per year; additional stations, each $6 per year. 
Additional messages contracted for in advance in lots 
of 400 cost $3 per hundred messages. Excess messages, 
4 cents each. 



Business, $7.50 per month; residence, $3.50 per month (a) 
Business, $4.50 per month; residence, $3 per month (a). . . 
Business, $2.50 per month («) 



Business, S7 per month guaranteed. 
Business, $4 per month guaranteed. 
Business, $6 per month guaranteed. 

Not reported 



Business, $7.50 per month; residence, $3.50 per month (a) 
Business, $4.50 per month; residence, $3 per month («). . . 

Business, $2.50 per month (a) 

Business, $7 per month guaranteed 

Business, $4 per month guaranteed 

Business, $6 per month 



Business, $4 per month; residence, $3 per month (a) 

Business, $3.50 per month; residence, $2.50 per month (a) 
Business, $3.50 per month 



Business, $5 per year (&) 
Not reported 



Business, $3 per month; residence, $2.50 per month . . . 

Business, $2.50 per month; residence, $2 per month 

Business, $2 per month; residence, $1.67 per month 
Business, $1.50 per month; residence, $1.25 per month. 

Business, $3 per year (b) 

Not reported 



Business, $3 per month; residence, $2.50 per month 

Business, $2.50 per month; residence, $2 per month 

Business, $2 per month; residence, $1.67 per month 

Business, $1.50 per month; residence, 75 cents per month. 
Business, $3 per month 



Business, $3 per year (&). 



Business, $2.50 per month; residence, $1.50 per month. . . 

Business, $2 per month; residence, $1.25 per month 

Residence, $1 per month , 

$3 per year (*>) 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 

Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 

Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 



Not reported. 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 



a A discount of 50 cents per month allowed for payment of bill on or before the 15th of the month. 
6 Rural subscribers own and maintain line. 



142 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 

COMPANIES— Continued. 

D.— RATES CHARGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE— Continued. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Company and kind of service. 



Rates charged. 



Length, of 

conversation 

allowed. 



Ozark Bell Telephone Co.: 
Springfield, Mo.: 

Subscribers 

Joint users 

Aurora, Mo 

Republic, Mo.: 

Subscribers 

Joint users 

Pacific Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co.: 
Los Angeles, Cal.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate , 2-party line . 
Measured, special 
line. 

Measured, special 

line. 
Nickel - in - the - slot, 

special line. 
Nickel-in-the-slot, 2- 

party line. 

Toll lines 

Portland, Oreg.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate,2-party line. 
Measured, special 

line. 



Measured, 
line. 



2-party 



Nickel - in - the - slot, 

special line. 
Nickel-in-the-slot, 2- 

party line. 

Toll lines 

San Francisco, Cal. : 

Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate, 2-party line. 
Flat rate, 4-party line. 
Measured, special 

line. 



Measured, special 

line. 
Nickel - in - the - slot, 

special line. 
Nickel-in-the-slot, 2- 

party line. 



Nickel-in-the-slot, 4- 
party line. 



Toll lines 

Seattle, Wash. : 

Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate, 2-party line. 
Measured, special line 



Not reported. 

Business, $1 per month; residence, 50 cents per month; 

transposed listings, 15 cents per month. 
Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Business, $1 per month; residence, 50 cents per month; 
transposed listings, 15 cents per month. 



Business, $5 per month; residence, $3 per month 

Business, $4 per month; residence, $2.25 per month 

Business, $5 per month for 100 messages; residence, $2 per 
month for 50 messages. All additional messages for busi- 
ness or residence are 2 cents each. 

Business, $4 per month for 60 messages, and 3 cents each 
for additional messages. 

Business, 3 messages per day guaranteed. All additional 
messages, 3 cents each. 

Business, 2 messages per day guaranteed. All additional 
messages, 4 cents each. 

Not reported 

Business, $8 per month; residence, $3 per month 

Business, $5 per month; residence, $2.25 per month 

Business, $4 per month for 80 calls per month, and 2\ cents 
for each additional call; or $5 per month for 125 calls per 
month, and 2 cents for each additional call. 

Business, $3 per month for 60 calls per month, and 3 cents 
for each additional call; or $4 per month for 100 calls per 
month, and 2\ cents for each additional call. 

Business, 3 calls per day guaranteed, and 2\ cents each for 
additional calls. 

Business, 2 calls per day guaranteed, and 2\ cents each for 
additional calls. 

Not reported 

Residence, $4 per month . 

Residence, $3.50 per month 

Residence, $2.50 per month. 

Business, $5 per month for 42'calls per month, and 5 cents 
each for additional calls; $9.15 per month for 125 calls per 
month, and 4 cents each for additional calls; $12.47 per 
month for 209 calls per month, and 3 cents each for addi- 
tional calls; $15 per month for 292 calls per month, and 
2\ cents each for additional calls; $17.48 per month for 
500 calls per month, and 2 cents each for additional calls; 
$19.57 per month for 667 calls per month, and 1J cents 
each for additional calls. 

Residence, $3 per month for 40 calls per month, and 3 cents 
each for additional calls. 

Business, $5.50 per month for 60 messages per month, and 5 
cents each for additional messages. 

Business, $4.50 per month for 60 messages per month, or 20 
cents per day for 4 messages per day; residence, 10 cents 
per day for 2 messages. All additional messages are 5 
cents each. 

Business, 10 cents per day for 2 messages per day, and 5 
cents for each additional call ; or $1 per month and 5 cents 
for each message sent. Residence, 5 cents per day guar- 
anteed, and 5 cents each for all messages in excess of 1 
per day. 

Not reported 

Business, $6.50 per month; residence, $3 per month 

Business, $4.50 per month; residence, $2.50 per month 

Business, $4 per month for 100 calls per month, and 2 cents 
for each additional call; residence, $2 per month for 50 
calls per month, and 2 cents for each additional call. 



Not reported 



Not reported. 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 



Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



143 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPAN IES— Continued . 

D.— RATES CHARGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE— Continued. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 



Company and kind of service. 



Rates charged. 



Length of 

conversation 

allowed. 



Pacific Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co.— Concluded. 
Seattle, Wash.— Concl'd. 
Measured, 2-p arty- 
line. 
Nickel - in - the - slot, 
special line. 

Nickel - in - the - slot, 
2-party line. 



Toll lines 

Rocky Mountain Bell Tele- 
phone Co.: 
Salt Lake City, Utah: 
Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate, 2-party line. 
Flat rate, 4-party line. 
Measured, special line 
Measured, "P. B.X.". 



Flat rate, "P. B.X.' 



Toll lines 

Long distance 

Southern Bell Telephone and 
Telegraph Co.: 
Atlanta, Ga.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Measured, special line 



Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 

Flat rate, 2-party ma- 
chines. 

Measured, 2-party 
machines. 

Long distance 

Birmingham, Ala.: 

Flat rate, special line. 

Measured, special line 

Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 

Toll lines 

Richmond, Va. : 

Flat rate, special line. 

Flat rate, special line, 
joint user. 

Flat rate, 2-party line . 

Flat rate, unlimited, 
2-party line. 

Measured 



Measured . 
"P. B. X. 



Southwestern Telegraph and 
Telephone Co.: 
Dallas, Tex. : 

Flat rate, special line. 
Measured, special line 
Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 
Flat rate, 2-party line. 
Flat rate, 3-party line. 
Flat rate, 4-party line. 



Business, $3 per month for 60 calls per month, and 3 cents 

for each additional call. 
Business, 3 calls per day guaranteed, and 2\ cents for each 

additional call; residence, \\ calls per day guaranteed, 

and 2\ cents for each additional call. 
Business, 2 calls per day guaranteed, and 3 cents for each 

additional call; residence, \\ calls per day guaranteed, 

and 3 cents for each additional call. 
Not reported 

Business, $78 per year; residence, $36 per year 

Business, $72 per year; residence, $30 per year 

Residence, $24 per year 

Business, $48 for 1,200 calls per year 

Five stations and 3,000 messages, $135 per year. Each ad- 
ditional station, $6 per year. Messages in excess of 3,000 
per year, 2 cents each. 

Trunk lines sold only in pairs at $144 per pair per year; $12 
per station per year; minimum number of stations, 3. 

5 cents to 25 cents, according to distance 

Vary according to distance 

Business, $66 per year; residence, $48 per year 

$36 per year, covering 100 calls per month, 3 cents for each 

additional call. 
5 cents per message 

Business, $48 per year; residence, $36 per year 

Residence, $24 per year for 67 calls per month, 3 cents for 

each additional call. 
Published tariffs 

Not reported 

Not reported 

Not reported 

Not reported (various) 

Business, $72 per year; residence, $36 per year (a) 

Business, $24 per year; residence, $12 per year (a) 

Business, $48 per year; residence, $24 per year (a) 

Business, $48 per year (a) 

Business, $36 per year for 100 messages per month. For 
each additional message, 3 cents, (a) 

Residence, $24 per year for 67 messages per month. For 
each additional message, 3 cents. (<*) 

Trunks, $108 per year; one way trunk, $54 per year; switch- 
board, $24 per year; ringing current, $6 per year; instru- 
ments, $12 per year. 



Business, $5 per month; residence, $2 per month. . . 

5 cents per call 

5 cents per call 

Business, $3.50 per month , 

Business, $3 per month 

Business, $2 per month; residence, $1.50 per month 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 

Not reported. 

Not reported. 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 
Not reported. 



Not reported. 

3 minutes. 
1 minute. 



5 minutes. 
5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 

3 minutes. 

No limit. 
5 minutes. 
5 minutes. 

No limit. 

No limit. 
No limit. 

No limit. 
No limit. 

No limit. 

No limit. 



No limit. 
5 minutes. 
5 minutes. 

No limit. 
No limit. 
No limit. 



a Rates apply within 2-mile radius, 
is made. 



Beyond 2-mile radius, an additional charge of $30 per year per mile 



144 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPANIES— Continued . 

D.— RATES CHARGED FOR TELEPHONE SERVICE— Concluded. 
INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



Company and kind of service. 



Rates charged. 



Length of 

conversation 

allowed. 



Kansas City Home Telephone 
Co.: 
Kansas City, Mo.: 

Flat rate 

Keystone Telephone Co. of 
Philadelphia: 
Philadelphia, Pa.: 
Louisville Home Telephone 
Co: 
Louisville, Ky.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate, 2-party line. 
Flat rate. 4-party line. 
Flat rate, 6-party line. 
Automatic slot ma- 
chines. 

Toll calls 

Maryland Telephone Co.: 
Baltimore, Md.: 

Flat rate, special line. 
Flat rate, 2-party line. 
Measured service, 
special line. 

Measured service, 

2-party line. 
Measured service, 

4-party line. 

Excess calls 

Excess calls 

Excess calls 



Business, $60 per year; residence, $36 per year 

Not reported 

Business, $48 per year; residence, $24 and $30 per year 

$36 per year 1 mile beyond city limits 

$30 per year 1 mile beyond city limits 

$24 per year 1 mile beyond city limits 

5 cents per call 

5 cents and 15 cents per call 

Business, $72 per year; residence, $60 per year 

Business, $68 per year; residence, $48 per year 

600 calls per year, $44; 700 calls per year, $48; 800 calls per 

year, $52; 1,000 calls per year, $58; 1,200 calls per year, 

$62. 
600 calls per year, $35; 700 calls per year, $39; 800 calls per 

year, $43; 1,000 calls per year, $49; 1,200 calls per year, $53. 
600 calls per year, $26; 700 calls per year, $30; 800 calls per 

year, $34; 1,000 calls per year, $40; 1,200 calls per year, $44. 

On contracts of less than 1,000 calls, 4 cents per call 

On contracts of 1 ,000 calls, 3 rents per call 

On contracts of 1 ,200 calls, 2 cents per call 



No limit. 
Not reported. 



No limit. 
No limit. 
No limit. 
No limit. 
5 minutes. 

5 minutes. 



No limit. 
Not reported. 
No limit. 



Not reported. 
Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



145 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPANIES— Continued. 



B.- 



DISTRIBUTION OF OPERATORS, ORIGINAL CALLS, AND AVERAGE CALLS PER 
OPERATOR, DURING EACH HOUR OF THE DAY. 



BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 





Bell Telephone Co. of 
Missouri, St. Louis, 
Mo. 


Bell Telephone Co. of 
Missouri, East St. 
Louis, 111. 


Bell Telephone Co. 
of Pennsylvania, 
Philadelphia, Pa. 


Central District and 
Printing Telegraph 
Co., Pittsburg, Pa. 


Hour 
ending— 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 

calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per op- 
erator. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per op- 
erator. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 

calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per op- 
erator. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 

calls 
per op- 
erator. 


1 a. m 

2 a. m 

3 a. m 

4 a. m 

5 a. m 

6 a. m 

7 a. m 

8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12m 

I p. m 

2p. m 

3p. m 

4p. m 

5 p. m 

6 p. m 

7 p. m 

8p. m 

9p. m 

lOp. m 

II p. m 

12 p. m 


21 

21 

21 

21 

21 

21 

26 

65 

142 

172 

165 

148 

127 

148 

154 

150 

149 

136 

106 

112 

101 

51| 

23 

22 


209 

161 

97 

88 

123 

350 

1,417 

5,824 

18.816 

26, 265 

24, 545 

22, 133 

16, 826 

19, 106 

18,021 

17,812 

19, 767 

16, 955 

10, 453 

12,411 

8,111 

2,261 

976 

459 


10.0 

7.7 

4.6 

4.2 

5.9 

16.7 

54.5 

89.6 

132.5 

152.7 

148.8 

149.5 

132.5 

129.1 

117.0 

118.7 

132.7 

124.7 

no! 8 

80.3 
43.9 
42.4 
20.9 


1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

4 

9 
11 
11 
10 
11 
12 
11 
11 
10 

8 

7 

7 

5J 

4 

1 

1 


23 

41 

34 

19 

29 

57 

204 

994 

2,077 

2,289 

2,112 

1.974 

1,502 

1,646 

1,744 

1,622 

1,778 

1,562 

1,134 

923 

661 

193 

105 

57 


23.0 
41.0 
34.0 
19.0 
29.0 
57.0 
102.0 
248.5 
230.8 
208.1 
192.0 
197.4 
136. 5 
137.2 
158.5 
147.5 
177.8 
195.3 
162.0 
131.9 
120.2 
48.3 
105.0 
57.0 


5* 
5 
5 
5£ 

6 

8 
16 
41§ 
59^ 
57§ 
50 
43| 
49 
58J 
50| 
49J 
44 
35 
40£ 
36* 
23| 
12 

8 


70 

57 

23 

36 

53 

62 

269 

1,157 

4, 060 

6,668 

6,973 

6,071 

4,477 

5,045 

5,768 

4,876 

4,659 

3.262 

2,172 

2,754 

1,920 

812 

365 

182 


12.7 

11.4 

4.6 

6.5 

8.8 

11.3 

33.6 

72.3 

97.8 

112.1 

121.3 

121.4 

102.9 

103. 

98.6 

96.6 

94.1 

74.1 

62.1 

68.0 

52.6 

34.6 

30.4 

22.8 


18 

18 

18 

18 

18 

18 

18 

51 

118 

161 

158 

147 

117 

147 

143 

142 

136 

108 

87 

83 

75 

53 

20 

18 


224 
100 
123 

106 
133 
155 
331 

2,314 

11,948 

21,329 

19,166 

16, 764 

12,773 

15, 824 

14, 982 

15, 092 

15, 598 

9,622 

5,693 

6,505 

4,037 

1,733 

1,017 

481 


12.4 

5.6 

6.8 

5.9 

7.4 

8.6 

18.4 

45.4 

101.3 

132.5 

121.3 

114.0 

109.2 

107.6 

104.8 

106.3 

114.7 

89.1 

65.4 

78.4 

53.8 

32.7 

50.9 

26.7 


Total . 




243, 186 


114.5 




22, 780 


161.0 




61,791 


86.4 




176, 050 93. 1 

















Central District and 
Printing Telegraph 
Co., McKeesport, 
Pa. 


Central Union Tele- 
phone Co., Indian- 
apolis, Ind. 


Chesapeake and Po- 
tomac Telephone 
Co., Baltimore, Md. 


Chesapeake and Po- 
tomac Telephone 
Co., Washington, 
D. C. 


Hour 
ending— 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 

calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 

calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


1 a. m 


2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
3 
8 
8 
8 
7 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
7 
4 
2 
2 


73 

25 

20 

18 

23 

34 

89 

532- 

1,098 

1,206 

1,135 

1,005 

875 

994 

1,073 

1,114 

989 

1,042 

951 

977 

699 

309 

167 

106 


36.5 

12.5 

10.0 

9.0 

11.5 

17.0 

44.5 

177.3 

137.3 

150.8 

141.9 

143.6 

145.8 

165.7 

178.8 

185.7 

164.8 

173.7 

158.5 

162.8 

99.9 

77.3 

83.5 

53.0 








9 

7 

6 

6 

• 6 

6 

9 

19 

40 

53 

66 

61 

57 

63 

62 

56 

54 

49 

37 

32 

32 

16 

10 

9 


212 

137 

92 

85 

88 

149 

315 

1,058 

4,155 

8,884 

10, 138 

9,362 

7,836 

9,015 

8,637 

7,849 

7,151 

6,145 

4,495 

3,656 

3,279 

1,509 

716 

354 


23.6 

19.6 

15.3 

14.2 

14.7 

24.8 

35.0 

55.7 

103.9 

167.6 

153.6 

153.5 

137.5 

143.1 

139.3 

140.2 

132.4 

125.4 

121.5 

114.2* 

102.5 

94.3 

71.6 

39.3 


6 

5 

4 

4 

4 

9 

16 

26 

58 

88 

84 

79 

78 

78 

78 

73 

75 

71 

67 

68 

61 

24 

13 

9 


241 
148 

82 

50 

85 

182 

757 

3,359 

7,688 

14, 300 

12, 687 

10,136 

9,964 

10,112 

10,075 

9,548 

9,321 

7,617 

7,172 

7,569 

4,828 

2,295 

1,027 

585 


40.2 


2 a. m 








29.6 


3 a. m 








20.5 


4 a. m 








12.5 


5 a. m 

6 a. m 

7 a. m 

8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12 m 

I p. m 

2p. m 

3 p. m 

4 p. m 

5 p. m 

6 p. m 

7p. m 

8p. m 

9p. m 

lOp. m 

II p. m 


4 
6 
15 
24 
36 
36 
36 
35 
34 
31 
30 
31 
37 
40 
35 
34 
26 
16 


113 
220 
986 
2,862 
6,042 
6,097 
5,260 
5,511 
5,486 
5,710 
4,175 
4,749 
5,769 
4,915 
3,706 
3,222 
1,629 
622 


28.3 
36.7 
65.7 
119.3 
167.8 
169.4 
146.1 
157.5 
161.4 
184.2 
139.2 
153.2 
155.9 
122.9 
105.9 
94.8 
62.7 
38.9 


21.3 
20.2 
47.3 

129.2 
132.6 
162.5 
151.0 
128.3 
127.7 
129.6 
129.2 
130.8 
124.3 
107.3 
107.0 
111.3 
79.1 
95.6 
79.0 


12 p. m 








65.0 












Total. 




14,554 


131.1 




67,074 


132.6 




95,317 


124.6 




129,828 


120.4 



29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2- 



-10 



146 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPANIES— Continued. 

E.— DISTRIBUTION OF OPERATORS, ORIGINAL CALLS, AND AVERAGE CALLS PER 
OPERATOR, DURING EACH HOUR OF THE DAY— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Chicago Telephone 
Co., Chicago, 111. 


Chicago Telephone 
Co., Evanston, 111. 


1 
Chicago Telephone I Chicago Telephone 
Co., Aurora, 111. Co., Waukegan, 111. 


Hour 
ending — 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per op- 
erator. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 

calls 
per op- 
erator. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 

calls 
per op- 
erator. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per op- 
erator. 


la.m 

2 a. m 

3 a. m 

4 a. m 

5 a. m 

6 a. m 

7 a. m 

8a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12m 

Ip. m 

2p. m 

3p. m 

4 p. m 

5p. m 

6p. m 

7p. m 

8p. m.... . 

9 p. m 

lOp. m 

11 p. m 

12 p. m 


26 

25 

24 

24 

24 

27 

38 

110 

311 

360 

356 

348 

308 

328 

341 

340 

343 

330 

221 

172 

165 

138 

35 

31 


905 

625 

460 

416 

392 

620 

1,769 

6,248 

32,065 

59,728 

59,544 

56, 305 

46, 408 

50, 571 

53,082 

52, 543 

58, 133 

40, 983 

17, 733 

13, 844 

9,648 

4,394 

2,509 

1,442 


34.8 
25.0 
19.2 
17.3 
16.3 
23.0 
46.6 
56.8 
103.1 
165.9 
167.3 
161.8 
150.7 
154.2 
155.7 
154.5 
169.5 
124.2 
80.2 
80.5 
58.5 
31.8 
71.7 
46.5 


2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
3 
9 
17 
18 
17 
15 
13 
12 
14 
13 
13 
14 
14 
14 
13 
9 
3 
2 


31 
1 

2 



5 

8 

213 

1,057 

3,067 

3,049 

2,194 

1,569 

1,288 

1,595 

1,668 

1,642 

1,675 

1,738 

1,502 

1,959 

995 

250 

87 

33 


15.5 

.5 

1.0 

""2.'5" 

4.0 

71.0 

117.4 

180.4 

169. 4 

129.1 

104.6 

99.1 

132.9 

119.1 

126.3 

128. 8 

124.1 

107.3 

139.9 

76.5 

27.8 

29.0 

16.5 


2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
4 
9 
13 
13 
12 
12 
9 
10 
10 
9 
9 

10 
9 
11 
7 
4 
2 
2 


20 
10 

7 

15 

23 

43 

332 

947 

1,702 

2,138 

1,396 

1,128 

1,063 

1,250 

1,022 

1,197 

1,033 

1,370 

1,048 

1,212 

420 

272 

132 

68 


10.0 

5.0 

3.5 

7.5 

11.5 

21.5 

83.0 

105.2 

130.9 

164.5 

116.3 

94.0 

118.1 

125.0 

102.2 

133.0 

114.8 

137.0 

116.4 

110.2 

60.0 

68.0 

66.0 

34.0 


2 
2 

2 
2 
2 
2 

2 
5 

8 
9 
9 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
9 
8 
8 
7 
3 
2 
2 


50 

28 

23 

23 

20 

43 

169 

527 

1,191 

1,287 

889 

898 

840 

987 

1,182 

591 

895 

1,073 

853 

1,217 

516 

205 

123 

113 


25.0 
14.0 
11.5 
11.5 
10.0 
21.5 
84.5 
105.4 
148.9 
143.0 
98.8 
112.3 
105.0 
123.4 
147.8 
73.9 
111.9 
119.2 
106.6 
152.1 
73.7 
68.3 
61.5 
56.5 


Total. 




570, 367 


128.9 




25, 628 


113.9 


1 17.848 


106.9 




13, 743 


104.1 















Cincinnati and Sub- 
urban Bell Tele- 
phone Co., Cincin- 
nati, Ohio. 


Citizens' Telephone 
Co., Covington, Ky. 


Cleveland Telephone 
Co., Cleveland, 
Ohio. 


Cumberland Tele- 
phone and T e 1 e- 
graph Co., Louis- 
ville, Ky. 


Hour 
ending — 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 
oper- 
ator. 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 
oper- 
ator. 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 
oper- 
ator. 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 
oper- 
ator. 


1 a. m 

2 a. m 

3 a. m 

4 a. m 

5 a. m 

6 a. m 

7 a. m 

8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12 m 

Ip. m 

2p. m..„... 

3p. m 

4p. m 

5 p. m 

6 p. m 

7 p.m.. 

8p. m...... 

9p. m 

10 p. m 

11 p. m 

12 p. m 


43 

43 

43 

43 

43 

43 

62 

166 

166 

166 

166 

166 

166 

166 

166 

166 

166 

153 

140 

140 

140 

43 

43 

43 


420 

327 

222 

231 

358 

653 

2,792 

10, 746 

22, 427 

27, 180 

24, 155 

19, 083 

18, 728 

19, 903 

19, 162 

18, 810 

18, 003 

17,006 

11,812 

12,379 

7,602 

3,284 

1.608 

1,043 


9.8 

7.6 

5.2 

5.4 

8.3 

15.2 

45.0 

64.7 

135. 1 

163.7 

145.5 

115.0 

112.8 

119.9 

115. -4 

113.3 

108.6 

111.2 

84.4 

88.4 

54.3 

76.4 

37.4 

24.3 


4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

19 

19 

19 

19 

19 

19 

19 

19 

19 

19 

19 

19 

19 

19 

4 

4 

4 


51 

58 

16 

49 

66 

114 

175 

1,430 

2,622 

3,006 

2,709 

2,795 

2,364 

2,231 

2,245 

1,911 

1,890 

2,025 

1,874 

2,783 

1,482 

496 

329 

94 


12.8 

14.5 

4.0 

12.3 

16.5 

28.5 

43.8 

75.3 

138. 

158.2 

142.6 

147.1 

124.4 

117.4 

118.2 

100.6 

99.5 

106.6 

98.6 

146.5 

78.0 

124.0 

82.3 

23.5 


11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
27 
71 
108 
108 
107 
96 
93 
94 
94 
93 
93 
84 
59 
66 
56 
34 
11 
11 


128 

152 

107 

84 

145 

257 

1,111 

5,062 

12, 903 

16, 408 

13,365 

11,958 

9,901 

11, 069 

10, 549 

10, 847 

11,536 

8,068 

5,636 

5,988 

3, 005 

1,056 

496 

249 


11.6 

13.8 

9.7 

7.6 

13.2 

23.4 

41.1 

71. 3 

119.5 

151.9 

124.9 

124.6 

106.5 

117.8 

112.2 

116.6 

124.0 

96.0 

95.5 

90.7 

53.7 

31.1 

45.1 

22.6 


6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

10 

21 

35 

35 

35 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

22 

22 

22 

16 

7 

6 


186 

136 

108 

83 

123 

188 

414 

1,264 

1,720 

7,119 

6,716 

5,646 

4, 420 

4,715 

5,329 

5,603 

4,523 

4,423 

3,118 

2,735 

3,020 

1,364 

522 

214 


31.0 

22.7 

18.0 

13.8 

20.5 

31.3 

41.4 

60.2 

49.1 

203.4 

191.9 

188.2 

147.3 

157.2 

177.6 

186.8 

150.8 

147.4 

141.7 

124.3 

137.3 

85.3 

74.6 

35.7 


Total . . 




257, 934 


96.2 


39.81H 


107.2 




140, 080 


102.2 




63, 689 


133.5 













CHAPTEK III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



147 



T\ble I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 

COMPANIES— Continued. 

E.— DISTRIBUTION OF OPERATORS, ORIGINAL CALLS, AND AVERAGE CALLS PER 
OPERATOR, DURING EACH HOUR OF THE DAY— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Hour 
ending— 


Cumberland Tele- 
phone and Tele- 
graph Co., Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 


Cumberland Tele- 
phone and Tele- 
graph Co., New 
Orleans, La. 


Missouri and Kan- 
sas Telephone Co., 
Kansas City, Mo. 


Missouri and Kan- 
sas Telephone Co., 
St. Joseph, Mo. 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 
oper- 
ator. 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 
oper- 
ator. 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 
oper- 
ator. 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 
oper- 
ator. 


1 a. m 

2 a. m 

3 a. m 

4 a. m 

5 a. m 

6 a. m 

7 a. m 

8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12 m 

1 p. m 

2 p. m 

3p. m 

4 p. m 

5p. m 

6p. m 

7p. m 

8 p. in 

9p. in 

10 p. m 

11 p. m 

12 p. m 


8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
16 
33 
41 
51 
51 
49 
46 
43 
43 
43 
42 
38 
38 
38 
31 
18 
8 
8 


205 

183 

41 

97 

84 

302 

990 

2,927 

6,910 

10, 813 

8,966 

8,684 

8,305 

7,358 

8,558 

7,645 

8,643 

7,403 

5,239 

5,321 

3,286 

1,386 

730 

366 


25.6 

22.9 

5.1 

12.1 

10.5 

37.8 

61.9 

88.7 

168.5 

212.0 

175.8 

177.2 

180.5 

171.1 

199.0 

177.8 

205.8 

194.8 

137.8 

140.0 

106.0 

77.0 

91.3 

45.8 


11 
11 

11 
11 
11 
11 
13 
31 
63 
63 
63 
63 
62 
62 
61 
61 
61 
53 
53 
53 
25 
13 
11 
11 


505 
327 
253 
255 

246 
335 

011 

2,024 

7,573 

12, 101 

11,394 

9,396 

7,004 

6,516 

10, 239 

9,627 

8,577 

6,937 

4,675 

4,817 

3,096 

1,412 

869 

600 


45.9 
29.7 
23.0 
23.2 
22.4 
30.5 
47.0 
65.3 
120.2 
192.1 
180.9 
149.1 
113.0 
105.1 
167.9 
157.8 
140.6 
130.9 
88.2 
90.9 
123.8 
108.6 
79.0 
54.5 


15 

14 

13 

13 

13| 

17 

17 

37i 

56 

70 

70 

68 

60 

61 

61 

62 

62 

67 

61 1 

66 

51 

40 

16| 

16 


433 
307 
257 
270 

268 

431 

1,264 

4,301 

10, 114 

12, 376 

11,354 

10, 372 

9,348 

9,669 

8,450 

8,770 

9,725 

11,132 

9,301 

10, 421 

7,042 

2,340 

1,139 

653 


28.9 
21.9 
19.8 
20.8 
19.9 
25.4 
74.4 
114.7 
180.6 
176.8 
162.2 
152.5 
155.8 
158.5 
138.5 
141.5 
156.9 
166.1 
151.2 
157.9 
138.1 
58.5 
69.0 
40.8 


3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

4 

8 

14 

24 

25 

25 

25 

24 

24 

23 

22 

24 

22 

21 

18 

16 

13 

5 

5 


89 

68 

42 

33 

39 

81 

731 

2,677 

3,274 

5,420 

5,146 

4,637 

4,076 

4,334 

4,471 

3,759 

4,228 

3,802 

3,900 

4,185 

1,965 

1,202 

278 

76 


29.7 

22.7 

14.0 

11.0 

13.0 

20.3 

91.4 

191.2 

136.4 

216.8 

205.8 

185.5 

169.8 

180.6 

194.4 

170.9 

176.2 

172.8 

185.7 

232.5 

122.8 

92.5 

55.6 

15.2 


Total. 




104, 442 


152.5 




109,389 123.2 




139,737 ! 135.9 




58, 513 


163.9 



















Missouri and Kansas 
Telephone Co., 
Springfield, Mo. 


Missouri and Kansas 
Telephone Co., 
Topeka, Kans. 


Missouri and Kansas 
Telephone Co., 
Lawrence, Kans. 


Missouri and Kansas 
Telephone Co., 
Leavenworth, Kans. 


Hour 
ending— 




Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 

calls 
per 
opera- 
tor. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


1 a. m 


























2 a. m 

























3 a. m 


























4 a. m 


























5 a. m 

6 a. m 

7 a. m 

8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12 m 

1 p. m 

2 p. m 

3 p. m 

4 p. m 

5 p. m 

6p. m 

7p. m 

8p. m 

9 p. m 

lOp. m 

11 p. m 


2 
2 

4 
11 
14 
14 
13 
13 
12 
13 
12 
12 
13 
14 
12 
9 
5 
5 


93 
90 

811 
1,552 
2,780 
3.064 
2,403 
2.113 
2.346 
2, 520 
2,057 
1,948 
2,197 
2,548 
1,867 
1,687 
754 
418 


46.5 
45.0 
202.8 
141.1 
198.6 
218.9 
184.8 
162.5 
195.5 
193.8 
171.4 
162.3 
169.0 
182.0 
155.6 
187.4 
150.8 
83.6 


1 
2 
2 
6 

7 
8 
8 
7 
7 
8 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
6 
5 


48 

89 

267 

668 

998 

1,196 

1,035 

1,013 

860 

1,082 

951 

889 

860 

1,175 

880 

869 

565 

325 


48.0 
44.5 
133. 5 
111. 3 
142.6 
149.5 
129.4 
144.7 
122.9 
135.3 
135.9 
127.0 
122.9 
167. 9 
125.7 
124.1 
94.2 
65.0 


1 

1 
4 
4 
6 
7 
6 
6 
5 
6 
6 
5 
6 

7 
6 
7 
3 


11 

17 

197 

595 

1,244 

1,165 

1,010 

853 

931 

1,091 

882 

655 

723 

1,083 

1,054 

1,196 

608 

185 


11.0 

17.0 
49.3 
148.8 
207.3 
166.4 
168.3 
142.2 
186.2 
181.8 
147.0 
131.0 
120.5 
154.7 
150.6 
199. 3 
86.9 
61.7 


1 
1 
2 
5 

8 
8 
8 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
4 


30 

40 

153 

870 

1,604 

1,518 

1,551 

1,116 

939 

1,292 

1,208 

1,227 

1,241 

1,292 

1,191 

1,544 

757 

500 


30.0 
40.0 
76.5 
174.0 
200.5 
189.8 
193.9 
159.4 
134.1 
184.6 
172.6 
175.3 
177.3 
184.6 
170.1 
220.6 
108.1 
125.0 


12p. m 




































1 








Total. 


31,248 


173.6 




13,770 


126.3 




13,500 145.2 




18, 073 


168.9 



148 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPANIES— Continued. 

E.— DISTRIBUTION OF OPERATORS, ORIGINAL CALLS, AND AVERAGE CALLS PER 
OPERATOR, DURING EACH HOUR OF THE DAY— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Missouri and Kansas 
Telephone Co., 
Chanute, Kans. 


Missouri and Kansas 
Telephone Co., 
Sedalia, Mo. 


Missouri and Kansas 
Telephone Co., 
Brookfleld, Mo. 


Nebraska Telephone 
Co., Omaha, Nebr. 


Hour 
ending— 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 
oper- 
ator. 


Num- ■ • 
berofl °"M" 

S' ! -11 . 
ators. 


Aver- 
age 

calls 
per 
oper- 
ator. 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 

calls 
per 
oper- 
ator. 


Num- 
ber of 
oper- 
ators. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 

calls 
per 
oper- 
ator. 


1 a. m 


















8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 
25 
46J 
55 
52 
504 
46" 
51 1 
48 
48 
49 
50J 
42i 
46 
36i 
19A 

8" 

8 


311 

202 

78 

41 

S2 

183 

700 

3,088 

8, 195 

10,458 

9.330 

8.030 

7,733 

8,925 

7,956 

7,973 

8,445 

9,379 

7.062 

8.107 

4,868 

1.918 

1,073 

691 


38.9 


2 a. m 


















25.3 


3 a. m 








i 










9.8 


4 a. m 


















5.1 


5 a. m 

6 a. m 

7 a. m 

8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12 m 

Ip. m 

2 p. m 

3p. m 

4 p. m 

5p .m 

6 p. m 

7p. m 

8 p. m 

9 p. m 

10 p. m 

11 p. m 


1 
2 
2 
4 
6 
6 
6 
5 
4 
5 
5 
5 
6 
6 
5 
5 
4 
2 


15 
35 
111 
668 

1,059 

1,082 
899 
663 
838 

1,127 
636 
656 
878 
974 

1,010 

823 

539 

67 


15.0 
17.5 
55.5 
167.0 
176.5 
180.3 
149.8 
132. 6 
209.5 
225.4 
127.2 
131.2 
146.3 
162.3 
202.0 
161. 6 
134.8 
33.5 




2 
2 
3 

7 
8 

1 

7 
6 
6 
6 
6 
8 
7 
6 
7 
6 
4 


47 

71 

296 

899 

1,693 

1,736 

1,565 

1,317 

1,018 

1,301 

1,179 

1,283 

1,470 

1,545 

1,381 

1,087 

551 

180 


23.5 
35.5 

98.7 
128.4 
211.6 
217.0 
195.6 
188.1 
169.7 
216.8 
196.5 
213.8 
183. 8 
220.7 
230.2 
155. 3 
91.8 
45.0 


2 
2 
2 
5 
6 
6 
6 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
6 
6 
6 
6 
4 
2 


12 

28 

90 

591 

1,008 

824 

794 

496 

495 

500 

425 

503 

622 

893 

1,065 

900 

570 

89 


6.0 
14.0 
45.0 
118.2 
168.0 
137.3 
132.3 
124.0 
123.8 
125. 
106.3 
125.8 
103.7 
148.8 
177.5 
150.0 
142.5 
44.5 


10.3 
22.9 

87.5 
123.5 
176.2 
190. 1 
179.4 
159.0 
168.1 
173.3 
165.8 
166.1 
172.3 
185.7 
166.2 
176.2 
133.4 

98.4 
134.1 


12 p. m 




















86.4 






















Total. 




12,080 


152. 9 




18,619 


174.0 


9(15 


125.4 




114,828 


155.5 















New York Tele- 
phone Co., New- 
York, N. Y. 


New York Tele- 
phone Co., Yonk- 
ers, N. Y. 


New York Tele- 
phone Co., Green- 
wich, Conn. 


Northwestern Tele- 
phone Exchange 
Co., Minneapolis, 
Minn. 


Hour 
ending— 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 

calls 
per 
opera- 
tor. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 

calls 
per 
opera- 
tor. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


1 a. m 

2 a. m 

3 a. m 

4 a. m 

5 a. m 

6 a. m 

7 a. m 

8 a. m 

9a. m 

10 a. m 

11a. m 

12m 

1 p. m 

2p. m 

3 p. m 

4p. m 

5p. m 

6p. m 

7 p. m 

8 p. m 

9 p. m 

lOp. m 

lip. m 

12 p. m 


13 

13 

12 

10 

12 

14 

23 

30 

49 

95 

121 

116 

118 

114 

114 

109 

109 

87 

60 

42 

41 

30 

22 

17 


68 

56 

24 

9 

18 

29 

180 

1,095 

3, 738 

12,472 

15, 178 

14,046 

10, 928 

10,729 

11,712 

11,241 

9,680 

6,777 

4,693 

3,594 

2,427 

1,076 

452 

181 


5.2 

4.3 

2.0 

.9 

1.5 

2.1 

7.8 

36.5 

76.3 

131.3 

125.4 

121.1 

92.6 

94.0 

102.7 

103.1 

88.8 

77.9 

78.2 

85.6 

59.2 

35.9 

20.5 

10.6 


2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

6 

12 

12 

12 

10 

9 

10 

10 

10 

9 

9 

10 

10 

10 

3 

3 

2 


48 

27 

42 

27 

31 

51 

125 

521 

1,568 

1,881 

1,401 

1,204 

854 

1,027 

947 

896 

791 

781 

859 

1,107 

709 

359 

177 

79 


24.0 

13.5 

21.0 

13.5 

15.5 

25.5 

41.7 

86.8 

130.7 

156.8 

116.8 

120.4 

94.9 

102.7 

94.7 

89.6 

87.9 

86.8 

85.9 

110.7 

70.9 

119.7 

59.0 

39.5 


5 
4 
5 
5 
5 
5 
4 
5 
5 
5 
3 
1 
1 


1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

5 

23 

245 

507 

591 

521 

375 

293 

324 

318 

335 

351 

268 

284 

235 

153 

57 

19 

9 


1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

3.0 

1.0 

5.0 

23.0 

81.7 

72.4 

84.4 

74.4 

75.0 

73.3 

64.8 

63.6 

67.0 

70.2 

67.0 

56.8 

47.0 

30.6 

19.0 

19.0 

9.0 


3J 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3| 

5i 
20" 
S3§ 
59J 
59i 
551 
48 
49 
53 
51J 
48 
51J 
37£ 
37 
35 
28* 
15 

6 


175 

126 

93 

116 

100 

98 

440 

1.981 

8,552 

11,631 

10, 343 

9,548 

8,415 

8,322 

7,528 

6,557 

7,255 

7,275 

4,608 

5,005 

3.145 

2,243 

917 

492 


50.0 

42.0 

31.0 

38.7 

33.3 

28.0 

80.0 

99.1 

159. 9 

195.5 

173.8 

172.0 

175.3 

169.8 

142.0 

127.3 

151.1 

141.3 

122.9 

135.3 

89.9 

78.7 

61.1 

82.0 


Total. 




120, 403 


87.8 




15,512 


95.8 




4.920 


58.6 




104, 965 


143.3 













CHAPTER TTT. GENERAL TABLES. 



149 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPANIES— Continued. 

E.— DISTRIBUTION OF OPERATORS, ORIGINAL CALLS, AND AVERAGE CALLS PER 
OPERATOR, DURING EACH HOUR OF THE DAY— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Northwestern Tele- 
phone Exchange 
Co., St. Paul, Minn. 


Northwestern Tele- 
phone Exchange 
Co., Fargo, N. Dak. 


Northwestern Tele- p „:B„m„i m i,„„„„„j 
phone Exchange P ^i£ 5 J a e i e J ) ^° ne ?£ 
Co., Grand Forks, JSSSSm 9 " 
N. Dak. Angeles, Lai. 


Hour 
ending— 




Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 

calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


Num- 
ber of 
opera- 
tors. 


Origi- 
nal 
calls. 


Aver- 
age 
calls 
per 

opera- 
tor. 


I a. m 

2a. m 

3 a. m 

4 a. m 

5 a. m 

6 a. m 

7 a. m... ... 

8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

II a. m 

12 m 

1 p. m 

2 p. m 

3p. m 

4p. m 

5p. m 

6p. m 

7p. m 

8p. m 

9p. m 

lOp. m 

llp.m 

12p.m 


2* 

n 

H 

n 

H 
l| 

3 
16 
39 
47 
47 
44i 
39 
43 
43 
42| 
43 
42 
39 
38| 
34! 
22! 

9! 

4 


121 

90 

58 

65 

66 

73 

235 

1,942 

6,776 

7,710 

7,373 

7,320 

6,034 

5,875 

6,255 

4,665 

5,663 

4,542 

4,258 

4,460 

3,471 

2,036 

864 

365 


48.4 
60.0 
38.7 
43.3 
44.0 
48.7 
78.3 
121.4 
173.7 
164.0 
156.9 
164.5 
154.7 
136.6 
145.5 
109.8 
131.7 
108.1 
109.2 
115.8 
100.6 
90.5 
90.9 
91.3 


2 
2 

l! 

H 

2 

2 

2 

3 

6 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

7 

6 

5 

2| 

2 


93 

43 

33 

28 

63 

133 

140 

544 

1,244 

1,476 

1,537 

1,338 

1,087 

1,546 

1,404 

1,332 

1,447 

1,465 

1,404 

1,437 

876 

441 

272 

107 


46.5 

21.5 

22.0 

18.7 

31.5 

66.5 

70.0 

181.3 

207.3 

210.9 

219.6 

191.1 

155.3 

220.9 

200.6 

190.3 

206.7 

209.3 

200.6 

205.3 

146.0 

88.2 

108.8 

53.5 


4 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

5! 

5| 

6 

6 

6 

4 

3 

1 


158 

70 

60 

50 

73 

70 

87 

375 

973 

1,174 

929 

801 

652 

981 

1,182 

892 

987 

1,094 

967 

1,212 

762 

398 

201 

125 


158.0 

70.0 

60.0 

50.0 

73.0 

70.0 

87.0 

93.8 

162.2 

195.7 

154.8 

133.5 

108.7 

163.5 

197.0 

148.7 

179.5 

198.9 

161.2 

202.0 

127.0 

99.5 

67.0 

125.0 


11 
11 

11 
11 
11 
11 
15! 

41! 

85 

95 

96 

83 

85 

85 

78 

76 

84* 

93" 

87 

87 

63 

29! 

11 

11 


185 

130 

101 

70 

129 

306 

1,995 

6,902 

15, 439 

17, 796 

15, 809 

15,582 

13, 760 

13, 693 

13, 523 

12, 350 

15, 068 

15,199 

15, 696 

15, 187 

7,411 

2,324 

1,170 

501 


16.8 

11.8 

9.2 

6.4 

11.7 

27.8 

128.7 

166.3 

181.6 

187.3 

164.7 

187.7 

161.9 

161.1 

173.4 

162.5 

178.3 

163.4 

180.4 

174.6 

117.6 

78.8 

106.4 

45.5 


Total. 




80,317 


132.3 




19, 490 


170.2 




14, 273 


148.7 




200,326 


157.5 









Hour 
ending- 



1 a. m 

2 a. m 

3 a. m 

4 a. m 

5 a. m 

6 a. m 

7 a. m 

8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12 m 

I p. m 

2p.m 

3 p. m 

4 p. m 

5 p. m 

6 p. m 

7p.m 

8 p. m 

9 p. m 

10 p.m.... 

II p. m 

12 p.m.... 

Total. 



Pacific Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co., Portland, Oreg. 



Number 
of opera- 
tors. 



Original 

calls. 



264 

125 

113 

68 

100 

240 

1.100 

4,431 

11,693 

15, 554 

14, 974 

14, 075 

13, 061 

13, 182 

11,535 

11,029 

10, 886 

12, 643 

11,217 

13, 344 

6, 266 

1,805 

875 

436 



169,016 



Average 
calls per 
operator. 



18.9 

8.9 

8.1 

4.9 

7.1 

17.1 

71.0 

88.6 

155.9 

204.7 

193.2 

174.8 

159.3 

178.1 

163.6 

147.1 

140.5 

160.0 

152.6 

173.3 

98.7 

35.4 

44.9 

31.1 



139. 1 



Pacific Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co., San Francisco, Cal 



Number 
of opera- 
tors. 



13 

13 

13 

13 

13 

13 

13 

29 

82! 
137 
138 
128! 
107! 
122| 
114! 
114! 
112 

90| 

74 

75! 

61! 

32 

15 

13 



Original 
calls. 



443 

276 

167 

119 

159 

222 

730 

3,342 

13,325 

27,852 

26, 344 

23, 453 

18, 078 

21,601 

20,374 

18, 792 

19, 112 

14, 404 

10, 039 

14, 414 

8,594 

2,322 

1,206 

693 



246,061 



Average 
calls per 
operator. 



34.1 

21.2 

12.8 

9.2 

12.2 

17.1 

56.2 

115.2 

161.5 

203.3 

190.9 

182.5 

168.2 

176.3 

177.9 

164.1 

170.6 

159.2 

135.7 

190.9 

139. 7 

72.6 

80.4 

53.3 



159.9 



Pacific Telephone and Tele- 
graph Co., Seattle, Wash. 



Number 
of opera- 
tors. 



Original 
calls. 



177 

109 

94 

43 

63 

187 

829 

3,811 

11,209 

15,293 

14, 977 

15, 035 

11,530 

13, 288 

12, 107 

12, 453 

15,254 

12, 840 

10, 046 

9,502 

5,875 

2,070 

905 

343 



168, 040 



Average 
calls per 
operator. 



17.7 

10.9 

9.4 

4.3 

6.3 

18.7 

66.3 

107.4 

173.8 

172.8 

171.2 

183.4 

148.8 

167.1 

154.2 

158.6 

190.7 

158.5 

153.4 

155.8 

107.8 

78.1 

69.6 

34.3 



147.9 



150 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I.— EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED 
TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE 
COMPANIES— Concluded. 

E.— DISTRIBUTION OF OPERATORS, ORIGINAL CALLS, AND AVERAGE CALLS PER 
OPERATOR, DURING EACH HOUR OF THE DAY— Concluded. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 



Hour 


Southern Bell Telephone and 
Telegraph Co., Atlanta, Ga. 


Southern Bell Telephone and 
Telegraph Co., Birming- 
ham, Ala. 


Southwestern Telegraph and 
Telephone Co., Dallas, Tex. 


ending — 


Number 

of 
operators. 


Original 
calls. 


Average 
calls per 
operator. 


Number 

of 
operators. 


Original 
calls. 


Average 
calls per 
operator. 


Number 

of 
operators. 


Original 
calls. 


Average 
calls per 
operator. 


1 a. m 

2 a. m 

3 a. m 

4 a. m 

5 a. m 

6 a. m 

7 a. m 

8 a. m 

9 a. m 

10 a. m 

11 a. m 

12 m 

lp.m 

2 p. m 

3 p. m 

4 p. m 

5 p. m 

6 p. m 

7 p. m 

8 p. m 

9 p. m 

10 p. m 

11 p. m 

12 p. m 


4 

4 

4 

4 

4 

6 

15 

31 

45 

53 

50 

45 

44 

43 

46 

46 

44 

46 

38 

30 

24 

14 

8 

4 


116 

89 

48 

47 

244 

604 

1,020 

3,488 

7,430 

11, 549 

10, 081 

6,391 

7,340 

7,790 

7,055 

8,359 

8,260 

8,093 

8,364 

7,142 

3,210 

1,388 

201 

194 


29.0 

22.3 

12.0 

11.8 

61.0 

100. '/ 

68.0 

112.5 

165.1 

217.9 

201.6 

142.0 

166.8 

181.2 

153.4 

181.7 

187.7 

175.9 

220.1 

238.1 

133.8 

99.1 

25.1 

48.5 


3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

4 

6 

9 

19 

22 

22 

21 

22 

23 

23 

21 

21 

23 

21 

15 

14 

9 

4 

3 


63 

23 

44 

43 

59 

227 

371 

1,343 

3,868 

5,109 

3,969 

3,652 

3,616 

3,455 

3,606 

3,563 

3,509 

3,895 

3,219 

2,917 

2,314 

1,846 

1,206 

372 


21.0 

7.7 

14.7 

14.3 

19.7 

56.8 

61.8 

149.2 

203.6 

232.2 

180.4 

173.9 

164.4 

150.2 

156.8 

169.7 

167.1 

169.3 

153.3 

194.5 

165.3 

205.1 

301.5 

124.0 


11 
10 

9 

8 

8 
20J 
78 
69| 
88 
94 
93| 
95 
92| 
93 
91i 
90 
91 
90 
93 
88 
79 
41 1 
17" 
14 


139 
130 

118 

145 

136 

206 

957 

4,697 

7,411 

10, 655 

9,249 

9,662 

8,687 

8,415 

8,231 

8,647 

9,739 

9,105 

7,507 

7,447 

4,503 

1,821 

679 

451 


12.6 
13.0 
13.1 
18.1 
17.0 
10.0 
12.3 
67.6 
84.2 

113.4 
98.9 

101.7 
93.9 
90.5 
90.0 
96.1 

107.0 

101.2 
80.7 
84.6 
57.0 
43.9 
39.9 
32.2 


Total 




108, 503 


166.4 




52, 289 


164.9 




118, 737 


81.0 













152 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table II.— WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



Company and exchange. 


Floor on which 
located. 


Are 
ele- 
vators 
pro- 
vided 
for use 
of em- 
ploy- 
ees? 


Stair- 
ways. 


Are 
fire 
es- 
capes 
pro- 
vid- 
ed? 


Bell Telephone Co. of Missouri: 
St. Louis, Mo.: 

Bomont 


2d 


No.... 
No.... 
Yes... 
No.... 
Yes... 

Yes... 
No.... 
Yes... 
Yes... 

Yes... 

Yes... 
No. . . . 

No.... 
Yes... 
No.... 


1 
1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 


No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
No.. 
Yes. 

Yes. 
Yes. 
No.. 
Yes. 

Yes. 

( c ) 
Yes. 

Yes. 

No.. 
No.. 


Lindell 


3d 




6th 




3d 


Olive 


3d and 5th 

6th, 7th, and 8th. 

2d and 4th 

4th 


Bell Telephone Co. of Pennsylvania: 
Philadelphia, Pa.: 




Main 


Toll... 


6th, 7th, and 8th. 
7th 


Central District and Printing Telegraph Co.: 
Pittsburg, Pa.: 

Toll 


Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co.: 
Baltimore, Md.: 

St. Paul 


9th 


Tuxedo 


3d 


Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Co.: 
A Washington, D. C: 

Columbia 


2d 


Main 


6th 


North 


4th 


Chicago Telephone Co.: 
Chicago, 111.: 

Calumet 


1st 


Central 


2d and 3d 

7th 


Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 

No.... 
Yes... 
No.... 

No.... 
No.... 


1 
1 
2 
2 

1 

1 
1 

1 

1 


Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 

Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 

No.. 
Yes. 


Harrison 


Main 


8th 


Toll 


7th 


Cincinnati and Suburban Bell Telephone Co.: 
Cincinnati, Ohio: 

Canal 


3d 


Main 


7th 


West 


3d 


Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Co.: 
Louisville, Ky.: 

East 


2d 


Main 


2d 


South 


1st 


Nashville, Tenn.: 

Hemlock 


2d 


No.... 
No.... 
No.... 

No.... 
No.... 
No.... 

No.... 

No.... 
No.... 
Yes... 


1 
1 
1 

i\ 
H 

1 

1 

1 
2 
1 


No.. 
Yes. 
No.. 

No*. 
No*. 
Yes. 
Yes* 

No.. 
Yes. 
Yes. 


Main 


3d 


Walnut 


2d 


New Orleans, La. : 

Hemlock 


2d 


Jackson 


2d 


Main 


4th 


Toll 


3d 


Missouri and Kansas Telephone Co.: 
Kansas City, Mo. : 

Argentine 


2d 


Grand 


2d 


Main and Toll 


4th and 5th 

1st 


New England Telephone and Telegraph Co.: 
Boston, Mass. : 

Arlington 


Back Bay 


3d and 4th...... 

2d 


No.... 
No.... 


2 
2 


Yes« 
Yes»* 


Brookline 


Cambridge 


1st 


Main 


9th 


Yes... 
No.... 
Yes... 


4 
1 
4 


Yesp 
Yes. 
Yesp 


Oxford 


3d 


Toll 


8th 


Tremont 


1st 



a Used as rest room also. 

ft Lunch room used as rest room. 

c Not reported. 

d Electric lights needed on board in parts of room. 

« If necessary may use toilet on floor below, which contains 12 

/ When necessary toilet in other building may be used. 

g Rest room used as lunch room. 

h Used as lunch room also. 



CHAPTER ITT. GENERAL TABLES. 



153 



COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY SPECIAL AGENTS. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



is llelit suffi- 
cient— 




Does company provide— 


Toilet facilities for women. 


la 

there 














Is air 




















of work 






sulli- 










Is there 






room 


Bv 


By 


cient 

venti- 


Lunch 


Rest 


Wash 


Num- 
ber of 


reason- 
able pri- 


Sanitary 
condi- 
tion 


Num- 
ber 


affected 
bv toi- 


day? 


night? 


lation? 


room? 


room? 


room? 


wo- 


vacy of 


of 


lets? 














men. 


ap- 




seats. 


















proach? 








Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


50 


Yes 


Good.... 


3 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


30 


Yes 


Good.... 


5 


No. 


No.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


150 


Yes 


Good.... 


8 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes. .. 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


25 


Yes 


Good.... 


4 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes . . . 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


150 


Yes 


Good.... 


8 


No. 


No 


No.... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


50 


Yes 


Good.... 


9 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


69 


Yes 


Good.... 


14 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes (a).. 


(ft) 


Yes 


35 


Yes 


Good.... 


9 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


50 


Yes 


Good.... 


9 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


160 


Yes 


Good.... 


17 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


100 


Yes 


Good.... 


12 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


20 


Yes 


Good.... 


3 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


16 


Yes 


Good.... 


9 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


80 


Yes 


Good.... 


8 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


75 


Yes 


Good.... 


9 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


70 


Yes 


Good.... 


5 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


No.... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


225 


Yes 


Good.... 


13 


No. 


No(d). 


Yes... 


No . . . . 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


145 


Yes 


Good.... 


6 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


200 


Yes 


Good.... 


«7 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


150 


Yes 


Good.... 


/12 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


50 


Yes 


Good.... 


12 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


No.... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


58 


Yes 


Fair 


7 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


40 


Yes 


Good.... 


12 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


15 


Yes 


Good.... 


3 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


60 


Yes 


Fair 


6 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


28 


Yes 


Fair 


1 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


<w 


Yes (»).. 


Yes 


17 


Yes 


Good.... 


2 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


No 


Yes 


53 


Yes 


Bad 


4 


( c ) 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


<W 


Yes (A).. 


Yes 


19 


Yes 


Fair 


2 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


25 


Yes 


Bad 


3 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


00 


Yes (ft).. 


Yes 


12 


Yes 


Good.... 


2 


No. 


Yes.... 


No.... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes (».. 


(*) 


70 


Yes 


Fair 


4 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes(>).. 


(*) 


70 


Yes 


Good.... 


4 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


No 


Yes 


Yes 


5 


Yes 


Good.... 


1 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


22 


Yes 


Good.... 


4 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


No(m) 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


43 


Yes 


Good.... 


8 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


8 


Yes 


Good.... 


2 


No. 


Yeso . . 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


80 


Yes 


Good.... 


4 


No. 


! Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


22 


Yes 


Good.... 


3 


No. 


[ Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


No 


50 


Yes 


Good.... 


2 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


120 


Yes 


Good.... 


*4 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


105 


Yes 


Good.... 


6 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


250 


Yes 


Good.... 


12 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


55 


Yes 


Good.... 


3 


No. 



*'The stairway is on outside of building. 
;' Used as wash room also. 
* Rest room used as wash room. 
l Only a ladder. 

m Good in room of "B "-board operators. 
>* Fireproof iron stairway inside rear of building. 
o Not sufficient in cloudy weather. 
v Two iron stairways within building and employ* 
roof to other buildings. 



can escape from 6th floor to other buildings or from 



154 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table II.— WORKING CONDITIONS IN SPECIFIED TELEPHONE 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 



Company and exchange. 


Floor on which 
located. 


Are 

ele- 
vators 
pro- 
vided 
for use 
of em- 
ploy- 
ees? 


Stair- 
ways. 


Are 
fire 

es- 
capes 
pro- 
vid- 
ed? 


New York Telephone Co.: 
New York, N.Y.: 


9th 


Yes... 
Yes... 
No.... 
No.... 
No.... 
Yes... 

No 

No.... 
Yes... 
Yes... 

Yes... 

Yes... 


3 
3 
1 
1 
2 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 
2 


No.. 
No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
No.. 
Yes. 

No.. 
No.. 
Yes. 
Yes. 

Yes. 

Yes. 


Courtland Toll 


8th 




4th 




4th 




3d... 




4th... 


Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co.: 
Atlanta, Ga. : 


2J 




2d 




3d 


Toll 


3d . . . 


Birmingham, Ala. : 


2d 


Richmond, Va.: 


3d 


Southwestern Telegraph and Telephone Co.: 
Dallas, Tex.: 

Cliff 


1st 


Haskell... 


2d 


No.... 


2 
1 


No.. 
Yes. 




2d 







INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



Kansas City Home Telephone Co 
Kansas' City, Mo.: 

Main 

Toll 

Kevstone Telephone Co.: 
'Philadelphia, Pa.: 

Long distance 

Main 

West 

Louisville Home Telephone Co.: 
Louisville, Ky.: 

Main 

Maryland Telephone Co.: 
Baltimore, Mel.: 

Courtland 

Druid Hill 



2d and 4th. 

5th , 

2d , 



3d. 



7th. 
1st. 



No.... 

No.... 


2 
2 


No.. 
No.. 


Yes... 
Yes... 
No.... 


i 
1 

1 


Yes. 
Yes. 
No.. 


No.... 


1 


Yes. 


Yes... 


1 


Yes. 









AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



American Telephone and Telegraph Co.: 

Chicago, 111 

Cincinnati, Ohio 

New York, N. Y , 

Philadelphia, Pa 

Pittsburg, Pa 

St. Louis, Mo 



1st. 
4th. 
7th. 
7th. 
8th. 
1st. 



Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 



Yes. 
Yes. 
Yes. 
No.. 
Yes. 



a Except in one part of room. 

b If necessary toilet in floor below may be used. 

c Used as rest room also. 

d Lunch room used as rest room. 

e Operators go nome to meals. 

/ Small room used as cloak room and toilet room. 

gBut no sewer in building. 



CHAPTER TTI. GENERAL TABLES. 



155 



COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY SPECIAL AGENTS— Concluded. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 



Is light suffi- 
cient — 


Is 
there 
suffi- 
cient 
venti- 
lation? 


Does company provide— 


Toilet facilities for women. 


Is air 


By 
day? 


By 

night? 


Lunch 
room ? 


Rest 
room? 


Wash 
room? 


Num- 
ber of 
wo- 
men. 


Is there 
reason- 
able pri- 
vacy of 

ap- 
proach? 


Sanitary 
condi- 
tion. 


Num- 
ber 
of 
seats. 


of work 

room 
affected 
by toi- 
lets? 


Yes (a) 

No.... 
Yes.... 

Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 

Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 

Yes.... 

Yes.... 

Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 


Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 

Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 

Yes... 

Yes... 

Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 


Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 

Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 

Yes... 

Yes... 

Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 


Yes 

Yes 

Yes(c).. 
Yes(c).. 

Yes 

Yes 

No(«)... 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 


Yes 

Yes 

(d) 

(d) 

Yes 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 


Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes(/).. 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 


150 
80 
12 
35 
98 

100 

3 
30 
75 
75 

35 

65 

12 
60 
75 


Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 

Yes 


Good.... 
Good.... 
Good.... 
Good.... 
Good.... 
Good.... 

Good(ff). 

Good 

Good.... 
Good.... 

Good.... 

Good.... 

Good.... 
Good.... 
Good.... 


610 
&10 

1 

2 

7 
14 

M 

5 

7 

7 

5 

no 

i 

7 
5 


No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 

No. 
No. 

No. 
No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 
No. 
No. 



INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



Yes.... 

Yes.... 


Yes... 
Yes... 


Yes... 
Yes... 


Yes 

Yes 


Yes 

Yes 


Yes 

Yes 


108 
20 


Yes 

Yes 


Good.... 
Good.... 


5 
3 


No. 
No. 


Yes.... 
Yes.... 
Yes.... 


Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 


Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 


Yes 

Yes 

Yes 


No 

Yes 

No 


Yes 

Yes 

Yes 


18 
60 
17 


Yes 

Yes 

Yes 


Good.... 
Good.... 
Good.... 


3 

8 
4 


No. 
No. 
No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


65 


Yes 


Good.... 


5 


No. 


Yes.... 
Yes.... 


Yes... 
Yes... 


Yes... 
Yes... 


Yes 

Yes(c).. 


Yes 

(d) 


Yes 

No 


60 
9 


Yes 

Yes 


Good.... 
Good.... 


3 

1 


No. 
No. 



AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



Yes.... 


Yes... 


No.... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


75 


Yes 


Fair 


4 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


(*) 


Yes (0-- 


Yes 


40 


Yes 


Fair 


2 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes . . . 


Yes 


Yes..... 


Yes 


100 


Yes 


Good.... 


7B10 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


95 


Yes 


Good.... 


14 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


160 


Yes 


Good.... 


17 


No. 


Yes.... 


Yes... 


Yes... 


Yes 


Yes 


Yes 


50 


Yes 


Good.... 


3 


No. 



h Use commode in toilet room. 

* If necessary may use toilet room provided for office force. 
;' Are requested to walk when going downstairs. 
k Hest room used as lunch room. 
l Used as lunch room also. 
m if necessary may use toilets on other floors. 



156 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table III.— SUMMARY OF EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS 

A.— OCCUPATION, SEX, LENGTH OF EMPLOYMENT IN TELEPHONE SERVICE, AND 
AGE OF EMPLOYEES AT ENTERING SERVICE. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 





Sex. 


Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Number of employees whose years of employment 
in telephone service were— 


Occupation (all cities). 


Un- 
der 1. 


1 

and 

under 

2. 


2 

and 

under 

3. 


3 

and 

under 

4. 


4 

and 

under 

5. 


5 

and 
under 

7. 


7 

and 

under 

10. 


10 
and 
over. 




F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 

M. 

F. 


9 
2 




1 


..... 


5 


1 


1 


..... 


1 


















11 




1 


1 


5 


1 


1 


1 


1 






1 

3 
1 
















1 




1 


"T 


1 




1 






























4 


1 


1 


1 




1 










F. 
F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 
F. 
F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 
F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 
F. 
F. 










2 

1 
1 








1 




1 












1 
1 








































4 






2 


1 




1 
















Operators, day 


a 97 
6 81 
c27 
<*62 


10 

38 

7 
8 


26 
16 

7 
26 


20 

12 
6 
16 


15 

5 
2 
5 


8 
3 
3 
4 


13 
3 
2 
3 


4 
4 


1 




















267 


63 


75 


54 


27 


18 


21 


8 


1 






4 
1 

7 














1 


3 










1 
1 












1 


1 


2 


2 












12 






1 


2 


1 


2 


3 


3 










3 

4 

1 














2 


1 
1 






1 


2 
















1 


















5 




1 


2 








1 


1 












1 

23 

eg 

o 

5 












1 

6 

1 






Supervisors, day 





1 


2 
1 


...... 


7 
3 


3 
2 
1 
1 


4 
1 


Supervisors, evening 


Supervisors, night 






Supervisors, split-trick 


1 








3 












Total supervisors 


«38 


1 


1 


3 


1 


10 


10 


7 


5 




Supervisors, chief, day 


1 
1 
1 
















1 


Ticket checkers, chief, day 

Timekeepers, day 














1 












1 




















3 
/346 


1 

64 


"'79' 


1 
63 


"*36~ 


1 
30 








All occupations, females 




37 


23 


14 






Total, all employees 


/349 


65 


79 


64 


36 


31 


37 


23 


14 







a Including 2 who work day and split trick alternate weeks; also 1 who works day or evening trick, 
as required, and 1 whose age at entering service not reported. 
b Including 1 who works evening part of week and night part of week. 
cNot including 1 who v/orks night trick part of week and evening trick part of week. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



157 



IN TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES. 

A.— OCCUPATION, SEX, LENGTH OF EMPLOYMENT IN TELEPHONE SERVICE, AND 
AGE OF EMPLOYEES AT ENTERING SERVICE. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



Number of employees whose age at entering telephone service was — 


11 

years 

and 

under. 


12 
years. 


13 
years. 


14 
years. 


15 
years. 


16 
years. 


17 
years. 


18 
years. 


19 
years. 


20 
years. 


21 years 
and over. 








1 


1 


2 


1 




1 


1 


2 








1 


1 
























1 


1 I 2 


1 


1 i 1 


1 


3 






















I 




1 


2 


1 
1 








1 














l 
















1 " 






2 


2 










1 




































1 


1 
















1 

1 


































i 










1 




2 




» 


1 



















1 


4 


8 
3 


16 

7 
1 
7 


19 

23 

6 

16 


19 
10 

8 

18 


16 1 4 

18 7 

3 1 5 

5 [ 3 


3 
9 
2 


6 




4 








2 


1 






3 


3 | 6 










1 


1 


4 


14 


31 


64 


55 


42 


19 


17 


18 










1 


2 




1 
1 
2 




































1 


2 




2 


























1 


2 


1 


4 


2 




2 


























1 


1 




1 












2 






2 



















1 

































2 






1 




2 






























1 















2 


3 


5 

1 
1 
1 


3 
2 
1 


4 
1 


2 

2 


3 


1 








1 






















1 




3 






























3 


3 


8 


6 8 


4 


3 1 2 




















1 






















1 
















1 


























2 
1 


1 
2 


















4 


18 


36 


80 


66 | 56 


30 


22 


29 


3 


3 


4 


18 


36 


80 


66 56 


30 


22 29 



d Not including 2 who work split and day tricks on alternate weeks. 
< Including 1 whose age at entering service was not reported. 
/ Including 2 whose age at entering service was not reported. 



158 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table I 

A 



-SUMMARY OF EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS 



OCCUPATION, SEX, LENGTH OF EMPLOYMENT IN TELEPHONE SERVICE, AND 
AGE OF EMPLOYEES AT ENTERING SERVICE— Concluded. 



INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 





Sex. 


Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Number of employees whose years of employment 
in telephone service were— 


Occupation (all cities). 


Un- 
der 1. 


1 
and 
under 

2. 


2 

and 

under 

3. 


3 

and 

under 

4. 


4 

and 

under 

5. 


5 
and 
under 

7. 


7 

and 

under 

10. 


10 
and 
over. 




F. 
F. 
F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 


12 

8 
7 
9 


1 
4 
4 
6 


3 
1 

2 
2 


2 
1 


2 
2 


4 


















1 














1 




















35 


15 


8 


3 


4 


5 


1 








1 






Operators, chief assistant, night 


1 






1 












Supervisors, day 


1 
1 










1 






Supervisors, evening /. 






1 
























Total supervisors 


2 






1 






1 






















39 


15 Si .*> 


4 


5 


2 



















AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



Clerks, day 


F. 

F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 
F. 

F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 
F. 
F. 


2 

11 
9 
2 
6 








1 
3 










Operators, dav 


2 
....... 


1 
3' 

1 
1 


4 
1 

1 
1 


2 


1 

1 








1 












1 
















Total operators 


28 


5 


6 


7 


4 


2 


3 


1 






Operators, chief, day 


1 
1 

1 
1 
















1 










1 








Service inspectors, dav 














1 


Service inspectors, evening 










1 
























Total service inspectors 


2 










1 




1 










i 


Stenographers, day 


1 

2 
1 






1 




j 




Supervisors, dav 










1 1 




Supervisors, evening 












1 






















Total supervisors 


3 












2 1 
















Ticket examiners, dav - - - 


1 








1 


.. i ! 












1 ; 




Total, all employees 


39 5 


6 


8 


8 


3 


5 


2 


2 









CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



159 



IN TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES— Continued. 

A.— OCCUPATION, SEX, LENGTH OF EMPLOYMENT IN TELEPHONE SERVICE, AND 
AGE OF EMPLOYEES AT ENTERING SERVICE— Concluded. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



Number of employees whose age at entering telephone service was — 


11 

years 

and 

under. 


12 
years. 


13 

years. 


14 
years. 


15 
years. 


16 
years. 


17 
years. 


18 
years. 


19 
years. 


20 
years. 


21 years 
and over. 








1 
1 

1 


1 
3 
1 


1 
3 
3 
5 


1 


1 






1 








1 


2 






















3 
























| 


3 


12 


12 


4 


1 


1 


2 


1 


















1 










1 


1 




























1 






























1 










1 






























4 


12 


12 


4 


2 


2 


2 


1 











AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 









1 






1 

2 
2 
1 
1 




1 










1 


2 
1 


4 
1 






2 










1 


2 
1 
1 


2 


























1 


1 


2 
























1 


3 


6 


6 


2 


4 


6 
























1 
1 








































1 




















1 








































1 


1 








































1 












1 




1 


| 














1 


































1 


1 


1 



















1 














1 




























1 


1 




9 


10 


3 


4 


7 



160 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table III.— SUMMARY OF EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS 

B.— LUNCH TIME, RELIEF, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WORKING OVERTIME. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Number of employees whose time for lunch is — 


Occupation. 


None. 


15 
min- 
ute's 
and 
less. 


20 
min- 
utes. 


25 
min- 
utes. 


30 
min- 
utes. 


35 
min- 
utes. 


40 
min- 
utes. 


45 
min- 
utes. 


60 
min- 
utes 
and 
over. 




9 
2 


















9 




2 




































11 


2 
















9 












I 






1 

3 
1 


1 


























1 








2 
1 




































Total messengers 


4 










1 








3 




















2 
1 
1 


















2 

1 






















1 


































Total monitors 


4 


1 
















3 






















a 97 

c81 

27 

62 










17 

9 
/16 






4 
1 


76 

27 

Ql 

2 


Operators, evening 


23 

2 

59 


21 

1 
1 












1 








Operators, split trick 






















Total operators 


267 


84 


23 


1 




/42 






5 


112 








Operators, chief, day 


4 
1 

7 










1 








3 




i 

1 
















Operators, chief, night 








3 








*3 
















Total operators 


12 


2 








4 








16 
















Operators, chief assistant, day 


3 

4 
1 










1 








2 
4 


Recorders, day 
















Recorders, night 










1 


























Total recorders 


5 










1 








4 




















1 

23 
8 
2 
5 










1 
7 










Supervisors, day 
















16 


Supervisors, evening 


4 


4 












Supervisors, night 






2 










Supervisors, split trick 


5 


































Total supervisors 


38 


9 


4 






9 








16 














Supervisors, chief, day 


1 
1 
1 


















1 
1 
1 


Ticket checkers, chief, day 


















Timekeepers, day 




































All occupations, males 


3 
346 










1 

o58 








2 
P156 




99 


27 


1 








5 








Total, all employees 


349 


99 


27 


1 




o59 






5 


P158 









a Including 1 who works day or evening as required, and 2 who work day and split trick alternate weeks. 

b Not including 1 who is indifferent and 2 not reported. 

c Including 1 who works evening part of week and night part of week. 

d Not including 1 not reported. 

« Not including 1 not reported and 3 who are indifferent. 

/ Including 1 who is allowed no time for lunch on Saturdays. 

o Including 2 who are allowed 2 hours, 1 who is allowed 3 hours, and 1 who is allowed 4 hours for lunch 
and relief combined. 

fc Including 2 who are allowed 2 hours, 1 allowed 3 hours, and 1 allowed 4 hours for lunch and relief com- 
bined, and also 1 who is allowed 2J hours for relief alone, except on Saturdays, when it is curtailed to 10 
minutes. 



CHAPTEK III. GENERAL TABLES. 



161 



IN TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES— Continued. 

B.— LUNCH TIME, RELIEF, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WORKING OVERTIME. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



Number of employees— 


Whose time for relief is— 


Whose 
lunch 
period 
is cur- 
tailed. 


Whose 
relief 
period 
is cur- 
tailed. 


Who 
ever 

work 
over- 
time. 




None. 


15 

min- 20 
utes min- 
and ! utes. 
less. 


25 
min- 
utes. 


30 
min- 
utes. 


35 
min- 
utes. 


40 
min- 
utes. 


45 
min- 
utes. 


60 
min- 
utes 

and 
over. 


At 
will. 


On re- 
quest. 


Who 

desire 
over- 
time. 


1 


1 
1 






5 




1 






1 


...... 


3 


2 2 


1 










1 
























1 


2 






5 




1 






1 


1 


3 


2 | 2 


2 












1 
1 






















1 








2 
1 


















1 
1 


1 


! 














































1 


1 




3 


















2 


1 
































1 












1 
1 


1 
1 






























1 


















































1 


i 




1 












2 


2 




























8 

27 

""23* 


14 
25 
2 
13 


4 
1 
1 
8 


3 

2 

...... 


46 
11 
3 
10 












22 

15 


12 
1 


25 

15 
d8 
18 


48 

38 

7 

31 


&13 












«17 








h 21 




d\ 










6 


ill 














58 


54 14 


7 


70 








h 21 




43 


dl8 


<*66 


124 


J42 










3 


1 




1 














1 




2 


(*) 


1 












1 






1 




3 








H 






1 


2 


(*) 





















3 






4 








H 


1 




1 


1 


4 


(m) 










1 

1 








2 
3 


















1 

2 


» 

1 






















2 
1 














1 






1 




























1 






3 








1 






1 


3 


2 


1 






















i 




1 
14 






















2 
4 


""2 


2 

1 








1 


1 




3 

1 


3 


2 


11 


2 


















2 




1 


1 
1 


1 
3 


1 


2 


2 
















1 






















8 


4 


3 




14 






1 


3 




5 


4 


4 


15 


3 


















1 


















1 




1 

1 

1 
76 


















































1 




























2 
102 


















1 
151 


1 


60 


17 


7 




1 


1 


?29 


2 


51 


<*29 


<*76 


M8 


77 


60 


17 


7 


104 




1 


1 


<7 29 


2 


51 


<*29 


d76 


152 


M9 



i Not including 1 who is indifferent. 

;' Not including 5 who are indifferent and 4 not reported. 

* One not reported. 

1 Including 1 who is allowed 2 hours for lunch and relief combined. 
™Two not reported. 

« One is indifferent. 

Including 1 allowed no time for lunch on Sundays. 

P Including 3 allowed 2 hours, 1 allowed 3 hours, and 1 allowed 4 hours for lunch and relief combined. 

2 Not including 6 who are indifferent and 6 not reported. 

r Including 3 allowed 2 hours, 1 allowed 3 hours, and 1 allowed 4 hours for lunch and relief combined, 
and also 1 allowed 2\ hours for relief alone, except on Saturdays, when it is curtailed to 10 minutes. 

29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 11 



162 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table III.— SUMMARY OF EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS 

B.— LUNCH TIME, RELIEF, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WORKING OVERTIME— 

Concluded. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Number of employees whose time for lunch is — 


Occupation. 


None. 


15 
min- 
utes 
and 
less. 


20 
min- 
utes. 


25 
min- 
utes. 


30 
min- 
utes. 


35 
min- 
utes. 


40 

min- 
utes. 


45 

min- 
utes. 


60 
min- 
utes 
and 
over. 




12 

8 
7 
9 
















8 
1 


4 

2 

aQ 




1 






4 
1 




















9 
































Total operators 


36 


10 








5 






9 


a 12 














Operators, chief assistant, night 


1 

1 
1 


















1 

1 
1 


Supervisors, day 


















Supervisors, evening 






































2 


















2 




















Total, all employees 


39 


10 








5 






9 


a 15 















AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



Clerks, day 


2 

11 
9 
2 
6 


















2 

5 
2 


Operators, day 










5 
3 

2 




1 




Operators, evening 


4 








Operators, night 














Operators, split trick 


6 


































Total operators 


28 


10 








10 




1 




7 










Operators, chief, day 


1 

1 

1 
1 


















1 


Recorders, split trick 


1 
























1 










Service inspectors , evening 






1 






























Total service inspectors 


2 






1 




1 
























Stenographers, day 


1 

2 

1 


















1 
2 


Supervisors, day 


















Supervisors, evening 


1 




































3 


1 
















2 


















Ticket examiners, day 


1 


















1 






















39 


12 




1 




11 




1 




14 





a Including 1 who is allowed one hour for lunch and relief combined. 



CHAPTER TTI. GENERAL TABLES. 



163 



IN TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES— Continued. 

B.— LUNCH TIME, RELIEF, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WORKING OVERTIME— 

Concluded. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



Number of 


employees — 






Whose time for relief is— 


Whose 
lunch 
period 
is cur- 
tailed. 


Whose 
relief 
period 
is cur- 
tailed. 


Who 
ever 
work 
over- 
time. 




None. 


15 
min- 
utes 
and 
less. 


20 
min- 
utes. 


25 30 
min- min- 
utes, utes. 


35 
min- 
utes. 


40 | 45 
min- min- 
utes, utes. 

1 


60 
min- 
utes 
and 
over. 


At 
will. 


On re- 
quest. 


Who 

desire 
over- 
time. 


2 


9 
2 
4 
4 




2 




| | 




1 
1 
1 


6 


8 
5 
1 
3 


7 
5 

1 

7 




4 










1 


1 








«1 


2 


2 


1 




5 














3 


19 


6| ! 3 ! ! 


a\ 


1) 3 


6 


17 


20 


8 








1 




1 1 




















1 


1 






1 


1 




1 




1 


i 




l 






















1 




i i i i 


1 








1 


1 














3 


20 


6 


! 4 




o2 


1 


3 


6 


17 


21 


9 


i 1 





AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



1 

4 
6 
2 
6 








1 

7 
2 














l 

&3 


4 
1 


1 

4 
1 
1 
2 








































l 


1 












































cl 


























18 








9 








! . 


l 


&3 


5 


8 


c2 


















1 i 

| 


> 














1 


























I 








1 


1 








1 














































































1 








I 






















































l 




















1 
1 
















































































2 








1 












































1 










































23 


! 




14 


-- i - 




1 


l 


64 


5 


10 


c3 


1 




1 1 







b Including 1 who is allowed time off at close of day when lunch time is curtailed. 
cNot including 1 who is indifferent. 



164 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Table III.— SUMMARY OF EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS 

C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, 
HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT 
HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 





Total 
em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose maximum length of overtime day 
(in hours) is— 


Occupation. 


Under 

7. 


7 and 
under 8. 


8 and 
under 9. 


9 and 

under 

10. 


10 and 

under 

11. 


Hand 

under 

12. 


12 and 

under 

15. 


15 and 
over. 




9 

2 












1 


1 




Clerks, evening 






























Total clerks 


11 












1 


1 


















1 

3 

1 






























1 














1 
























Total messengers 


4 








1 




1 
















Monitors, day 


2 
1 

1 








































































Total monitors 


4 






































a 97 
81 

27 
62 








4 
5 

o2 


12 

8 

ol 

olO 


14 
1 
(«) 

°7 


16 

18 
ol 
°8 


2 




3 
(«) 
(») 


2 

(») 
(n) 


1 
°2 
o4 


Operators, night 


Operators, split trick 


Total operators 


267 


<3 


<2 


tl 


tl2 


*31 


<22 


*43 


<2 


Operators, chief, day 


4 

1 
7 














2 




Operators, chief, evening 

Operators, chief, night 


















1 








1 














Total operators, chief. . 


12 






1 








3 














Operators, chief, assistant, 
day 


3 

4 

1 














1 

2 




Recorders, dav 














































Total recorders 


5 














2 


















Service observers, day 

Supervisors, day 


1 

23 
8 
2 
5 






















1 


1 


3 


3 


3 




Supervisors, evening 


















1 




Supervisors, split-trick 










1 


2 














Total supervisors 


38 






1 


1 


4 


5 


4 










1- 





a Including 2 who work day and split trick alternate weeks and 1 who works day or evening as required. 
6 Not including 1 not reported. 

c Including 1 who lives with aunt and pays no board and 1 who does light housekeeping with another 
girl. 
d Including 2 who board at home. 

e Including 1 who walks part of way only, but not including 2 not reported. 
/Including 3 who ride one way only, but not including 2 not reported. 
g Including 1 who works evening part of week and night part of week. 
h Not including 2 not reported. 
i Not including 3 not reported. 

/Including 1 who does light housekeeping with another girl, but not including 1 not reported. 
* Including 1 who boards at home, but not including 1 not reported. 
i Including 1 who walks 3 trips and rides 1, but not including 1 not reported. 
m Including 5 who ride one way only, but not including 1 not reported. 
n One works overtime, hours not reported. 
o Not including 1 who works overtime, hours not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



165 



IN TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES— Continued. 

C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, 
HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT 
HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



Number of employees — 


Who have ever 

been given any 

choice— 


Who report 
health affected— 


Having operating set — 


Living 
at home. 


Board- 
ing. 


Walking 
to and 
from 
home. 


Riding 
to and 
from 
home. 


In ex- 
change 
to which 
sent. 


Of 

shift. 


Injuri- 
ously. 


Benefi- 
cially. 


For 
indi- 
vidual 
use. 


Disin- 
fected 
regu- 
larly. 


Disin- 
fected 
at 
pleasure. 


3 
1 


2 
1 


3 


1 


5 
1 


2 

1 


4 

1 


8 
2 


1 


5 


4 
2 












4 


3 


3 


1 


6 


3 


5 


10 


1 


5 


6 
















1 

2 
1 






1 
















1 




3 










. . 1 








1 


































3 


1 




4 










- 








1 


1 




2 

1 
1 




2 


1 
1 
1 


1 


1 
1 
1 


1 












































1 


1 




4 




2 


3 


1 


3 


1 










11 

6 15 

1 

13 


21 
16 
13 
3 


26 

6 15 

10 

18 




95 

6 78 

25 

60 


• 6 42 
h 23 

7 
9 


6 46 

*48 

12 

27 


c89 

;71 

P25 

54 


dg 

*9 

2 

r8 


e41 

Z28 
11 

6 34 


/54 


1 

1 


w»52 
ffl6 

*27 






6 40 


53 


6 69 


2 


6 258 


*81 


«133 


"239 


w 27 


a: 114 


J/149 


2 
1 
3 


2 
1 
2 






3 

1 

7 


1 

1 
2 


2 


3 
1 
6 


1 


1 
1 

2 


3 








1 




4 


r\ 


5 






6 


5 


1 




11 


4 


6 


10 


Tl 


4 


8 






1 
1 


2 

1 
1 






3 

4 

1 


2 
3 


1 

2 
1 


3 
2 




1 
2 


2 






2 

1 


2 






2 1 
















1 


2 






5 


3 


3 


2 


3 


2 


z3 
















1 

21 
8 
2 
4 








1 

4 
2 
1 




1 


4 
3 


9 
6 
1 


4 
1 
1 
3 




7 
4 


16 

7 
1 
2 


19 
6 
1 
5 


6 

1 


?17 




7 




22 


1 




1 


5 












8 


16 


9 




35 


12 


26 


31 


7 


12 


aa 26 










v Including 1 who does light housekeeping with another girl. 

q Including 2 who ride one way only. 

r Including 1 who boards at home. 

s Including 4 who ride one way only, but not including 1 not reported. 

t Not including 2 who work overtime, hours not reported. 

« Not including 4 not reported. 

p Including 1 who lives with aunt and pays no board and 3 who do light housekeeping, but not including 
1 not reported. 

» Including 4 who board at home, but not including 1 not reported. 

a; Including 1 who walks part of way only and 1 who walks 3 trips and rides 1, but not including 4 not 
reported. 

y Including 14 who ride one way only, but not including 4 not reported. 

z Including 1 who rides one way only. 

aa Including 3 who ride one way only. 



166 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table III.— SUMMARY OF EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS 

C. -LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, 
HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT 
HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 





Total 

em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose maximum length of overtime day 
(in hours) is — 


Occupation. 


Under 

7. 


7 and 
under 8. 


8 and 
under 9. 


9 and 

under 

10. 


10 and 

under 

11. 


11 and 

under 

12. 


12 and 

under 

15. 


15 and 
over. 


Supervisors, chief, day 


1 

1 
1 








1 










Ticket checkers, chief, day. . 




























1 






















All occupations, males 


3 
346 












1 
6 29 






All occupations, females 


63 


62 


69 


6 15 


6 35 


6 54 


62 


Total, all employees... 


349 


63 


62 


69 


6 15 


6 35 


6 30 


6 54 


62 



INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



Operators, day 


12 
8 
7 
9 










3 
1 


4 






perators, evening 






4 
2 


3 






Operators, night 


(«) 


(™) 


(m) 


1 


1 


Operators, split trick 












Total operators 


36 


(») 


(m) 


°6 


o3 


»4 


o4 


ol 


o 1 


Operators, chief, assistant, 
night 


1 

1 
1 


















Supervisors, dav 














1 




Supervisors, evening 






























Total supervisors 


2 














1 


















Total, all employees. . . 


39 


(») 


(») 


06 


o3 


o4 


o4 


o2 


ol 



a With married sister. 

6 Not including 2 who work overtime, hours not reported. 

c Not including 1 not reported 

d Not including 3 not reported. 

eNot including 4 not reported. 

/ Including 1 who lives with aunt and pays no board and 3 who do light housekeeping, but not including 
1 not reported. 

g Including 8 who board at home, but not including 1 not reported. 

h Including 1 who walks part of way only and 1 who walks 3 crips and rides 1, but not including 4 not 
reported. 

* Including 18 who ride one way only, but not including 4 not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



167 



IN TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES— Continued. 

C.-LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, 
HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT 
HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK-Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 



Number of employees. 


Who have ever 

been given any 

choice. 


Who report 
health affected. 


Having operating set. 


Living 
at home. 


Board- 
ing. 


Walking 
to and 
from 
home. 


Riding 
to and 
from 
home. 


In ex- 
change 
to which 
sent. 


Of 
shift. 


Injuri- 
ously. 


Benefi- 
cially. 


For 
indi- 
vidual 
use. 


Disin- 
fected 
regu- 
larly. 


Disin- 
fected 
at 
pleasure. 










1 




1 


1 
1 




1 
















1 




1 












1 




1 
































2 
/302 


43 




3 


c60 


83 


c83 


3 


c324 


<*105 


em 


A 142 


*200 


c60 


83 


c83 


3 


c324 


d!05 


em 


/304 


M4 


h 142 


*203 



INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



4 
3 


4 
2 
3 
2 


2 
2 
4 
2 




12 
8 
5 

7 


9 

6 

c4 

5 




12 
8 
6 
9 




9 

c2 

4 

4 


*3 








I 5 




1 
3 


1 


*3 


3 




«5 








10 


11 


10 




32 


c24 


* 


35 


1 


cl9 


P 16 








. 1 


1 




1 

1 

1 


1 
1 




1 

1 
1 




1 

(?) 












(?) 

1 








































2 


1 




2 




(?) 


cl 
















10 


12 


11 




35 


c26 


4 


38 


1 


r 20 


8 17 







i Including 8 who board at home and 1 who boards with married sister, but not including 1 not reported. 

k Including 1 who rides one way only. 

i Including 2 who ride one way only, but not including 1 not reported. 

m One works overtime, hours not reported. 

n Including 2 who ride one way only. 

o Not including 1 who works overtime, hours not reported. 

v Including 6 who ride one way only, but not including 1 not reported. 

q One not reported. 

r Not including 2 not reported. 

* Including 6 who ride one way only, but not including 2 not reported. 



168 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table III.— SUMMARY OF EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS 

C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, 
HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT 
HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK-Concluded. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 





Total 
em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose maximum length of overtime day 
(in hours) is — 


Occupation. 


Under 

7. 


7 and 
under 8. 


8 and 
under 9. 


9 and 

under 

10. 


10 and 

under 

11. 


11 and 

under 

12. 


12 and 

under 

15. 


15 and 
over. 




2 

11 
9 
2 
6 








1 
1 






















3 














1 
(<0 


Operators, night 


( c ) 


( c ) 


( c ) 


1 


( c ) 


( c ) 
1 


( c ) 


Operators, split trick 












Total operators 


28 

1 
1 

1 
1 


( c ) 


( c ) 


( c ) 


«2 


( c ) 


el 


«4 


CO 


Operators, chief, day 

Recorders, split trick 

Service inspectors, day 

Service inspectors, evening.. 


















1 


























































Total service inspect- 
ors 


2 




































Stenographers, day 


1 

2 
1 


















Supervisorss, day 


















Supervisors, evening 


































Total supervisors 


3 




































Ticket examiners, day 


1 


































CO 


Total, all employees. .. 


39 


(<0 


el 


( c ) 


«3 


(<0 


el 


*4 



a Not including 1 not reported. 
b Including 1 who boards at home, 
c One works overtime, hours not reported. 

d Not including 2 who report transmitter disinfected regularly and receiver disinfected at pleasure. 
e Not including 1 who works overtime, hours not reported. 

/ Not including 2 who report transmitter disinfected regularly and receiver disinfected at pleasure, and 
1 not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



169 



IN TELEPHONE COMPANIES, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES— Concluded. 

C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, 
HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT 
HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK-Concluded. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



Number of employees. 


Who have ever 

been given any 

choice. 


Who report 
health affected. 


Having operating set. 


Living 
at home. 


Board- 
ing. 


Walking 
to and 
from 
home. 


Riding 
to and 
from 
home. 


In ex- 
change 
to which 
sent. 


Of 
shift. 


Injuri- 
ously. 


Benefi- 
cially. 


For 
indi- 
vidual 
use. 


Disin- 
fected 
regu- 
larly. 


Disin- 
fected 
at 
pleasure. 
















2 

7 
8 
2 
5 






2 


1 
2 


2 

1 
1 


3 
1 
1 
1 




11 
9 
2 
6 


5 

8 

2 

d3 


8 
a 4 


4 
6 1 


1 


10 




9 






2 


1 




d2 


1 


«2 


o3 








4 


4 


7 




28 


dl8 


/14 


22 


66 


aS 


a 24 








1 






(9) 
1 

1 






1 
1 






1 


1 






1 

1 
(ff) 






1 












1 


1 










(?) 


1 




1 
























Bl 


«1 


(0 


1 


1 




2 




























1 

2 






1 


1 


1 






2 

1 


1 


1 
1 




1 


1 






6 1 


1 
















1 


1 






3 


3 


2 


2 


6 1 


1 


2 














1 




1 


1 






1 
















G 





7 




h 34 


/23 


*17 


31 


;'8 


«5 


a?3 







g One not reported. 
h Not including 2 not reported. 

( Not including 2 who report transmitter disinfected regularly, receiver disinfected atpleasure, and 2 not 
reported. 

;' Including 2 who board at home. 



170 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table IV.— SUMMARY, FOR ALL TELEPHONE COMPANIES, OF EMPLOY 

A.— OCCUPATION, SEX, LENGTH OF EMPLOYMENT IN TELEPHONE SERVICE, AND 
AGE OF EMPLOYEES AT ENTERING SERVICE. 





Sex. 


Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Number of e 


mployees whose years of employment in 
telephone service were— 


Occupation. 


Un- 
der 
1. 


1 and 

under 

2. 


2 and 

under 

3. 


3 and 

under 

4. 


4 and 

under 

5. 


5 and 
under 

7. 


7 and 

under 

10. 


10 and 
over. 




F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 

M. 
F. 

F. 

F. 
F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 
F. 
F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 
F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 
• F. 

F. 

F. 
F. 
F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 

F. 
F. 
F. 
F. 

F. 

Fr 

F. 
F. 
F. 


11 
2 




1 


i" 


7 


1 


1 


i' 


1 


















13 




1 


1 


7 


1 


1 


1 


1 






1 

3 

1 
















1 




1 


i" 


1 




1 






























4 


1 


i 


1 




1 


















2 
1 
1 








1 




1 












1 
1 








































4 






2 


1 




1 
















Operators, day 


a 120 
&98 
c36 

an 


13 
42 
11 
17 


30 
20 
10 
29 


26 
14 
7 
17 


18 
10 
2 
5 


14 
3 
4 
4 


14 
4 
2 
5 


4 
5 


1 




















«331 


83 


89 


64 


35 


25 


25 


9 


1 






5 
1 

7 














1 


4 










1 
1 












1 


1 


2 


2 










Total operators, chief 


13 






1 


2 


1 


2 


3 


4 






Operators, chief assistant, day 

Operators, chief assistant, night. . . 


3 

1 








1 




2 


1 






1 






















Total operators , chief assist- 


4 






1 








2 


1 
















4 

1 
1 




1 


2 










1 










1 










1 






















Total recorders 


6 




1 


2 


1 






1 


1 









2 
1 












1 





1 


Service inspectors, evening 










i 
















Total service inspectors 


3 










1 


1 




1 












1 

26 

«10 

2 

5 






1 

2 
2 




1 










1 


i" 


7 
3 


8 
2 


4 

2 
1 

1 


4 

1 


Supervisors, evening 










1 








3 












Total supervisors 


e43 


1 


1 


4 


1 


10 


it 


8 


5 






1 
1 
1 
1 
















1 


Ticket checkers, chief, day 














1 


Ticket examiners , day 








1 
















1 






















All occupations, males 


3 

/424 


1 

84 


"""93" 


1 
76 


""'48' 


1 

38 








All occupations, females 




44 


25 


16 






Total, all employees 


427 


85 


93 


77 


48 


39 


44 


25 


16 







a Including 2 who work day and split trick alternate weeks, also 1 who works day or evening trick as 
required, and 1 whose age at entering service not reported. 
b Including 1 who works evening part of week and night part of week. 
c Not including 1 who works night trick part of week and evening trick part of week. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



171 



MENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS, AS REPORTED BY EMPLOYEES. 

A.— OCCUPATION, SEX, LENGTH OF EMPLOYMENT IN TELEPHONE SERVICE, AND 
AGE OF EMPLOYEES AT ENTERING SERVICE. 







Shmber of employees whose 


age at entering telephone service was 






11 years 

and 
under. 


12 years. 


13 years. 


14 years. 


15 years. 


16 years. 


17 years. 


18 years. 


19 years. 


20 years. 


21 years 
and 
over. 








2 


1 


2 


2 




1 


1 


2 








1 


1 
























2 


1 


2 


2 


1 


1 


1 


3 




























1 


2 


1 
1 


















1 . 


































2 


2 


1 














































1 


1 








:::::::::!::::::::: 






1 
1 










1 










































2 




1 


1 




















1 


4 


9 
4 
1 
3 


24 
8 
4 
8 


22 

27 

9 

21 


22 
12 
9 
22 


21 
19 
3 
6 


4 
9 
5 
4 


3 
13 
3 
4 


9 




6 








2 


1 






8 








1 


1 


4 


17 


44 


79 


65 


49 


22 


23 


25 










1 


2 




2 

1 
2 


































1 


2 




2 


























1 


2 


1 


5 


2 




2 
































1 

1 


1 




1 




















































2 


1 




1 






1 






















2 










2 
















1 




















1 


































2 




1 | 1 




2 
















i 


1 




2 


1 














1 




























1 








2 


1 


























1 














j 








3 


3 


6 

1 
1 

1 


3 
3 
1 


5 
1 


2 
3 


3 


1 








1 




















1 




3 
























! . 


4 


3 


9 


7 


9 


5 


3 


2 


















1 


























1 
1 




































1 




























2 

1 


2 






1 












4 


23 


49 


96 


79 


68 


35 


28 


37 


3 


3 


4 


23 


49 


96 


79 


68 


35 


28 


37 



d Not including 2 who work split and day tricks on alternate weeks. 
« Including 1 whose age at entering service was not reported. 
/ Including 2 whose age at entering service was not reported. 



172 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table IV.— SUMMARY FOR ALL TELEPHONE COMPANIES OF 

EMPLOYEES— 

B.— LUNCH TIME, RELIEF, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WORKING OVERTIME. 





To- 
tal 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Number of employees whose time for lunch is— 


Occupation. 


None. 


15 
min- 
utes 
and 
less. 


20 
min- 
utes. 


25 
min- 
utes. 


30 
min- 
utes. 


35 
min- 
utes. 


40 
min- 
utes. 


45 
min- 
utes. 


60 
min- 
utes 
and 
over. 




11 
2 


















11 




2 


































Total clerks ..-. 


13 


2 
















11 




















1 

3 
1 


1 


























1 








2 
1 






































4 










1 








3 




















2 

1 
1 


















2 
1 




















Monitors, split trick 


1 


































Total monitors 


4 


1 
















3 




















a 120 

d98 

36 

77 










22 

16 

019 




1 


12 
2 


85 

31 

h 13 

2 




28 
2 

74 


21 
1 
1 








1 








Operators, split trick 






















Total operators 


331 


104 


23 


1 




57 




1 


14 


A 131 






5 

1 

7 










1 








4 




1 
1 






















3 








m3 


















13 


2 








4 








m 


















3 
1 










1 








2 
1 


Operators, chief, assistant, night 
































Total operators, chief, assistant . . . 


4 










1 








3 


















4 
1 
1 


















4 












1 










1 


































Total recorders 


6 


1 








1 








4 


















2 
1 










2 
















1 
































3 






1 




2 


























1 

26 

10 

2 

5 


















1 

19 

1 












7 










5 


4 


















2 










5 


































Total supervisors 


43 


10 


4 






9 








20 















a Including 1 who works day or evening as required, and 2 who work day and split tricks alternate weeks. 

b Including 1 who is allowed time off at close of day when lunch time is curtailed. 

c Not including 1 who is indifferent, and 2 not reported. 

d Including 1 who works evening part of week and night part of week. 

« Not including 1 not reported. 

/Not including 3 who are indifferent and 1 not reported. 

g Including 1 who is allowed no time for lunch on Saturdays. 

ft Including 1 who is allowed 1 hour, 2 allowed 2 hours, 1 allowed 3 hours, and 1 allowed 4 hours for 
lunch and relief combined. 

i Including 1 who is allowed 1 hour, 2 allowed 2 hours, 1 allowed 3 hours, and 1 allowed 4 hours for 
lunch and relief combined, and also 1 who is allowed 2£ hours for relief alone except on Saturdays when it 
is curtailed to 10 minutes. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



173 



EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS, AS REPORTED BY 
Continued. 



!.— LUNCH TIME, RELIEF, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WORKING OVERTIME. 



Number of employees — 


Whose time for relief is— 


Whose 
lunch 
period 
is cur- 
tailed. 


Whose 
relief 
period 
is cur- 
tailed. 


Who 
ever 
worked 
over- 
time. 




None. 


15 
min- 
utes 
and 
less. 


20 
min- 
utes. 


25 
min- 
utes. 


30 
min- 
utes. 


35 
min- 
utes. 


40 
min- 
utes. 


45 
min- 
utes. 


60 
min- 
utes 
and 
over. 


At 
will. 


On 
re- 
quest. 


.Vl.o 
desire 
over- 
time. 


2 


1 






6 




1 






1 


...... 


4 


2 


3 


1 


1 











1 


















2 | 2 






e| 1 i 


1 


■ i| ' 


4 


2 


3 


2 




.. . 






1 


1 1 I i 


1 i 








1 


I 




2 

1 


| 


1. L 1. 






1 

1 


1 










i 






















1 


i 




3 


1 


........................ 






2 


1 
















' 1 




1 


1 




1 


1 

1 


1 

1 








1 1 




1 












1 












1 



























1 








1 






I 


2 


2 


























12 
33 
3 
31 


23 
27 
6 
17 


4 
5 

1 
10 


3 

2 

...„. 


55 

13 
3 
11 












23 

17 
1 
6 


6 21 

1 


37 

21 
«9 
21 


59 
44 
9 
40 


cl3 










1 


/19 








i22 


e3 








;17 












79 


73 


20 


7 


82 




| 


t'22 


1 J 47 


k 27 


«88 


152 


152 








4 








1 












1 




2 


(m) 
















1 












3 








n4 






1 


2 


(*) 




















4 








4 








n 4 


i L_._ 


1 


1 


4 


(°) 


















1 








2 
1 




■ 


1 








1 


GO 












1 



































1 








3 




1 


1 








1 


(V) 





















1 








3 




! 










2 

1 


2 


1 










:::::: 


1 






1 




1 










::.: 






1 


1 






















2 








3 




i 


1 






1 


3 


3 


2 




















1 






2 








i 




















1 
























1 








1 








2 




i 




1 . 




















. . 










i 












i 












3 
4 


...... 


2 
1 




15 
1 






1 


2 


3 
1 


3 


2 


11 


3 












2 




1 


1 
1 


1 
3 


1 


2 


2 












1 
















9 


5 


3 




16 






1 


4 . 


5 


4 


15 


4 























/Not including 2 who are indifferent. 

* Including 1 who is allowed time off at close of day when lunch time is curtailed, but not including 1 not 
reported. 

l Not including 6 who are indifferent, and 4 not reported. 

m One not reported. 

» Including 1 who is allowed 2 hours for lunch and relief combined. 

"Two not reported. 

v One is indifferent. 



174 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table IV.— SUMMARY, FOR ALL TELEPHONE COMPANIES, OF 

EMPLOYEES— 

B.— LUNCH TIME, RELIEF, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WORKING OVERTIME— 

Concluded. 





To- 
tal 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Number of employees whose time for lunch is — 


Occupation. 


None. 


15 
min- 
utes 
and 
less. 


20 
min- 
utes. 


25 
min- 
' utes. 


30 
min- 
utes. 


35 
min- 
utes. 


40 
min- 
utes. 


45 
min- 
utes. 


60 
min- 
utes 
and 
over. 




1 
1 
1 
1 


















1 
1 

1 
1 




















Ticket examiners, day 


















Timekeepers, day 






































3 

424 










1 
a 74 








2 
&185 

6 187 


All occupations, females 


121 


27 


2 






1 


14 




Total, all employees 


427 


121 


27 


2 




a 75 




1 


14 





a Including 1 who is allowed no time for lunch on Saturdays. 

b Including 1 who is allowed one hour, 3 allowed two hours, 1 allowed three hours, and 1 allowed four 
hours for lunch, and relief combined. 

c Including 1 who is allowed one hour, 3 allowed two hours, 1 allowed three hours, and 1 allowed four 
hours for lunch and relief combined, and also 1 who is allowed two and a half hours for relief, except on 
Saturdays, when it is curtailed to ten minutes. 

C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, 
HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT 
HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK. 





Total 

em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose maximum length of overtime day 
(in hours) is— 


Occupation. 


Under 

7. 


7 

and 

under 

8. 


8 

and 

under 

9. 


9 

and 

under 

10. 


10 

and 

under 

11. 


11 

and 

under 

12. 


12 

and 

under 

15. 


15 
and 
over. 


Clerks, day 


11 
2 








1 




1 


1 




Clerks, evening 






























13 








1 




1 


1 












Matrons, day 


1 

3 
1 






























1 






Messengers, evening 






1 




















Total messengers 


4 








1 




1 


















2 

1 
1 


















Monitors, evening 


















Monitors, split trick 




































Total monitors 


4 





































a With married sister, 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



175 



EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS, AS REPORTED BY 
Continued. 

B.— LUNCH TIME, RELIEF, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WORKING OVERTIME— 

Concluded. 



Number of employees— 


Whose time for relief is— 


Whose 
lunch 
period 
is cur- 
tailed. 


Whose 
relief 
period 
is cur- 
tailed. 


Who 

ever 
worked 
over- 
time. 




None. 


15 
min- 
utes 
and 
less. 


20 
min- 
utes. 


25 
min- 
utes. 


30 
min- 
utes. 


35 
min- 
utes. 


40 
min- 
utes. 


45 
min- 
utes. 


60 
min- 
utes 
and 
over. 


At 
will. 


On 
re- 
quest. 


Who 
desire 
over- 
time. 










1 


















1 




1 
































1 






















1 
























1 






























1 
102 








2 

120 


















1 

181 


1 


80 


23 


7 




1 


1 


c31 


4 


55 


d39 


«98 


/60 


103 


80 


23 


7 


122 




1 


1 


c31 


4 


55 


<*39 


«98 


182 


/61 



d Including 1 who is allowed time off at close of day when lunch time is curtailed, but not including 1 
not reported. 
" Not including 1 not reported. 
/Not including 7 who are indifferent and 6 not reported. 



C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, 
HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT 
HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK. 



Number of employees — 


Who have ever 

been given any 

choice— 


Who report 
health affected— 


Having operating set— 


Living 

at 
home. 


Board- 
ing. 


Walk- 
ing to 
and 
from 
home. 


Riding 
to and 
from 
home. 


In ex- 
change 
to which 
sent. 


Of shift. 


Injuri- 
ously. 


Bene- 
ficially. 


For 
indi- 
vidual 
use. 


Disin- 
fected 
regu- 
larly. 


Disin- 
fected at 
pleas- 
ure. 


3 

1 


2 
1 


3 


1 


5 
1 


2 

1 


. 4 

1 


10 
2 


1 


5 


6 
2 












4 


3 


3 


1 


6 


3 


5 


12 


1 


5 


8 














1 

2 

1 






1 
















al 




3 


















1 




































3 


al 




4 






















1 


1 




2 

1 
1 




2 


1 
1 
1 


bl 


1 
1 

1 


1 












































1 


1 




4 




2 


3 


&1 


3 


1 











& At home. 



176 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table IV. 



-SUMMARY, FOR ALL TELEPHONE COMPANIES, OF 

EMPLOYEES— 



C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, 
HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT 
HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK— Continued. 





Total 
em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose maximum length of overtime day 
(in hours) is— 


Occupation. 


Under 

7. 


7 

and 

under 

8. 


8 

and 

under 

9. 


9 

and 

under 

10. 


10 

and 

under 

11. 


11 

and 

under 

12. 


12 

and 

under 

15. 


15 
and 
over. 


Operators, day 


a 120 

36 

77 








5 

5 

o2 

«5 


15 

9 

o\ 

slO 


18 
2 

(») 

s7 


19 

18 

o\ 

slO 


2 
si 




3 

(n) 


2 
(») 

(0 


5 
o2 
«6 




Operators, split-trick 


Total operators 


331 


w3 


w2 


wl3 


wl7 


u>35 


w27 


«>48 


w>3 


Operators, chief, day 


5 

1 
7 












2 




Operators, chief, evening 














Operators, chief, night 






1 








1 














Total operators, chief . 


13 






1 








3 














Operators, chief, assistant, 
day 


3 
1 














1 




Operators, chief, assistant, 
































Total operators, chief, 


4 














1 




















4 
1 
1 














2 


















Recorders, split trick 




1 




























Total recorders 


6 




1 










2* 














Service inspectors, day 


1 
1 


















Service inspectors, evening. . 


































Total service inspect- 


2 




































Service observers, day 


1 


















Stenographers, day 



















a Including 2 who work day and split tricks alternate weeks and 1 who works day or evening as required. 
b Not including 1 not reported. 

c Including 1 who lives with aunt and pays no board and 1 who does' light housekeeping with another 
girl. 
d Including 2 who board at home. 

« Including 1 who walks part of way only, but not including 2 not reported. 
/Including 4 who ride one way only, but not including 2 not reported. 
g Including 1 who works evening part of week and night part of week. 
h Not including 2 not reported. 
i Not including 4 not reported. 

i Including 1 who does light housekeeping with another girl, but not including 1 not reported. 
* Including 2 who board at home, but not including 1 not reported. 
i Including 1 who walks 3 trips and rides one, but not including 2 not reported. 
m Including 7 who ride one way only, but not including 2 not reported. 
n Three work overtime, hours not reported. 
o Not including 3 who work overtime, hours not reported, 
p Including 1 who does light housekeeping with another girl. 
q Including 3 who ride one way only. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



177 



EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS, AS REPORTED BY 
Continued. 

C. -LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, 
HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT 
HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK— Continued. 



Number of employees— 


Who have ever 
been given any 
choice — 


Who report 
health affected— 


Having operating set— 


Living 

at 
home. 


Board- 
ing. 


Walk- 
ing to 
and 
from 
home. 


Riding 
to and 
from 
home. 


In ex- 
change 
to which 
sent. 


Of shift. 


Injuri- 
ously. 


Bene- 
ficially. 


For 
indi- 
vidual 
use. 


Disin- 
fected 
regu- 
larly. 


Disin- 
fected at 
pleas- 
ure. 


16 
6 20 

1 
17 


27 
19 
17 
5 


31 

6 19 
15 
21 




118 

6 95 

32 

73 


6 56 
A 37 
6 13 
<17 


6 54 

i52 

13 

<32 


cl08 

;87 

P33 

68 


dl2 
fclO 

3 
«9 


e 51 / 67 


1 

1 


'30 

15 

£ 40 


m66 
9 21 
»35 








6 54 


68 


6 86 


2 | 6 378 | a; 123 


yl51 


z296 


a«34 | 66136 


cc 189 


2 
1 
3 


3 

1 
2 




63 i 1 

1 l 
7 | 2 


2 


4 
1 
6 


1 


1 

1 
2 


4 








1 




4 


Ml 


5 






6 


6 


1 




6 11 | 4 


6 


11 


«2 


4 


9 






1 


2 
1 






,1 , 


1 


3 

1 




1 

1 


2 


1 


















1 


3 


1 




4 


3 


1 


4 




2 


2 










1 


1 
1 






4 ! 3 


2 

1 


2 


2 

1 


2 


2 






1 




dd\ 


1 






1 


1 


1 


1 
















2 


2 






6 | 4 


3 


3 


3 


3 


dd3 








1 






1 1 






1 




1 










(«) 


(«) 


(ee) 


1 




1 






















61 


61 


(ee) 


1 


1 




2 






















1 








-1 





1 

















1 




1 



r One works overtime, hours not reported. 

* Not including 1 who works overtime, hours not reported. 

t Not including 2 who report transmitter disinfected regularly and receiver disinfected at pleasure. 

"Including 1 who boards at home. 

» Including 6 who ride one way only, but not including 2 not reported. 

wNot including 4 who work overtime, hours not reported. 

x Not including 2 who report transmitter disinfected regularly and receiver disinfected at pleasure, and 

4 not reported. 

yNot including 2 who report transmitter disinfected regularly and receiver disinfected at pleasure, and 

5 not reported. 

z Including 1 who lives with aunt and pays no board and 3 who do light housekeeping with other girls, 
but not including 1 not reported. 

aa Including 5 who board at home, but not including 1 not reported. 

66 Including 1 who walks part of way only and 1 who walks 3 trips and rides one, but not including 6 not 
reported. 

cc Including 20 who ride one way only, but not including 6 not reported. 

dd Including 1 who rides one way only. 

ee One not reported. 



29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2- 



-12 



178 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table IV. 



-SUMMARY, FOR ALL TELEPHONE COMPANIES, OF 

EMPLOYEES— 



C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, 
HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT 
HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK— Concluded. 





Total 
em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose maximum length of overtime day 
(in hours) is— 


Occupation. 


Under 

7. 


7 

and 

under 

8. 


8 

and 

under 

9. 


9 

and 

under 

10. 


10 

and 

under 

11. 


11 

and 

under 

12. 


12 

and 

under 

15. 


15 
and 
over. 




26 
10 
2 
5 






1 


1 


3 


3 


4 




Supervisors, evening 


















1 




Supervisors, split trick 










1 


2 














Total supervisors 


43 






1 


1 


4 


5 


5 








Supervisors, chief, day 

Ticket checkers, chief, day. . 
Ticket examiners, day 


1 
1 
1 

1 








1 




















^ 






























1 




















All occupations, males 

All occupations, females 


3 

424 












1 
A 34 






A3 


A3 


A 15 


A 21 


A 39 


AGO 


A3 


Total, all employees. . . 


427 


A3 


A3 


A 15 


A 21 


A 39 


A 35 


A 60 


A3 



a Including 1 who boards at home. 

b Not including 1 not reported. 

c Including 2 who ride one way only, but not including 1 not reported. 

d Including 1 who rides one way only. 

e Including 2 who board at home. 

/ Including 3 who ride one way only, but not including 1 not reported. 

g With married sister. 

a Not including 3 who work overtime, hours not reported, 

i Not including 3 not reported. 

j Not including 2 who report transmitter disinfected regularly and receiver disinfected at pleasure, and 

not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



179 



EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS, AS REPORTED BY 
Concluded. 

C— LENGTH OF OVERTIME DAY, CHOICE OF EXCHANGE AND HOURS OF WORK, 
HEALTH, CARE OF OPERATING SET, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WHO LIVE AT 
HOME OR BOARD AND WHO RIDE OR WALK TO WORK-Concluded. 



Number of employees— 


Who have ever 
been given any 
choice— 


Who report 
health affected— 


Having operating set— 


Living 

at 
home. 


Board- 
ing. 


Walk- 
ing to 
and 
from 
home. 


Riding 
to and 
from 
home. 


In ex- 
change 
to which 
sent. 


Of shift. 


Injuri- 
ously. 


Bene- 
ficially. 


For 
indi- 
vidual 
use. 


Disin- 
fected 
regu- 
larly. 


Disin- 
fected at 
pleas- 
ure. 


5 

3 


10 
6 

1 


4 
1 
1 
3 




24 
10 
2 
4 


10 
5 


17 
8 
1 
2 


22 
7 
1 
5 


1 


ft7 
1 


el8 




9 




d2 


1 




1 


5 












9 


17 | 9 




40 


16 


28 1 35 


e8 


ft 13 


J 29 












1 




1 


1 

1 
1 




1 






I 








1 








1 




1 






1 




1 








1 




1 




















L. 




2 
'371 


<7l 

m52 


""n"ie7" 


3 


ft 76 


101 j 6 101 


3 


*393 J 154 


*198 


02:0 


6 76 


101 ft 101 


3 


*393 


yi54 


k 198 I 373 


2>53 


nl67 


o253 



k Not including 2 who report transmitter disinfected regularly and receiver disinfected at pleasure, and 
6 not reported. 

i Including 1 who lives with aunt and pays no board and 3 who do light housekeeping, but not includ- 
ing 1 not reported. 

m Including 10 who board at home, but not including 1 not reported. 

n Including 1 who walks part of way only and 1 who walks 3 trips and rides one, but not including 7 not 
reported. 

o Including 24 who ride one way only, but not including 7 not reported 

v Including 1 who boards with married sister and 10 who board at home, but not including 1 not reported. 



180 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 

BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY OF MISSOURI, ST. LOUIS, MO. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 
under 
$30. 


$30 and 
under 
$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




8 
8 

10 
8 


4 

7 

1 
2 




4 

7 

1 

2 


































































Do 













































Total 


3 




3 






















8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

10 

10 

8 
























1 

19 

24 

3 

3 

33 

3 

59 


17 

22 


1 

19 

24 

3 

3 

33 

20 
81 














































































































Chauffeurs, drivers, host- 






















Clerks . . 














1 


3 

8 


"2 


6 
4 


Do 






























Total 


62 


39 


101 














1 


11 


2 


10 




8 
8 
8 
8 
10 
12 

12 

8 














Clerks, chief 


13 

27 
1 
9 
2 
1 

1 
1 




13 

27 
1 
9 
2 
1 

1 

1 












































Collectors, chief 






























































1 




Engineers 

Engineers, assistant 

Do... 
















































































Total. . . 


2 




2 
























12 
10 
8 
























1 

2 
23 




1 

2 

23 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total. 


26 




26 
























8 
8 

10 

8 
























2 
2 

22 
19 




2 
2 

22 
19 


































































Do 












































Total 


41 




41 
























8 
10 

12 
10 
8 
























32 
13 

1 

4 

79 


"'19' 


32 
32 

1 

4 

79 


























1 




2 




2 




6 




7 


Laborers 


Do... 






















Do 


















9 






















Total . 


84 




84 


















9 






10 
8 


















Linemen 


5 

38 




5 

38 






















Do 












































Total 


43 

1 

2 




43 
























8 
8 
10 






















Machinists 


...... 


1 
2 
7 












































Matrons 




















3 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



181 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES. 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 

BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY OF MISSOURI ,ST. LOUIS, MO. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 
under 
$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 
under 
$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


























4 
1 




























1 




2 

1 














2 




1 






































1 


















1 
























































1 








1 












1 


























= 








= 


= 




= 
















1 
4 
5 
















| 








9 

1 
1 






4 
3 
1 
1 












2 




















1 




14 
1 












1 




















.... ( 
















2 














1 
"3" 








4 

"io" 


1 


24 

1 
12 


1 
3 


4 

1 
16 


















4 
2 


5 


2 

4 
























1 


5 




5 








1 




















3 


6 


5 


6 


10 


1 


13 


4 


17 


1 


5 




5 








1 


































1 
11 




3 
5 




2 




2 




3 




2 








1 




5 




5 




















1 




















1 








4 




4 


















1 


















































i 










































1 














































1 






































































1 








1 


























































1 
1 
2 










































1 
3 






































17 




1 






















































4 




4 




17 




1 
























































1 




1 










































1 




1 




1 
1 








2 

1 




10 
2 




6 
1 




1 

5 




1 
4 




1 
2 














3 




















?, 








3 




12 




7 




6 




5 




3 

6 ..... 


3 



















1 
























12 

8 

1 

2 

26 




7 
1 




9 




4 


....L 


...J— . 










1 


1 




3 
















































2 
21 






























12 




6 






3 




2 






































12 




6 




23 




29 




3 




2 












































1 




2 




2 

1 
































36 




1 




















































1 




2 




3 




36 




1 
















= 
































1 












































1 




1 










3 








1 

























182 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY OF MISSOURI, ST. LOUIS, MO.-Concluded. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 


Number of em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 
$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 
under 
$30. 


$30 and 
under 
$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 

1 
6 


F. 


M. 


F. 




10 

8 


4 
13 


2 


6 
13 






3 
1 


2 






Do. 






4 






2 
2 


111:1 








Total 


17 


2 


19 






4 


2 


4 




7 






10 
10 
10 

8 
8 
8 

10 

8 








2 

""2 

1 
1 

5 
16 


464 
39 
35 


466 

39 

35 

2 

1 

1 

5 

16 








1 




80 


1 


161 

1 
1 




101 

5 






















34 










































Paymasters, assistant 










































Do... 












































Total.. 


21 




21 
























8 

10 

8 






















Solicitors... . 


42 
...... 


1 

7 


42 

1 

IS 












































Do.. 












































Total 


11 


8 


19 
























10 

10 

8 
























1 

1 
6 


...... 


1 

1 

7 












































Do.. 












































Total 


7 


1 


8 
























10 

10 
8 
























1 
2 


49 


49 

1 

2 




















2 






















Do..... 













































Total. . 


3 




3 






















10 

10 
8 






















Switchboard men 


21 

16 
1 




21 

16 

1 












































Do 












































Total 


17 




17 
























8 

12 
10 
























1 

5 
1 




1 

5 
1 












































Do.. 













































Total 


6 




6 






















10 
10 

8 

12 
10 
8 
























10 
1 

7 

1 
1 
1 




10 
1 

7 

1 
1 
1 












































Wiremen 












































Do 






















Do... 












































Total 


3 
634 


663 


3 

1,297 


























=== 


1 


4 




4 




9 




~U 




Grand total 


5 


116 


180 


^28 







CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



183 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY OF MISSOURI, ST. LOUIS, MO.— Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 
under 
$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 
under 
$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


1 


































































































































| 












1 
































1 i 77 
.... 2 




44 
9 




































6 




5 




2 




6 




1 




1 




1 






















2 






























































1 
















1 
1 








































2 
2 




2 
2 
































12 





















































1 


1 




4 .... 


12 




1 








































4 




24 




1- 


3 




1 




2 




i 




1 












1 2 


1 


2 


1 


4 


2 


1 


2 


1 








1 




























1 2 


1 


1 


?, 


1 


4 


2 


1 


2 


1 








1 










































1 




















1 


































1 
































1 








6 






























































1 






1 




6 




































3 




12 


1 

1 


18 




13 




1 




































































1 














































.. 1 






?, 




















1 




















































4 


1 




5 
5 




8 
6 




3 

2 


























3 

1 
















































1 








































4 




5 




6 




2 























































1 
















1 











5 

1 




























































i 















































6 


































1 




















i 








1 ... . 2 




6 




1 

1 






















































1 -- 


6 






















1 
1 










































1""" 




























1 




































































2 .... 1 




















I 
































20 


94 


15 


72 


60 


27 


144 


24 


106 


6 


113 


6 


64 


2 


49 


1 


20 


1 


«|,... 



184 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 


Number of em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 
under 
$30. 


$30 and 
under 
$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




1\ 
9 

f 


...... 


1 

66 

12 

11 

6 


1 

66 
12 
12 
6 






















Clerks.. 
















3 




15 
1 


Do 
















Do 














1 






Do 










































Total 


1 


95 


98 














1 


3 




16 




n 

8" 

9i 

9" 

8 
















1 
1 


....... 

1 

13 

1 


1 
1 


1 
13 

1 






















































































1 
10 


Do 




















Do 










































Total 




15 


15 




















11 




9 

8 
























6 

1 




6 
1 


4 
1 




2 
















Do 




































Total. 


7 




7 


5 .... 


2 


















10 
9 

8 
7 
6 




















1 
744 
2 
2 
1 


1 
744 
2 
2 
1 
















1 
261 






Do 












59 






270 


Do.. 












Do 




















2 


Do... 
















1 
























Total 




750 


750 












59 


_ 


263 


= 


272 




9 
8£ 

8 
7 




= 


= 


= 




= 






9 
1 

8 
1 


9 

1 
8 
1 










Do 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total. 




19 


19 
























9 

9 
81 




























53 

1 
1 
2 


53 

1 
1 
2 
















3 




17 
1 


















Do 




















Do 




















1 






















Total 




4 


4 




















2 




9 
8 

7 


























36 

79 

6 


36 

79 

6 




















5 
3 


Do 




















Do 











































Total 




121 


121 
















8 




9 
8 






















Supervisors, chief 




2 
9 


2 
9 






















Do 












































Total 




11 


11 
























7% 
























Testers 


4 


4 


8 
1,093 
























5 




~~2 




= 








=== 




Grand total 


14 


1,079 




59 


1 


269 


326 











CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



185 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 
under 
$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 
under 
$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




















1 
























27 




13 

4 




8 




























































3 
1 




i 1 


1 
1 






























1 


1 




1 






































31 


....| 25 .. 


17 




1 


1 




1 














































1 


1 




1 


















! ... 








1 








:::::::::: 




















4 




1 


1 



















































iz: 


3 
1 




































... . 
........ 






1 












































4 


...j I. ...!.... 









1 




....I I....L... 




















.___... ,1 1 ...1 .... 




! .. 






1 1 








1 r r r 






1 







::::r::::::::i:::: 


........ 
























i....i I....L.. 






|.... 




_.| |.. ..L... 





















........ 






! 


f . 






1 






....1 












U9 .... 


5 

2 








1.... 


»:::...:... 




1 
























-------- 












....1 ... 














1 
















I 














........ 
























1 






149 




7 


....[.... 




| 1... 


! 




.................. 
























1 


■- ' 




3 






4 

1 
1 




1 








































2 




i L. 





























1 


1 













































1 


....j 3 




4 


1 5 


! 6 


....I L... 




1 








1 ..' . 










21 




11 




1 






i 






















i 
























1 












!""" 


























1 






























































1 . 






! 


I 




..1 __ 




























1" 














20 
10 

1 


...J 9 .... 
.... 34 .. .. 

.... 4|.... 


2 

29 

1 


1 












i i 










I 2 




1 








:;::l::::::l:::: 




















































31 


....| 47.... 


32 


1 » 


| 1 








































1 


...J !.... 


1 

9 






I ' 


1 






...J.... 




.... .. 








--------- 


;:;: ;:;: 




1 










! 1 


1 


1 ' 




1 




.... i 


....I |_._. 


10 


| . 


1 1 




.___! ......... 




1 




















2 j 1 | 1 | 2 |__.. 


1 


1 


1 


1 


I....1 1.... 




















2 1 238 1 1 1 94 1 


69 


8 


2 : 9 1 


7l- 1 



















































186 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CENTRAL DISTRICT AND PRINTING TELEGRAPH COMPANY, PITTSBURG, PA. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 
under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Accountants 


81 

8J 

81 

81 

81 

9 

9 

81 

9 

81 
8 
71 
4 


4 

3 

25 

1 

29 

34 

2 

3 

49 
117 


...„. 

..... 

2 
70 
3 
3 
1 


4 

3 

25 

1 

32 

34 

2 

4 

51 

187 
3 
3 

1 
















































































1 
1 




























Cable splicers 


























































1 






Clerks 




















Do 














4 


13 


3 


24 


Do 




a\ 










Do... 




1 








2 






Do 




1 






























Total... 


166 


79 


245 




62 




1 






4 [ 15 


3 


24 




81 
81 

81 
81 

81 
9 
9 

12 
9 
81 








11 
1 

17 
3 
1 
1 
4 

2 
4 
16 




11 
1 

17 
3 
1 
1 
4 

2 
4 
16 












































Collectors 






















Draftsmen 






















Draftsmen, chief.. . 


































































Engineers 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total. 


22 




22 












...J 








9 

81 
81 
9 

81 


















Engineers, assistant 


2 
3 
1 
32 
3 




2 
3 
1 
32 
3 










































Field men, chief. . 






















Foremen 






















Do 










































Total 


35 




35 






















81 
81 




















Foremen, general 


3 

35 
15 




3 

35 
15 












































Do 












































Total 


50 




50 
























81 
9 
81 

10 

8 
6£ 

4 
3 

21 
2 
























3 

31 

1 

9 
9 


"""4' 

..... 

10 
1 
2 
1 
5 


3 
31 
5 

9 
9 
1 
10 
1 
2 
1 
5 
























































































Do... 






















Do 
















1 
9 






Do 




















Do.. 




ol 
2 
1 

a o 
















Do... 


















Do... 


















Do.. 




































Total 


18 


20 


38 




c9 












10 








9 
9 
81 


















4 

128 

4 !...... 


4 

128 

4 












































Managers 























a Under $10. 



b Including 1 under $10. 



c Including 6 under $10. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



187 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CENTRAL DISTRICT AND PRINTING TELEGRAPH COMPANY, PITTSBURG, PA. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 
under 

$70. 


$70 and 
under 
$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




















1 
2 
1 








1 




1 




1 






1'"' 








1 
1 




















1 




3 








10 


.... 


9 




























1 


2 


2 


1 


2 


9 




9 

1 
1 




2 
2 








2 




1 








19 






12 
1 
















































1 

23 
23 












1 




1 




"2 


1 
12 
2 


1 
4 


1 

17 


3 

8 


'"3" 




12 
12 




"i" 


9 
36 




1 

12 












6 




5 




2 


















































j 






















































2 j 15 5 18 


11 


3 


24 | 


46 1 


45 




13 .... 


6 




5 




2 






! 










1 


1 




1 




1 

1 




4 




4 




1 






























14 
3 




1 




2 


































































1 






























1 
























1 




3 

1 
1 


































1 




































1 








1 
1 




1 
6 


























1 






8 




























1 










2 




1 




1 




1 




2 




»L 


8 


































2 
2 












































1 








































1 
2 




























3 




7 




20 
1 
































2 

2 


























































• 




7 




21 




2 






















































1 

1 
3 




2 
















13 
3 




21 
2 





























4 




1 




i .... 




1 


























16 




23 




4 




1 




1 .... 


4 




1 








.... 








...J 


! 
















1 












2 




3 






7 .... 


10 


"T 


5 

1 


.... 


6 
















1 




1 










1 












8 
2 






























7 
































































1 












































































::::::i:: . 




















































































































































1 






10 


.... 7 




1 


























































4 
22 








1 




















::::i:::::: 








33 1 


70 


1 3 




















...J... 






2 














1 




1 





188 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS-Cont'd 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CENTRAL DISTRICT AND PRINTING TELEGRAPH COMPANY, PITTSBURG, PA.— 

Concluded. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 
under 
$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Matrons 


9 
8i 

8| 

14 
13 
12 
10 
9 

H 

8 
6* 
6 
5 
( & ) 


'""l5' 
...... 


6 
4 
19 

1 

2 

1 

19 

64 

443 

1 

1 

29 

16 

cl 


6 
19 
19 

1 

2 

1 

20 

64 

443 

1 

1 

29 

16 

1 




1 












5 








1 


4 


13 




1 
















5 


Operators 




















Do 
















2 






Do 




ol 
















Do 


1 


7 
1 
1 




4 
18 

40 




7 
36 
269 




1 

9 
102 
1 
1 
2 
1 


Do 






Do 








Do 








Do 




















Do 








13 

12 




10 




1 
1 




Do 




2 




Do 






























Total 


1 


d578 


<*579 




«3 


1 


34 


= 


72 


= 


316 


= 


117 




11 
9 
8i 
6 






1 
22 
24 

5 


1 
22 
24 

5 








1 
9 
3 


Do 
















5 




Do 
















Do 












1 




























Total 




52 


52 












1 




5 




13 




8h 
Si 
9 
9 

9 

8^ 
















...... 

45 

"""is" 


27 

27 

1 

14 


27 
27 
3 
45 

1 
32 
















1 




4 






26 




1 








Painters 














Repair men 






















Stenographers 






















Do 












































Total 


18 


15 


33 
























8| 

9 
8§ 
6 






















Students 


1 
3 


1 
34 
3 


1 
3 

1 

34 

3 






















Superintendents 






















Supervisors 
















1 






Do 


















2 


Do 










































Total 




38 


38 
















1 




2 




9 

9 

8§ 

8J 

9 

9 

8i 


















Supervisors, building 


3 

6 
8 
6 
1 

22 
2 




3 

6 
8 
6 
1 

22 
2 












































Traffic chiefs 






















Traffic chiefs, assistant 






















Watchmen 












































Do 












































Total 


24 




24 
























8i 

9 
























1 

7 




1 

7 




























--I - 


































Grand total 


752 


d873 


dl,625 




/41 


2 


40 


13 


73 


7 


354 


3 


165 







a Under $10. 



b Not reported. 



c Rate not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



189 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTJRS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CENTRAL DISTRICT AND PRINTING TELEGRAPH COMPANY, PITTSBURG, PA.— 

Concluded. 













Number of employees 


whose monthly rates were 














S35 and 
under 
$40. 


S40 and 

under 

$45. 


S45 and j $50 and S60 and j S70 and 

under under under under 

$50. $60. S70. $80. 


$S0 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. M. 


F. M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 
















i 




























1 " 




















4 




7 




1 




2 
1 


\""\ 1"*" 




































































































































































































28 




2 




1 




































































































3 




















































































































































31 




2 




1 




1 


















. 1 .. 




































i 








5 
4 
1 




2 




1 
2 
































7 


5 






















.... 


3 










































— 






10 




8 




3 




7 ! 5| |.. j..... 










22 












































































1 








1 




1 
38 






























1 






6 


















1 






























1 


2 






3 


6 


4 


5 


7 


1 


3 






































'== 






2 






3 




4 I 5 


7 


li 3 


= 


























1 








.. 1 .... 

































.... .... 












3 




















1 






















9 
2 




19 

1 




2 




2 
































































"""!"" 






11 | ... 


20 




2 




2 








1 


















































3 


















1 




2 .... 


2 




1 

2 




























3 




2 




1 
















2 




1 .... 


3 


















1 








































9 




8 
1 








4 

1 




1 










































































9|.... 


9 








5 




1 










































I ... 






1 






















2 


1 4 






1 
































5 


96 | 7 1 £9 


32 11 


120 


19 153 12 


211 2 1 58 1 .. 52 i. .. ., 50 ....j 39 
1 : Mil 





d Including 1, rate not reported. 



« Including 1 under $10. 



/ Including S under $10. 



190 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTJPATIONS-Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CENTRAL UNION TELEPHONE COMPANY, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 


Number of em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 
under 
$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 
under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




9 

8 

9 
8 

7 


6 
1 

3 

10 


..... 

1 
17 
4 


6 
2 

4 

27 
4 










































Clerks 












1 
3 

2 










Do 














2 
1 




4 
1 


Do 
























Total 


13 


22 


35 












6 




3 




5 




8 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
8 
8 

9 
8 
6i 
6 
















11 
3 
1 

19 
2 

23 


...... 

3 

2 

166 

1 

11 


11 
3 
1 

19 
2 

23 
5 
3 

2 

166 

1 

11 














































































































































5 










Messengers 




3 










1 

67 

1 

2 




1 
29 




Do 








3 




59 




Do 








Do 












8 
























Total 




180 


180 








3 


= 


67 


= 


71 

4 
1 


= 


30 




8 

8 
6 






= 


= 






9 

9 
1 


9 

9 
1 




1 


Operators, chief assistant . . . 
Do... 


























































Total 




10 


10 
















1 








8 
9 
8 
8 
8 
9 
9 
























....„ 
....„ 
....„ 

19 


23 
....... 

"13' 


23 

11 
9 
2 

13 
3 

19 








19 




4 










Repairmen 

Stenographers 


































1 








































1 


































































Grand total 


114 


275 


389 


3 




22 




82 




79 




38 











CHESAPEAKE AND POTOMAC TELEPHONE COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MD. 



Clerks 


8 
(a) 


1 
3 


10 
5 


11 
8 
















1 


1 
3 


8 
2 


Do 


































Total. 


4 


15 


19 
















1 


4 


10 




8 
8 
8 

8 
7 


















..... 

2 


5 

5 
1 


5 

4 
2 

5 

1 


































































Matrons 




















5 
1 


Do 








































Total. 




6 


6 




















6 




8 

8 
7 
6^ 
6 
























7 


13 
3 
2 
1 


7 

13 
3 
2 
1 






4 








3 








Monitors 










1 






12 
3 
1 
1 


Do 


















Do 
















1 




Do 




































Total 




19 


19 












1 




1 




17 






._■ 




















a Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



191 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED HATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS-Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CENTRAL UNION TELEPHONE COMPANY, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


835 and 
under 
'840. 


S40 and 
under 
$45. 


845 and 

under 

850. 


850 and 
under 
860. 


860 and ; S70*nd 

under under 

S70. $80. 


880 and 
under 
890. 


890 and 8100 and 
under under 
8100. $125. 


S125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 










1 




3 
















2 




















1 










1 














1 












1 
3 






1 
2 


















3 


1 


2 




1 


2 


3 






1 






























1 




































3 


1 


2 




1 


4 


2 


3 




3 




1 
































1 


6 j 


3 






1 


























3 


























1 
5 













:::::::. 








1 


5 




7 
6 






1 








i 















1 
























9 














11 




4 














































































..... 




















i 






















....j 8 












i 
































1 






















.... 1 






































































.... 9 










































































.... 1 

.... 4 








1 












1 




1 
















3 
1 






1 






















































































....| 4 




4 








1 







































































































1 
...... 


...... 


5 


.... 


5 






















3 




2 




1 










































3 




6 


.... 

2 


2 


1 




















2 

4 




























1 






5 




5 .... 


l 




1 




























4 i 23 


7 I 14 1 ] 


5 i 


5 


29 


2 


20 1 


5 i 1 i 3 
































........ 







CHESAPEAKE AND POTOMAC TELEPHONE COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MD. 





1 
1 









1 
















...J I....L... 




1 








1 




















i i 






























2 




1 








1 




















I 


































1 




4 










































1 












i 




2 
























1 




1 




1 
































........ 


































































\ 













































= 


= 









































































































1 


























































































| 




















































— 











































































192 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
CHESAPEAKE AND POTOMAC TELEPHONE COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MD.— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 
$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 

1 

"i* 


F. 

143 

1 

26 

11 




8 
7f 
7 

64 
6 
5 
(a) 


l 
...... 

...... 


206 
13 
37 
41 
2 
10 
33 


207 
13 
37 
43 
2 
10 
34 




4 




14 
1 
1 
8 




11 
5 


29 
6 
10 
12 

1 


Do 


Do 








Do 




2 






8 
1 
1 
7 


1 


Do 


Do 














9 
12 


Do 




2 




3 




1 


7 






Total 


4 


342 


346 




8 




27 




33 


2 


65 


2 


202 




8 
61 


Operators, chief 




12 
1 
5 


12 

1 
5 




















1 


Do 




















Do 




















3 






















Total 




18 


18 




















4 

11 
2 
1 




8 

6* 

6" 




= 










— — 







r 


= 


Operators, senior 




13 

2 

1 


13 
2 
1 






Do 
















Do 






! 






























Total 




16 

1 

19 
1 
1 


16 

1 

19 
1 
1 






1 - - 








i 


= 


14 

r 

3 




8 

8 
7 
61 








111 






= 






























Do 




















Do 












































Total 




21 


21 




















3 
























~~6 


Grand total 


21 


443 


464 




8 


4 


27 




34 


5 


68 


257 







CHESAPEAKE AND POTOMAC TELEPHONE COMPANY, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



Clerks 


8 
8 
8 
8 

8 
8 
8 

8 
7 


...... 

2 
...„. 

1 


11 
2 

...... 

1 
8 

283 
1 


11 
2 
3 
2 
3 
8 
8 

284 
1 












2 




1 




5 


Clerks, chief 








































































2 




1 


Messengers 






6 


1 


1 






Monitors 










1 

35 
1 


1 


3 

142 


Operators 








54 




45 




Do 




























Total 


1 


284 


285 








54 




45 




36 


1 


142 




8 

n 

7 








Operators, chief 




9 
1 
1 


9 
1 
1 




















2 


Do 




















Do 




















1 






















Total 




11 


11 




















3 




8 
8 
8 
8 
8 






















Operators, chief, assistant . . 
Operators, senior 




1 
3 

19 
1 
2 


1 
3 

19 
1 

2 








































3 
3 


















1 




Supervisors, chief 
















Waitresses 




1 
















1 


















Grand total 


13 


346 


359 




1 


6 


55 


1 


47 




41 


1 


161 







a Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



193 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
CHESAPEAKE AND POTOMAC TELEPHONE COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MD.- Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 
under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 

$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 
under 
$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 

$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




3 




1 








1 
































































1 
















































































































i 






































....! i 








1 


































































4 




1 


....! 1 




1 




















































1 

1 

1 




4 


j 




3 








2 








1 








































1 
































































3 




4 


....] i 




3 








2 








1 


































1 






1 




I 














































































































































1 


















































































1 






























b: 


4 

1 




12 




































































1 










































































5 




13 




































































15 




20 




6 




5 






1 


2 


1 




1 


1 


1 




2 










CHESAPEAKE AND POTOMAC TELEPHONE COMPANY, WASHINGTON, D. C. 




1 




1 
1 




1 














| 
















1 








































1 




1 












1 
















• 










1 
























































































1 
6 




3 
1 












































































































































6 




1 




































































2 




1 












2 

1 




1 








1 


















































































































2 




1 












3 




1 








1 












































1 






































































2 




11 




1 
1 




1 






















































































































|--- 










12 




18 




4 




2 




3 


2 


1 


1 




1 


1 






1 











29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 13 



194 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 
under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 
under 
$30. 


$30 and 
under 
$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

9 

8 


7 

19 
6 
3 
1 
81 

1 

2 




7 
19 
6 
3 
1 
81 

1 
2 






















Agents 






















Battery men 






















































1 












Bookkeepers 




















Bricklayers 






















Do 












































Total 


3 




3 
























10 

8 






















Cable splicers 


1 
97 




1 

97 






















Do 












































Total 


98 




98 
























8 
8 

12 
10 

8 
























7 
2 

4 
9 
19 


"3* 


7 
5 

4 
9 
19 












































Chauffeurs, drivers, hos- 
tlers, and stablemen 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


32 




32 
























10 
9 

8h 
8 
5 
(d) 






















Clerks 


3 

1 

04 

6 524 

" "2 


"oh" 

cl69 
1 


3 

45 

693 

1 

2 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 






6 


..... 


5 


1 


6 


3 


13 


18 


Do : 






Do 










































Total 


«534 


/181 


745 






6 


1 


5 


1 


6 


3 


13 


18 




8 
8 
8 
8 

10 

8 






Clerks, chief 


17 

2 

0100 

55 
9 


3 

1 
3 
9 


20 

3 

103 

9 

55 
9 






















Clerks, chief, assistant 






















Collectors 


1 


















1 
1 


Compositors 














1 




Delivery men 








• 








Do 












































Total 


64 




64 
























8 
8 

12 
10 






















Draftsmen 


21 
1 

1 
5 




21 
1 

1 
5 






















Draftsmen, chief 






















Elevator conductors 






















Do 












































Total 


6 




• 
























10 
8 






















Engineers 


5 
10 




5 
10 






















Do 












































Total 


15 




15 















































a Not including 30, sex not reported. 
b Including 1, rate not reported. 
c Including 10, rate not reported. 
d Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



195 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and i $45 and 
under under 
$45. $50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 
under 
$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 

$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. ! M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. F. 














2 

1 
1 




3 
5 

1 
2 








2 
3 












1 
















3 
2 






3 

1 




3 




1 j 










1 






± 1 












1 
































































5 




63 .... 


12 i" 


1 


































1 
2 






































































































3 




















i 




































1 
20 






























1 




23 






14 




16 




13 




10 
































1 




23 


^^= 


21 ... 


14 




16 




13 




10 








== 








T 




















.... 


4 
























1 








2 








1 

... .. 






















4 
2 
11 






























1 






i 


5 
2 




1 
























6 


























































1 




17 




6 




7 








1 














































2 








1 


















1 
21 


































2 
29 


24* 


6 

38 


24" 


1 

26 


3 

98 




2 
33 










. 1 

65 














103 


6 


87 


3 




40 


i 28 


1 


3 


















1 




1 
















































22 


31 


24 


44 


?,4 


27 


103 


35 


104 


6 


89 


3 1 66 




40 


1 


28 


1 


3 ... 












1 


1 




2 




3 

1 
1 


....' 5 




3 .... 

1 ! 1 


2 


2 


1 








:::::::: 






1 


2 


i 

2 


20 


2 


9 

3 

49 - 


4 .... 


i 




! 


























e 






1 










L. 










1 




8 
















... .1.1 


































1 




"1 


6 












i 






















1 




2 








2! 


7 




1 




4 




3 : 
















1 
















1 






1 


















...... 










4 j 


1 




































































4 




1 




1 


































































4 




1 










































3 




2 




5 


















































4 




1 








3 




2 




5 














i 













«Not including 30, sex not reported, and including 1, rate not reported. 
/Not including 30, sex not reported, and including 10, rate not reported. 
Including 63, rate not reported. 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



196 

TABLE V.-KATES OF WAGES AND^MI^^l^™^ 

A.-CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS-Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL. -Continued. 





lours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 




Number of em- 
ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 

$20. 


$20 and $25 and 

under under 

$25. $30. 


}30 and 

under 

$35. 






M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




9 

8 

10 
9 


3 . 

8 . 

3 
3 




3 

8 

3 
3 






Engineers, assistant 






















Examiners 

Foremen 

D 






















Do 


8 


106 
112 




106 
112 






















Foremen, assistant 


10 

8 


1 




1 






















Do 


3 
4 




4 
























8 
8 

10 
8 
(a) 


1 

27 

1 
108 


...... 


1 

27 

1 
109 






















Frame men 

Inspectors 














::::. 




;;;;l 




Do 


1 

110 

3~ 
4 


j 


1 
111 






111: 
















Inspectors, chief 


8 
8* 

8 





3 

4 






















Do 

Total 


398 

402 




398 
402 






ZH 












2 






8 

8 

8 

15 
10 
9 
8} 
8 
6 
5 
2 
(a) 


2 
2 

6 

1 
15 

48 

""45' 
...... 

1 


""'3' 

...... 

3 
5 

2 
1 
2 


2 
5 

G 

1 

15 
49 
3 
50 
2 
1 
3 
1 




















Instructors 

Investigators, claims de- 






















partment 

Janitors - 

Do 






















Do 

Do 

Do 

Do 


V3' 




.... 


..... 


"5" 


..... 
1 


"2 


2 
1 
1 
1 


"3" 


""2" 

1 


Do 

Do 


"i 


"2 




















111 

113 
65 

2 


14 | 125 


*>4 


2 


1 


1 


5 


2 


2 
3 


5 


3 
3 


4 


Laborers 

Do 


10 

1 9 




113 

65 

2 








Do 

Do 

Total 


1 8 
fa) 


209 
2 

391 




209 
2 

391 














7 




12 






8 
8 

8 


308 
3 

39 


1 
2 


. 308 
3 

16 
41 


i 










1 




























Machinists 

Managers 

Do 




















. ..... 


Do 

Do 


7 
5 


11 
1 

. 66 


3 


11 
1 




.... 
•1- 
















1 

































a Not reported. 



b Including 2 under $10. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



197 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL.— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and $50 and 
under under 

$50. | $60. 


$60 and 
under 

$70. 


$70 and 
under 

$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


















2 




1 
1 






































7 
1 








































2 


















1 




2 

4 


























........ 




5 




24 




38 


....] 31 




4 




1 




1 


\" 








...1... 


A 


6 




5 




25 




38 


....33 




4 




.... 




1 




1 J 








1 






















1 ... 1... 




I 


2 


















1 

1 






























— 










1 


2 




1 






































































1 
1 























4 




14 




8 

1 
26 






















































1 




12 


1 


12 
, 1 






25 




12 




18 




2 




























































1 




12 


1 


13 




27 




25 




12 




18 




2 














1 




























2 




1 
















3 
119 




1 
145 






















1 




8 






99 




10 




6 




8 






















1 




8 




122 




146 




99 




10 




6 




8 


















































2 
2 

3 


























2 














1 






















1 






1 




1 




















1 
9 
41 




















1 




5 

6 




































1 




















































4 




2 




13 




12 






































































































































1 














































































5 




3 




24 




63 




1 




















































87 
6 
2 

48 




20 

59 






1 




























































i 


















6 




9 






123 
2 




8 


.... i ;.... 


1 






























































6 


9 




143 




204 




8 




1 




1 






























1 






12 




46 




36 




100 

1 

2 




111 

1 

2 
5 




1 

1 




























| 










4 

7 
7 










2 
6 




5 

7 


1 












1 


6 
2 
1 




fi 




3 






































































































18 


1 


9 




9 




7 




3 




8 




12 


1 


















198 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL.— Continued. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 
under 
$30. 


$30 aW 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




8J 

8 


9 
6 


..... 


9 






















Do... 












































Total 


15 


1 


16 
























1 ! 

5 










= 









1 










23 
9 
16 


23~ 
9 
16 


Do 












1 








Do... 














16 


























Total 




48 


48 












1 




17 








10 
8J 

8 




















3 
12 

67 




3 
12 

67 














1 

5 

31 




1 




Do 






2 
11 




5 

16 




Do 








8 
9 










Total. 


82 




82 






13 




21 




37 






8^ 
8 
61 
6 
5 
(a) 








5 
9 


1,662 

517 

1 

2 

1,185 
4 


1,667 

526 

1 

2 

1,185 
4 












25 
163 


1 


51 
136 


2 


497 
103 


Do 


1 


1 


3 


12 


4 


Do... 


Do.. 












2 

534 

3 










Do 




3 




113 






271 




219 
1 


Do 




















Total. 


14 


3,371 


3,385 


1 


4 


3 


125 


4 


727 


1 


458 


2 


820 




8i 






41 
38 
25 


41 
38 
25 






















Do 


8 ... 
















3 
1 




6 


Do 


5 








































Total 




104 


104 
















4 .... 


6 




? 


















Operators, chief, assistant... 
Do... 




5 

7 


5 

7 
















..1: 












































Total. 




12 


12 
























7 

f 


























2 
2 


175 


175 

2 
2 








175 


































Do... 
































! 








Total 


4 




4 




















8 

8 

. 8 

8| 

8 












1 










1 

261 
1 

( 6 ) 
11 


1 
























&1 

63 


261 

1 

8 
74 


















6 












































Do. 




















1 






















Total. 


6 11 


6 64 


82 




















1 




8 1 
8 

8§ 
8 
5 






















3 

7 


...] 3 
























7 
























310 
40 
193 


310 
40 
193 






















Do. 
















1 
2 




4 


Do... 
































Total .. 




543 


543 
















3 




5 




1- 



















a Not reported. 



b Not including 7, sex not reported. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



199 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL.— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


£■35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 
under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


















2 
2 




3 




1 




2 

1 




1 






1 










2 




1 






























...J 1 










2 




1 




4 




3 




1 




3 




1 








~ 


5 




.... 6 ... 


10 




1 


























6 














2 






















...J.. 
































































12 




10 




5 




1 












2 




































1 


















































































1 










































































1 




1 






































































1 


599 
96 




459 
4 
1 


1 


25 
2 


...... 


6 


















































































































36 




8 








1 




















































| 




































1 1 731 




472 


1 


27 


1 


7 
























































5 

7 




15 

7 
10 




7 


1 8 




5 








1 








7 
3 




8 
2 
















8 




1 










































10 




10 




12 




32 




15 




9 




5 








1 


































3 




2 




















3 




2 




2 






















































3 




2 




2 








3 




2 














































l 




































1 




1 

1 










































1 
































































1 




2 








1 






























































1 
51 
















2 




4 




3 




41 

1 




50 




80 






21 




3 






















1 






















| 














1 


7 


1 


18 


5 


24 


3 


13 






1 




































1 


1 


7 


1 


18 


5 


24 


3 


13 






1 










= 










































3 














































1 


1 


6 










11 

5 
35 




44 

6 

52 




252 
11 
79 








1 
1 








1 






15 

21 




































































36 




51 




102 




342 








2 








1 




1 





















200 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL.— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 
$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Supervisors, building 


8 
8 

8 


1 
192 

1 
49 




1 
192 

1 
49 
































































Do 










































Total 


50 




50 








































1 


= 




Testers, chief 


8 
8 
8 

15 
12 
10 
8 


17 

1 
12 

2 
3 
3 
1 

9 




17 
1 
12 

2 
3 
3 
1 




















Traffic chiefs 












































Watchmen 






















Do 






















Do 




















Do 










































Total . 




9 
























8 

10 
84 

8 
5 
(a) 






















Wire chiefs 


38 

5 

1 

127 

""2 


..... 

1 


38 

5 
1 
128 
1 
2 










1 










Miscellaneous 






















Do 






















Do 










2 


..... 


3 


1 


13 




Do 










Do 






































Total 


135 


2 


137 










2 j 1 | 3 


1 


13 














Grand total 


63,432 


c4,541 


8,010 


<*6 


6 


23 


302 


38 


732 57 


492 


60 


857 











CINCINNATI AND SUBURBAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, CINCINNATI, OHIO. 



Agents 


8 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
8 

9 
8 
6| 


1 
9 
2 
1 
17 
2 
1 

5 

42 


7 

26 

1 


1 
9 
2 
1 
17 
2 
1 

12 

68 

1 
















1 




Assemblers 
















1 




Battery men 


































































Carpenters 






















Cashiers 






















Clerks 




















5 

5 


Do 










1 


1 


4 


1 
1 


1 


Do 






























Total 


47 


34 


81 










== 


1 


4 


2 


1 


10 




8 
8 
8 
8 
(*) 
8 
8 
9 
9 
9 






===== 




Clerks, chief 


4 

10 
2 
1 
15 
1 
4 
35 
1 
4 




4 
10 

2 

r 

15 

1 

4 

35 
1 

4 




Collectors 














2 




i : 

| 


Draftsmen 














Draftsmen, chief 






















Drivers and hostlers 






















Elevator conductors 






















Engineers 






















Foremen 






















Foremen, assistant 






















Foremen, general ... 























a Not reported. 

b Not including 37, sex not reported, and including 1, rate not reported. 

c Not including 37, sex not reported, and including 10, rate not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



201 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CHICAGO TELEPHONE COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL.-Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 
































1 .... 








1 




47 




58 




53 

1 


....1 15 


11 


...J 7 






























1 




11 




15 


..... 16 




5 


.... 1 




........ 




















1 










1 




111 Ifi 


. J ifi 




5 


.... 1 










I 








1 








! ! 




3 ! i 14 
















i 




1 


1 












1 




9 


2 
























2 
3 

! 


L...I 




























i j ' 


























I 1 | 






....j.... 


1 






















1 i 


































































9 










































































5 


10 




1 




7 




9 












1 




2 




2 


I 












1 
33 


i 
















1 


2 




1 


.... 




23 


.... 28 .... 


10 




5 ...J 3 




3 




1 










1 








1 


I 




































1 




2 




2 


.... 37 




25 


.... 29 .... 


10 


... 6 




3 


••■•I 8 




40 


825 


48 


594 


246 


185 


834 


442 


578 


50 


634 


29 


406 


7 


182 


3 


163 


6 | 53 


1 



CINCINNATI AND SUBURBAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, CINCINNATI, OHIO. 





I 








1 


! 


1 








1 
















3 




6 
2 
1 
1 
2 

































:::::::::: 










1 
























1 




































. .... 


2 








13 






























1 


































1 








1 

3 


2 
4 






1 
2 


"5 


2 
12 








1 

3 


















4 


10 





9 






2 








1 








1 














































4 


6 


4 


10 


3 


5 


14 1 


9 




4 




2 








1 
































1 




1 








1 




1 




1 


2 




1 




3 




1 
2 














....:::: 












































1 
















1 










10 




4 
1 




1 






























































3 
15 








1 
9 














1 












1 






7 
1 
1 






2 












































! 




i 




2 











d Including 2 under $10. 
e Not reported. 



202 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CINCINNATI AND SUBURBAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, CINCINNATI, OHIO- 

Continued. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




9 

8 


79 
4 




79 
4 














1 








Do 










































Total 


83 


1 
1 


83 

27 

1 
1 














1 










9 

9 

8 


= 


= 


- — 


■ 


= 





======= 


= 


===== 




27 
























Do.. 












































Total. 




2 

7 
1 


2 

13 
3 
























9 
8 


6~ 
2 


al 


04 













3~ 


==== 


===== 






Do . 






































Total. 


8 


8 


16 


a\ 


o4 












3 








9 
9 
9 
9 
9 

9 
8 
6-1 




















31 
100 

2 
7 
1 


..... 

3 

1 
1 


31 

100 

2 

8 

1 

3 

1 
1 


















1 

3 




































































































2 






Do 


















1 


Do 
















1 
























Total 




5 


5 
















3 




1 




9 

8 


















Messengers 


1 


1 

8 
2 














1 
1 








Do 


8 


""2 






3 




3 


...... 




1 




Do 


























Total 


9 


2 


11 






3 




3 


2 


2 




1 






9 
9 
6 








15 


1 

328 
262 

1 


1 

343 

262 

1 
















Operators 






1 






22 
9 


2 


4 
219 


1 


275 


Do 






34 

1 




Do 






























Total 


15 


591 


606 






1 


35 





31 


2 


223 
3~ 


1 


275 | 

= 3 = ! 

1 




9 
9 
9 

8 
9 
9 

8 


= 


= 


Operators, chief 


3 

"~2 

1 

- 1 

2 

15 


19 
4 


22 
4 


Operators, chief , assistant. . . 
Painters 
















2 
1 

1 
2 
15 




















Paymasters, assistant 






















Porters 






















Solicitors 






















Do 














































Total 


17 




17 
























8 
( b ) 

9 

8 






















Stenographers 


2 
6 

1 
1 


15 


17 
6 

1 
1 






















Stock keepers 






















Superintendents 






















Do 












































Total 


2 




2 















































« Under $10. 



6 Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



203 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CINCINNATI AND SUBURBAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, CINCINNATI, OHIO— 

Continued. 



Number 01 employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 

1 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 






2 




10 




46 
4 




18 












1 




































































1 
2 








2 
~12~ 




10 




50 




18 












1 








— 


= 


= 


















13 






































1 




























1 








































































1 












1 














































... 










1 


...... 


4 
1 
























1 












1 
























































1 


1 


77 




1 


























1 








1 


















3 

7 








11 

26 




16 

20 

1 
























1 




3 






12 

1 
1 
1 




29 



















































2 


1 


2 




2 










































1 




























































































































































1 
































































































































































| 










... 


| 


































! 



























































6 


1 




i 




I 












i 






27 


1 








4 




















| 






































| 
































1 






1 






















6 


27 1 








4 
















1 






































1 1 9 

.... 1 


1 


3 


1 


1 
























2 






























1 




1 
1 





























1 































1 












































1 
1 




1 
11 






































3 






















































1 






2 




12 




3 


















6 






1 




















....: 5 


2 

4 


...... 


1 


...... 


2 




















































1 




















j 




























1 














































! 














1 












1 











i 
























....[.... 






204 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CINCINNATI AND SUBURBAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, CINCINNATI, OHIO— 

Concluded. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 


" io' 

6 
10 

2 

2 
12 

1 
14 


25 


25 
10 

6 
10 

2 

2 
12 

1 
14 










I 




















. .1 . 










Switchboard men helpers... 




















Testers 




















Testers, chief 




















Watchmen 




















Wire chiefs 




















Wiremen 




















Miscellaneous 








































Grand total 


531 


707 


1,238 


al 


a4 


4 


35 


4 


34 


11 


234 


8 


290 







CITIZENS TELEPHONE COMPANY, COVINGTON, KY. 



Battery men 


9 
9 

9 


1 
....... 

1 


...... 

2 
...... 

30 

27 
9 


1 

1 
3 
1 

1 

30 

27 

9 






















Clerks 






















Janitors 


al 


a2 


















Managers 


















Matrons 
















1 






Operators 


















30 


Do 












1 
4 




26 
1 




Do 




1 




3 














Total 




66 


66 




1 




3 




5 




27 




30 




9 
8 
9 
9 






1 

..... 


2 
...... 


3 

5 
1 




















1 


Solicitors 




















Supervisors 


































































Grand total 


6 


77 


83 


al 


c3 




3 




5 




28 




31 







CLEVELAND TELEPHONE COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO. 



Agents 


8 
8 
10 
9 

9 

8 

9 

8 


2 
11 

2 
25 

1 
2 

12 
21 


6 

29 


2 
11 

2 
25 

1 
2 

18 
50 


! 


















Bookkeepers 






















Bricklayers 






















Cable splicers 






















Carpenters 


i 

















Cashiers 


i 
















Clerks 














1 






Do 














2 


1 


3 


















Total 


33 


35 


68 














3 


1 j 3 




8 
8 
8 
9 

9 

8 


........ 












Clerks, chief 


2 
13 

1 
5 

5 
1 




2 
13 
1 
5 

5 
1 


i 


















Collectors 






















Collectors, chief 




















Drivers 






! 














Engineers . * 




















Do 

































i 


Total 


6 




6 






1 










.:....,.. 


















i 



a Under $10. 



b Not reported. 



c Including 2 under $10. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



205 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CINCINNATI AND SUBURBAN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, CINCINNATI, OHIO— 

Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


.... 

1 


25 




































2 




1 
2 




4 


1 




1 

















3 

4 




























4 




2 

































1 




1 
















2 






































i 

1 
6 


3 




6 




2 




























1"'" 


















7 




1 


















































29 


69 


20 


26 


88 


9 


123 


3 j 118 


2 


80 


1 


18 




21 I...J 5 




1 .... 



CITIZENS TELEPHONE COMPANY, COVINGTON, KY. 





1 






...J 1 .-. 


1 1 










; ! 








■"t:::: 






















































.:::.: 






1 










1 




























































! 1 













i 














i 


i 






i 


















- 


i i 


















































t : i 






1 


= 





= 


===== 


= 






= 


= 


. 






1 




















;:::r"i" 





















5 




















•■*• 








i 












1 — 




i 










1 6 .... 


1 




...J 3 










1 










1 




i 






1 











CLEVELAND TELEPHONE COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO. 





































2 






i 








1 
1 
6 




6 




3 








1 























1 
5 
















j 










7 




4 

1 
1 

1 






3 
























































1 














"31 


1 
9 




1 


4 

7 


"s 


6 
5 














.... 12 | 


5 




3 
































= 


15 1 


10 




1 


11 


3 


11 




6 ! ... 


3 






























i 






















1 








1 












3 




7 




3 


























1 




























5 








































1 




2 




2 












. r 




....i.. 
























1 




| 
















































1 




2 




2 


| 








1 




= 




























206 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CLEVELAND TELEPHONE COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




9 

9 
10 


1 

11 
1 




1 














11 

1 






















Do 












































Total 


12 


1 " 
























9 
9 

9 

8 
























2 

7 

7 

7 


2 

:::: ; 

l| 8 


































































Do 













































Total 


14 


1 15 


















9 
8 
9 

9 




























32 
-y 

4 
40 


12 


32 
5 
19 

4 
40 




























































12 






Laborers 




















Do j 10 












































Total 


44 




44 














































9 

9 

8 


27 

6 
1 




27 

6 
1 












































Do 










































Total 


7 




7 
























9 

9 

8 
























....„ 


3 

1 


3 

1 

4 






















Messengers 












1 










Do 










1 


3 
























Total 


4 


1 


5 








1 


1 


3 










9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
8 
9 
8 
9 
8 
10 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
















3 

2 

1 

..... 

...„. 

3 
...... 

4 

31 

1 

5 

5 
1 


319 
4 

27 
23 

8 

""'36' 

.... 


322 
6 

28 

23 
1 
4 
8 
2 
3 

36 
1 
4 

31 
1 
5 
5 
2 


1 


1 


1 9 




117 




116 




56 




Operators, chief, assistant... 
Operators, student 










1 




13 




3 








23 




Painters 


















Servers 










1 


3 




1 


Stenographers 










1 


Stock keepers . . . 










l 








Superintendents 
















Supervisors 










3 


... 8 




5 


Testers 










Tile layers 


















Trouble men 












1 


1 




Watchmen 














Wire chiefs 






















Wire chiefs, assistant 






















Miscellaneous 












1 






























Grand total 


320 


479 


799 


1 


1 


1 


32 


1 


123 


3 


155 


2 


68 







CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



207 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.-CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CLEVELAND TELEPHONE COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO— Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 
under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 














1 














































1 




10 






































1 






































































1 




10 




1 










































































2 












6 








1 










































7 
1 
























1 


1 






1 










2 




1 




1 
































1 


1 






1 








8 




2 




1 




1 




























1 












8 




18 




5 
























4 






1 






















3 






4 

1 
8 


























?, 






1 
26 








































3 




3 














































2 








27 




9 




3 




3 
























































5 




2 
1 




20 

1 






































1 




3 
1 


























































































1 




1 








1 




4 






































1 




1 








1 
























































































....|.... 






1 




















































































































16 


1 


4 

1 
2 




































1 
2 


...... 


2 

1 






1 




1 


















5 


























































1 




































































2 




1 


.... 


1 


...... 


2 








2 


































































1 




2 






9 




11 




































1 
3 

14 




































1 








































16 
































1 








































4 
2 








1 




























3 
































1 






















~ 


i8 


































12 


35 


31 


5 


C6 


9 


73 




78 3 


25 




10 




8 




6 





208 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V — RATES OF WAGES 



AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

COLORADO TELEPHONE COMPANY, DENVER, COLO. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 


Number of em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 
under 
$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Adjusters 


8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

10 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

10 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 


1 
9 
1 

17 

16 
2 

25 
3 

19 
1 
1 
4 
5 
1 
9 
4 
2 
4 

28 

"io 

4 
43 
6 

13" 

...... 

....... 

2 
2 

""u 

2 
6 
1 
17 
4 
1 
1 


"56' 

..„. 

1 

'" " 4 ~ 
2 
5 

"339' 

8 

...„. 

"hi' 
...... 


1 
9 
1 

17 

16 
2 

81 
3 

19 
1 
1 
4 
5 
1 
9 
4 
2 
4 

28 
4 

11 
4 

43 

10 
2 
5 

13 

339 

8 

1 

11 
3 
2 
2 

31 

14 
2 
9 
1 

17 
4 
1 
1 






















Agents 






















Blueprinters 






















Bookkeepers 






















Cable splicers 






















Cashiers 






















Clerks 
















6 


2 


2 


Clerks, chief 






...J 








Collectors 












2 








Draftsmen 






"'"- 












Draftsmen, chief 






'"""1 














Elevator conductors 






















Engineers 






















Engineers, assistant 






















Foremen 






















Foremen, assistant 






















Framemen 






















Inspectors 












































Instructors 




























1 
















Laborers 


ol 


















Linemen 




















Managers 

Managers, assistant 










































Matrons 






















Messengers 










7 


"2 

8 


4 


"67" 


2 


"4l" 


Operators 










Operators, student 








::::::::: 




















Stenographers 






















Stock keepers 






















Superintendents 






















Superintendents, assistant. . 
Supervisors 










































Switchboard men 




















Teamsters 












































Treasurers, assistant 












































Wire chiefs 






















Wiremen 






















Miscellaneous 












































Total -. 


282 


464 


746 


ol 




1 





7 


10 


6 


73 


4 


43 







CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, LOUISVILLE, KY. 



Battery men 


9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 

10 
9 


1 
1 
4 
4 
2 
2 
2 

-y 


...... 

2 

1 


1 
1 
5 
4 
2 
2 
2 

2 

8 






















Blacksmiths 






















Bookkeepers 












































Cashiers 






















Carpenters 






















Chauffeurs 






















Clerks 




















1 


Do 


















1 




















Total 


7 


3 


10 


















1 


1 




9 
9 
9 
9 


















Clerks, chief 


....... 

2 
9 


1 


1 
3 
2 
9 






























Draftsmen 






















Electricians 























a Under $10, 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



209 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTPATIONS-Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

COLORADO TELEPHONE COMPANY, DENVER, COLO. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 
under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 

$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


























1 
4 
































1 














2 




2 








1 
































1 




1 

6 




1 




6 
3 




3 
1 




2 
6 




3 










































1 
2 
1 




1 






5 


1 


13 


2 


8 


2 


16 


2 


6 


3 

1 
9 
1 




9 

1 
1 




2 
















2 








1 




4 


































































1 












4 




















































1 








1 




1 
1 
3 








2 






















































1 




2 
3 






1 
1 




2 






























1 
















1 

1 
6 


























2 
6 


"""a" 


1 
12 


"T 


































4 
















































1 






8 
1 
5 


1 
























1 


1 
3 


"2 

1 

1 




































34 




1 
2 
























2 












3 




1 
















i 




















2 






1 










1 












































169 




55 




3 




1 












1 
























































1 
1 


































2 


2 


5 


?, 




1 




1 






























































2 
































1 




1 








1 




15 




9 


4 


5 





1 
















1 




4 


































2 












1 






3 










2 




3 








































1 
























4 




13 




































1 




3 
































1 

1 






















































































4 


175 


7 


86 


7 


27 


36 


30 


29 


14 


76 


2 


55 


3 


18 


1 


20 




11 





CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, LOUISVILLE, KY. 











1 










































1 




































2 


1 




1 
1 


































3 
































1 


















1 




1 


















1 




















1 




1 






























"2" 


1 
1 








































1 




2 
















1 




































2 


2 










1 




2 
















1 








= 


= 


= 


= 




































1 


















1 




1 
1 
3 




1 






















1 

1 










































3 




i 
















1 





29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 14 



210 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Table V.— BATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, LOUISVILLE, KY.— Con. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
12 

10 

7i 


5 
2 
9 
3 
4 
28 
1 
1 

2 
3 


...... 


5 
2 
9 
3 
4 
28 
1 
1 
1 

2 
3 
















































































1 




1 




























































































1 




















2 

3 














Do 






































Total. 


5 




5 






5 












I 




10 
9 

&h 
8 
6£- 
5§ 
5 
4§ 
















1 







53 

8 
9 
5 
6 
2 
6 
29 
1 


53 
8 
9 
5 
6 
2 
6 

29 
1 












7 




33 
5 
6 
3 
3 




13 

1 


Do 












Do 












3 
2 
3 
1 
3 




Do 
















Do 
















Do. . 














1 


Do... 








3 
15 










Do... 




14 












Do 


4 






1 






























Total 




119 


119 




14 




18 




20 




50 




15 




10 
5 








4 
2 


4 
2 






















Do 




















1 






















Total 




6 


6 




















1 




10 
9£ 
9 

5i 
5 






















Operators, chief, assistant. . 
Do 




2 
1 
1 
1 
1 


2 
1 
1 
1 
1 




















1 




















Do 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 




6 


6 




















1 




9 
9 
9 
12 
9 
9 
9 

10 
9* 

5 






















Operators, student 


...... 

7 

1 

...... 

1 


3 
...... 

2 
1 
1 

1 


3 
1 

7 
1 
1 
1 
1 

2 
1 
1 
1 




"3 


















Repair men 


















Solicitors 






















Stablemen and teamsters . . . 


































































Superintendents 










































2 


Do 




















Do 
















1 






Do 












1 




























Total 




5 


5 












1 


= 


1 


= 


2 




9 

8 


9~ 
1 


= 


= 


— 





= 






9 
1 




Do 












































Total 


10 




10 
























9 
9 
9 
9 






















Watch-men 


1 
5 
2 
2 




1 

5 
2 
2 






















Wire chiefs 






















Wire chiefs, assistant 






















Miscellaneous 












































Grand total 


126 


146 


272 




617 


5 


19 




21 


1 


51 


2 


20 









a Under $10. 



b Including 3 under $10, 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



211 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, LOUISVILLE, KY.— Con. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 
under 

$45. 


$45 and 

und^r 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 
under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 

under 

$100. 


$100 and 

under 

$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 






















5 
































1 
1 

1 

2 

10 

1 




1 
3 






























5 
























































2 

4 


















































14 
























































































1 


































































1 
























1 










....|.... 


































I 


























...J 












= 


= 


= 


■ 


= 


= 


'== 


= 


= 


=== 


- 


! 


= 











' 






















2 





































































































































































































































































































































































... , 







































































1 

1 




1 




1 
















1 














































































■--J 2 




1 




1 
















1 








































j 




1 




















1 
































1 
1 

1 


















































































































































3 




1 




1 














































































































1 
1 
1 
































2 










1 




1 




2 










































































































































1 


















































; 


1 




















































































































































































































































9 














































1 





































































9 








1 



















— 


= 


— 






























1 




































1 


































1 












1 




























2 
































































12 


9 


4 





































212 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, NASHVILLE, TENN. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 


Number of em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




10 

8 
10 
8 

10 
9 


1 
5 
5 

1 

....... 


2 
1 


1 
5 
5 
1 

2 
1 
9 
























































































Clerks 




















1 
1 


Do 




















Do... 


8 














































Total 


9 


3 


12 




















2 


























1 
5 
1 

16 
1 

17 
2 

3 

2 




1 
5 
1 

16 
1 

17 
2 

3 

2 
























10 
























10 
10 
10 
10 

8 

10 




































1 










































1 








Managers 






















2 

a?, 




1 
















Do 


4 




















i 

















Total 


5 




5 |M 


,...| i 






























Operators 10 




13 

2 

117 

17 
6 
2 
5 
1 
9 
2 


13 

2 
118 

17 
6 
2 
5 
1 
9 
2 
















12 
2 
71 
13 






Do 


9* -- 




















Do 


q 2 


1 




1 


1 


22 
2 
5 




21 

1 






1 


Do 


8 

7 

6 

5§ 

4* 

4 

3* 


Do 












Do 










2 
2 






Do 








1 




2 

1 








Do 












Do 




7 
2 




1 












Do 




























Total 


i 


174 


175 




10 1 


31 




27 




102 




1 




9 
5 
4* 

4 






Operators, chief 




6 

2 

. 1 

1 

1 


6 
2 
1 
1 
1 




















2 


Do 




















Do 
















1 






Do 


















1 


Do 










































Total 




11 


11 
















1 




3 




9 

5 
10 

8 
10 

9 
10 
10 
( c ) 
10 
10 
10 


















Operators, chief, assistant . . . 


...... 

....... 

""4" 

3 

1 

10 
3 
3 


2 

1 

...... 

...... 


2 
1 
2 
1 
2 
3 
4 
3 
1 

10 
3 
3 
























1 


















Porters 










1 




1 




Stenographers 














Supenntendents 




















Supervisors 
















3 


1 


Switchboard men 
















::::::::: 


Teamsters 






















Testers 






















Trouble men 






















Wire chiefs 






















Miscellaneous 








































1 


Grand total 


98 


195 


293 


2 


11 


2 


31 




27 


3 


106 


i 


6 







a Under $10, 



b Including 2 under $10. 



Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



213 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, NASHVILLE, TENN. 













Number of employees whose monthly rates 


were — 












$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 
under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 














1 










































3 




2 
3 




























1 




1 






































1 


















1 








































































1 








4 








2 




2 


















































1 


1 






4 








2 




2 




















= 














































1 
2 




































3 

1 
1 
























































2 




3 

1 




9 






















































2 










11 




2 




1 
1 












































1 





































































































































































































1 












































































1 
1 
































































































































































































































































































































































3 












































































1 
1 




1 
1 




1 












1 






















































































































1 






















1 


















































3 




2 




1 












1 


















































1 








1 




















































































































1 
















































1 








1 




















































1 
1 




2 




1 
























2 










































1 
2 
3 

1 
































1 




7 




























































2 






































































5 


7 


4 


3 


12 


1 


31 




15 




14 


1 


5 








1 




1 













214 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, NEW ORLEANS, LA. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Agents 


8 


2 
2 




2 
2 






















Do 














































Total 


4 




4 
























8 
10 
10 

8 

10 
9 

8 
(o) 






















Bookkeepers 


6 

27 
1 
3 

5 

"io" 

2 


13 

1 


6 

27 

1 

3 

5 

2 

23 

3 






















Cable splicers 






















Carpenters 






















Casniers 






















Clerks 






















Do 




















2 
3 


Do 








1 




7 








Do 










1 
























Total 


17 


16 


33 








1 




7 




1 




5 




8 
8 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 

9 

8 








Clerks, chief 


1 

5 

1 

4 

5 

1 

16 

2 

1 

26 

20 




1 

5 

1 

4 

5 

1 

16 

2 

1 

26 

20 

1 
2 






















(Collectors 


















1 




Custodians 


















Drivers 






















Electricians 






















Engineers 






















Foremen 






















Foremen, general 






















Foremen, general assistant. . 






















Inspectors 






















Installers 














1 




2 




Janitors 










1 
2 






Do 




2 








































Total 




3 


3 








3 
















10 
10 

10 

8 






















Laborers 


3 

55 

1 

1 




3 

55 

1 
1 






















Linemen 






















Managers 






















Do 












































Total 


2 




2 






















9 

10 
8 
6 






















Matrons 


4 

1 
2 


3 


3 

4 
1 
2 


1 


1 








2 










Messengers 


3 






1 








Do 




1 












Do 






2 


































Total 


7 




7 


1 




5 




1 














6i 

9 
8 
7 
&i 

SJ 

(a) 












Monitors 




1 

152 
13 
9 
9 
2 
4 


1 

152 
13 
9 
9 
2 
4 




















1 

8 
11 


Operators 








6 
1 
9 




36 
1 




102 




Do 








Do 














Do 














1 
2 
3 




8 


Do 
















Do 












1 
























Total 




189 


189 








16 




38 




108 




27 
2 




9 
8 
6* 










Operators, chief 




11 

1 
1 


11 

1 
1 














1 


Do 
















Do 












































Total 




13 


13 
















1 




2 





















o N ot reported. 



CHAPTER 111. — GENERAL TABLES. 



215 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.-CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS-Cont'd 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, NEW ORLEANS, LA. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 














1 




1 
















































2 






















































1 




1 


i 










2 
























! 




























2 

1 
1 
1 

1 


.... 4 
.... 8 




















13 








1 




3 






1 




















































j 








1 








1 




1 




2 




1 






























""1 




















1 




1 










4 
2 




4 




2 








































































1 


1 


2 


>l » 








7 




4 




2 










































1 












1 




















1 




2 










1 






































1 
























4 


































1 






1 








2 












1 




















1 
































1 






3 




10 








2 


































2 




































1 














1 
2 








9 




12 
1 




4 














1 




9 






4 






























































































































1 






































i 
































2 

21 










1 
4 

1 


































! 






30 




























1 
































j. 


























1 










1 










































1 
























1 


























































































































































































































































































































1 






























































































































































































































































































































































































= 


===== 


= 


= 





= 






3 




2 




2 












1 








1 
























.... 


1 










































































4 


.... 


2 




2 




1 








1 









































216 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, NEW ORLEANS, LA.— 

Concluded. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 






Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 
under 
$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Operators, chief assistant. . . 
Do 


9 

8 




2 
1 


2 
1 




































1 


























Total 




3 


3 
















1 








8 
5 


























4 
29 


4 

29 




2 
29 








1 




1 






Do.. 


















. 












Total 




33 


33 




31 








1 




1 








10 
10 

8 

9 
10 

8 
6i 
















1 
2 

..... 


...... 

9 

1 
1 


1 
2 
2 
9 
5 

1 
1 




















































































7 






















Telegraph operators 

Do 




















1 
1 








































Total 




2 


2 




















2 




10 
10 
10 
10 
























5 

5 
2 
8 




5 
5 
2 

8 










































































1 
































Grand total 


235 


274 


509 


1 


32 


5 


20 1 


48 


1 


112 


3 


44 











MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS UNDER 5,000 POPULATION. 




8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

10 

8 


4 
...„. 

1 
...„. 

6 
3 
5 

1 

58 


'17 
...... 

25 
10 

" i" 


4 

17 

1 

2 

25 

12 

6 

3 

6 

1 

58 






















Bookkeepers 




02 




1 




3 




8 




3 


Cable splicers 


Cashiers 




















1 
4 
1 


Clerks 








3 




9 

1 


.... 


8 
5 






bl 


c3 




Foremen 








Inspectors 






















Janitors 


d\ 




1 






1 










Linemen 














Do 


















2 






















Total 


59 




59 


















2 






8 
8 
8 

8 




















39 
6 
1 

13 


2 
1 

332 

1 


41 
7 
1 

345 

1 


2 




1 




1 








2 


1 

1 










Messengers 






1 
3 














Operators 


aQ 


e47 


131 


2 


111 

1 




35 




7 


Do.. 






















Total 


13 


333 


346 


06 


e47 


3 


131 


2 


112 




35 




7 




8 
8 
8 
8 
8 


Operators, chief 


1 

'"30" 
13 


1 

1 

2 

...... 


2 
1 
2 
30 
14 






1 










1 






Operators, student 




bl 






























1 




1 
a2 
















4 


Wire chiefs 








1 




1 


















Grand total 


184 


395 


579 


<7l6 


A53 


7 135 


4 


126 


2 


57 


8 


19 











a Including 1 under $10. 
b Under $10. 



c Including 2 under $10. 
d Including 3 under $10. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



217 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A..-CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTJPATIONS-Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, NEW ORLEANS, LA.— 

Concluded. 













Number of employees 


whose monthly 


rates were- 














$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 
under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 
under 

$70. 


$70 and 
under 
$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 

$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




1 




1 












































































































1 




1 






























































































































































































1 




















...J.... 
















1 




















i 
















. 1 


1 




























1 








1 


































2 


























2 






, 


























1 


1 


...J 2 

1 




1 



































































:::::;;::: 






L... 






....... 










1 




























!.... 


....I 


































































1 








2 
1 




2 




1 
























1 
1 
2 




2 
1 
3 










1 




































1 




2 
























































40 


8 


18 


4 


14 


2 


25 


3 


59 




37 


1 19 




l 




7 




4 





MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS UNDER 5,000 POPULATION. 











2 




1 




i 




1 






1 




















i 






1 




















1 


1 
1 










1 
































| 










1 


















1 




















































1 




3 




2 




i 










| 






1 




2 






1 


























i 


i 










1 


















1 








1 


















10 




4 




Q 




2fi 




7 




1 . 





































10 




4 




9 


.... 27 


! 7 


.... I...J 


1 


1 


j 


















1 


1 
2 








9 

1 


! 9 

1 3 


.... 8 


.... 1 
1 


.... 1 


-•| 2 


.... 


2 
























! 














1 


2 






| 




i 


1 


1 
















! 




....' '....1 


| 














i 












1 


2 




....|....| 


| 


1 


...J 1 ... 


1 


































....! 






1 


...J | 






















.. I 






l 




























1 






i 
















4 




6 




4 




.... n 







i 


















2 


1 


5 


... 2 




























.... 






2 




~2 




15 


3 


17 




16 


....| 54 


2 | 29 


...J 10 
I 


....| 1 |....| 1 







e Including 8 under $10. 
/ Not reported. 



q Including 6 under $10. 
h Including 12 under $10. 



218 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS 5,000 TO 15,000 POPU- 
LATION. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Agents 

Bookkeepers 

Cashiers 


8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
. 8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 


15 
2 

""2" 

1 

10 

1 

3 

11 

52 

15 

1 

2 


"*i2" 

1 

16 
18 

1 

"2* 

"216" 

2 


15 
14 
1 

18 

19 

11 

1 

3 

13 

52 

15 

1 

212 

2 

4 

2 

2 

12 

15 

1 
































1 




3 




6 












Clerks 

Collectors 




2 




1 
3 




3 

8 




9 
2 




1 

2 


Foremen 





Inspectors 

Installers 


...J. ...I..-.. 


























2 




Janitors 


o4 \b2\ 2 i 

1 1 1 


2 




1 

1 










1 


Managers 


"";""[""'; 1""" 








1 




""'1 ' " l""" 














cl 


dlS .... 57 .... 


108 


1 


20 

1 

2 

1 




11 
1 
1 




Stenographers 









I 










"2" 

12 
15 

1 


2 










1 




Testers 






"'"1 


































...J .. J . 












Wire chiefs, assistant 

























1 1 












Total 


145 


268 


413 


«5 


m 


2 


61 


2 


121 


3 


38 


2 


22 







MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS 15,000 TO 25,000 POPU- 
LATION. 



Agents 


8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

8 
1 


7 
..„. 

...... 

1 
2 
4 
1 
2 
4 

2 


..... 

...... 

17 
....... 

1 
1 


7 
4 
4 
1 
20 
1 
8 
4 
1 
2 
4 

3 
1 






































2 


























Cashiers 






















Clerks 




1 




2 




1 




8 




3 


Clerks, chief 














3 




2 




1 




































Inspectors 






















Installers 














1 

1 




1 


1 


Janitors 














Do 




cl 
































Total 


2 


2 


4 




cl 










1 






1 




8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 














Linemen 


29 
6 

'"'9' 

....„ 

11 
2 


"ii9" 

"T 
2 


29 
6 
119 
9 
1 
2 
8 
11 
2 














1 




1 




Managers 














Operators 




&3 




19 




38 




47 




9 


Solicitors 


Stenographers 


































1 








1 


Trouble men 


















Wire chiefs 






















Wire chiefs, assistant 


































43 


~~ 3 




2 




Grand total 


95 


152 


247 




«5 




21 


59 


15 







a Including 2 under $10. 



b Including 1 under $10. 



c Under $10. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



219 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS 5,000 TO 15,000 POPU- 
LATION. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 














6 




4 
1 




3 




2 
















1 


2 




























1 




































.... 


.... 


1 








1 .. 




















1 




1 




I 




1 


















1 
1 
1 




1 


2 




























::::::l 










::::::, 














































1 
1 













1 
12 














........ 








13 






6 




17 




2 

4 


















i ... 




4 








4 




3 


















1 














1 










1 




























































1 




































1 




































1 
2 

1 








1 
2 

1 




! 


































6 ! 

1 


2 
8 
































3 




1 






















1 




















2 


2 




























i 


18 


5 


12 


l i as 




36 


1 14 




7 








4 




3 























MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS 15,000 TO 25,000 POPU- 
LATION. 















3 




3 








1 


























2 






















1 


















3 


















1 

1 














































3 


1 






























1 




























1 




1 








































1 
1 
1 




3 






































































1 
















1 








1 

































1 




















































































































1 










































































1 








7 




7 




12 




































2 




1 








3 






3 






































4 




3 




2 


























1 










































































5 




3 
7 




























1 
1 










1 
1 




2 














































































1 3 


5 


4 


1 


9 


2 1 20 




34 


1 


10 




6 




1 








3 

















d Including 4 under $10. 



Including 3 under $10. 



/ Including 5 under $10. 



220 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES 



OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 
A— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS 25,000 POPULATION AND 

OVER. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under . 
$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 
under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 


2 

13 
6 

38 
2 

89 
7 

30 
6 
1 
7 
1 

28 
9 

14 

44 

""io" 

70 

218 
7 

'"is 
...... 

1 

2 
20 
3 
3 
1 

"'ih' 

3 
11 
28 
9 
23 
3 
2 
1 


2 
2 

""2 

73 

"5* 

...... 

1 
1 

....... 

2 

8 

549 

5 

"'25' 

~"U 
...... 


2 

15 
8 

38 

4 

162 

7 

35 
6 
1 
7 
1 

28 
9 

14 

44 
1 

11 

71 

218 

7 

6 

15 
8 
555 
6 
2 

20 

28 
3 
1 

14 

15 
3 

12 

28 
9 

23 
3 
2 
1 






















Agents 
















1 






Bookkeepers 


















1 


Cable splicers 




















Cashiers 






















Clerks 








2 




2 


1 


17 


2 


17 


Clerks, chief 
























1 




1 








































Engineers 






















Engineers, assistant 

Foremen 
































































Inspectors 






















Installers 






















Instructors 






























1 










1 




















Linemen .... 














2 




1 




Managers 


























1 








5 








4 


2 


3 


4 












1 
139 




1 
112 


Operators 




«5 


1 


107 


3 


109 


1 


Operators, chief 


Repair men 




























































1 




2 


Stock keepers 


















































1 




4 




5 














Teamsters 






















Testers 














1 


1 






Trouble men 








































Wire chiefs . . . 










1 
































Wiremen 




























































165 


4 


144 


Total 


746 


697 


1,443 




a5 


5 


112 


7 


113 


9 







NEBRASKA TELEPHONE COMPANY 


OMAHA, NEBE 










Agents 


8 
8 
8 

10 

8 


1 

8 

11 


"2" 


8 
2 

1 
19 


































1 






1 












1 


Clerks 




















Do 
















1 


2 ! i 


















Total 


12 


8 


20 
















1 


s| 1 




8 
8 
8 

10 

8 
















Clerks, chief. . 


2 
6 
1 

11 
11 




2 
6 

1 

11 
11 




1 










1 
















1 














































Do 












































Total. 


22 




22 














































a Including 1 under $10. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



221 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE COMPANY, TOWNS 25,000 POPULATION AND 

OVER. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 

$60. 


$60 and 
under 

$70. 


$70 and 
under 
$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 

$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 
























1 
1 








1 

3 
1 
4 

2 
5 
1 




















2 




2 
1 
2 


1 


4 
3 
16 












1 
1 














1 














1 


""2 

7 


1 


8 






4 




2 
















2 


7 


8 




11 


12 


5 


13 


3 


25 




18 






2 




3 

6 














1 


1 


6 




17 
2 


1 


5 

1 


1 


1 
1 




















1 




1 


















1 
























1 








1 












3 




2 
























1 

2 














1 




1 








6 

1 

3 

14 




9 
8 
3 






6 




2 




1 


































3 




1 




1 




3 




2 




2 




6 




20 


...... 


























1 
15 

7 


...... 


5 
30 

7 




2 
20 

62 




1 
5 

20 






















































78 




41 


























1 




1 




5 


































1 




1 




































6 
23 




































41 






8 


1 


2 
3 








2 








1 












2 










1 














:::::::: 




1 






1 

6 




















i.... 






5 

1 
1 


"e" 


7 


.... 








2 










2 


1 


4| 1 


6 


...... 


3 














1 










































1 




1 


1 


.... 


....!.|t 


1 








1 




















6 
3 
3 
4 

3 

2 




5 






1 




































1 




3 

1 








3 
8 
1 
3 
























! 






15 
1 
11 


























































1 

1 
1 




2 




2 




































1 




























I'""" 
























1 








































30 


52 


62 


44 


101 


27 


119 


15 


154 


14 


146 


3 


43 




13 


3 


29 




24 











NEBRASKA TELEPHONE COMPANY, 


OMAHA, 


NEB] 


R, 






















..... 






" f 


1 
1 
































2 




2 




























1 
















.... 


1 
2 




..„. 


"i 


















1 


1 




4 


2 




































1 


1 




4 


2 


1 


3 




3 




1 






j 






































..... 








"1 




1 












1 
















3 






























1 
















3 












1 








6 
3 










1 










3 
















5 














































3 | 3 








1 








9 




5 








1 
































222 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
NEBRASKA TELEPHONE COMPANY, OMAHA, NEBR.— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 
under 
$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




10 

8 


3 

8 




3 

8 






















Do 












































Total 


11 




11 
























8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

10 

8 
















-.■ 






5 

11 

24 

...„. 

6 

42 
52 


...... 


5 
11 

24 
1 
9 
6 

42 
52 









































































































I 




















1 




















32 




Do 




































Total 


94 




94 


















32 






8 
8 
8 

8 

7 




















3 

"**T 

1 


....„ 

2 

3 
1 


3 
3 
3 

4 

1 










1 












Matrons 








2 
2 
























1 
1 








Monitors 


















Do 










































Total.. 


1 


4 


5 














1 










8 
7 




















Operators 




256 

1 


256 
1 








14 




39 




52 
1 




84 


Do 




























Total 




257 


257 








14 




39 




53 




84 




8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 










Operators, chief 


...„. 

3 

""9" 
13 
2 
7 
1 


15 
3 

"i3" 


15 
3 
3 
3 

13 
9 

13 
2 
7 
1 




















2 
1 


Stenographers . . 








































Students 






















Supervisors 






















Switchboard men . . 














1 








Testers 




















Trouble men 






















Wire chiefs 






















Miscellaneous 












































Grand total 


255 


308 


563 








18 


1 


39 


4 


54 


34 


88 













NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS. 



Adjusters 


81 

9 

8§ 


7 

9 
35 




7 

9 
35 


1 










1 




Agents 


1 
















Do 
















1 




















Total. 


44 




44 


1 




















8| 
9 

9f 
8i 

9 

8f 

8i 




















Bookkeepers 


50 

31 

3 

1 

i" 

181 


11 

2 

34 

212 


61 

31 

3 

1 

2 

35 

393 


1 












3 


1 




Cable splicers 


...1... 












Carpenters 


1 


















Cashiers 


l 


















Clerks 


] 
















1 
2 
9 


Do 


1 












1 
53 


"9" 


Do 




2 




1 


18 


4 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



223 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

NEBRASKA TELEPHONE COMPANY, OMAHA, NEBR.— Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 

$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 
under 

$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 

$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


















2 
















1 
2 


























1 




1 




2 






2 










































2 




1 




1 




2 




3 




2 










































1 
4 
5 




2 
2 
2 




2 
1 
























2 
4 




2 
11 


















2 


























1 
























2 
5 

9 
17 


4 
1 




3 






















































1 










































8 




7 




20 














































1 








26 




8 




7 




20 
















































































2 






1 










































































1 




1 
1 








1 
































































































1 




2 








1 


























































56 




9 








2 
































































































56 




9 








2 






















































2 

3 

.... 

1 


2 
1 




6 
1 




1 




1 




3 


















































1 




























































1 


"a 

3 


9 


"i" 

2 


3 






























2 
5 






























1 




1 

2 
2 


















































1 




1 
1 






2 












1 


































































12 


63 


12 


31 


38 


6 


35 


4 


35 


4 


49 




18 




7 




4 


1 


6 





NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS. 













1 








4 

5 

8 




1 

2 
2 












1 

1 
1 
















1 
13 


























5 




1 




6 
















1 
















5 




14 




13 




4 


1 




6 




2 




= 


4 


4 












3 


i .... 


7 
5 




27 
2 
1 


1 


8 
6 
2 




1 
6 


.... 1 




1 
11 


























































1 




*"3* 


1 

3 

36 



































"32" 


26 
53 


"q""4 


1 

39 


2 

27 


























49 


11 


9 




io 


1 


4 




5 




5 


■ Ml 



224 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS.— Cont'd. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 
under 

$30. 


$30 and 
under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Clerks 


8 
71 

n 

7 

61 

61 

6 

5 


4 


27 
25 
1 
5 
4 
4 
2 
1 


31 
25 
1 
5 
4 
4 
2 
1 






















Do 




















4 


Do 




















Do 




















3 


Do 




















Do 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total. 


186 


317 


503 






2 




1 


18 


4 


54 


9 


19 




8f 
81 
5| 








'"io 


2 
2 
1 


2 
12 
1 






















Do... ...ir 






















Do.. 












































Total 


10 


5 


15 
























8| 
81 
81 
81 
9 

9 

81 






















Clerks, chief, assistant 


1 

61 
1 
1 

10 

5 

4 




1 

61 

1 

1 

10 

5 

4 






















Collectors 






















Collectors, chief 












































Drivers and teamsters 












































Do 












































Total 


9 




9 
























81 
9 
9 
9 
9 

9 
81 

8 






















Engineers, assistant 

Foremen 


1 
21 
11 
15 

6 

166 

1 
1 




1 
21 
11 
15 

6 

166 

1 
1 












































































































Installers 














11 
1 




2 





Do 














Do 










































Total 


168 




168 














12 




2 






8 

9 

(a) 












1 


Instructors 


6 
24 


12 

'" i 


12 

6 
25 


























1 
12 








Do 


1 




1 


1 


5 




-^ 


4 
4 






Total 


30 


1 


31 


1 




1 


1 


5 




13 




9 
9 
9 

8| 
81 
8 


Laborers 


7 
188 
27 


7 
4 
1 


7 
188 

27 

7 
4 






















Linemen 






















Machinists 














5 




2 




Matrons 














Do 






















Do 












































Total 




12 


12 
























8f 
81 

8 

71 

5f 
























Messengers 


"16" 
5 
1 


7 
1 

""2 


7 
17 
5 
1 
2 








7 
1 














Do 






8 


7 
5 

1 




1 








Do 












Do 




















Do 




2 




























I .. 




Total 


22 


10 


32 




2 


8 


8 


13 




1 






1 





«Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



225 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS.— Cont'd. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


1 
$45 and ' $50 and 
under under 
$50. ' $60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and j $80 and 

under under 

$80. $90. 


$90 and $100 and 
under under 
$100. $125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. j F. M. 

■1 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




1 
21 
1 
2 
3 
4 
2 
1 


1 


23 




1 


1 


1 


2 


1 




















































































































1 














r 






























































r""i I"" 






























:::::::::: 














































3 


75 


33 


103 


9 


5 


41 


30 


51 


12 


9 




10 1 


4 




5 




5 














1 
1 




1 
1 






































5 




1 








1 




3 










1 










































3 










1 




2 




2 






5 




1 








1 


























































1 








19 








8 




33 




1 




























1 










1 
























1 
























1 




1 
2 




8 

2 
2 
















































1 


















2 




























































2 




4 




2 














1 































































1 
1 
2 




















2 




1 




3 

2 




5 

1 




1 
5 






8 
1 


























13 




2 
1 

40 
























1 
40 




2 
6 








2 








11 








18 






38 
















































1 


































































11 








18 




41 




38 




40 




6 


























........ 



















4 


5 


6 




1 


i 














































1 










































































1 












5 




1 
































































4 
5 
5 




3 
41 

4 




1 




























4 
4 


50 .... 

5 .... 


57 

1 




35 
















5 




" 1 




















3 
































"" 


























"""1 




1 




i 






























































3 




1 




8 


i 


































i 
















I 
















I 


















1 
















1"'"" 


















i 
















I"""" 


































1 


















1 





































































1 

































1 






i 




















9480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2- 



-15 



226 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS.— Cont'd. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 
under 
$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 
under 
$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Operators 


12 

U* 

9 

8! 

8i 

8 

V| 

7 

f 

5f 
5* 
5 


13 

29 
1 

...... 

....„ 

2 


'"l9 

702 

496 
1 
3 
4 
5 
23 

149 
6 

152 


13 

29 

20 

702 

496 

1 

3 

5 

5 

23 

158 

6 

154 

1 

9 














1 




3 | 

7 


Do 








i 




Do 












1 






4 


Do... 








. 


16 
16 


136 

80 




263 


Do... 












272 


Do 










Do... . 




















Do 












1 






4 
3 
12 


Do 

















2 
3 

3 
44 




Do 
















Do 










4 


80 
3 

6 
1 

7 


4 


Do 














Do 












2 


57 


Do 


1 1 

9 












Do 








1 






1 

















Total 


55 


1,570 


1,625 








1 


4 


129 


7 


338 


12 


615 




12 
Hi 
9 

si 

71 
5| 








Operators, chief 


12 
9 

....... 


"~2 

7 

38 

1 


12 
9 
2 
7 

38 
1 
3 


















...J 


Do 


















1 


Do 




















Do 




















1 


Do 




















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


24 


48 


72 




















1 




8| 

9 
8 






= 


= 


== 


===== 


= 





= 


Operators, chief, assistant . . 


10 
9 


3 


3 






Operators, student 


! io 

100 














3 




1 




Do 






9 


100 
























Total 


19 


100 


119 






9 


100 






3 




1 






8* 

9 

7 












5 

188 
1 

189 




S 






















Repair men 


188 






















Do 




1 






1 




































Total 




189 






1 


















81 

8 














2 




3 


Stenographers 


1 


51 
1 


52 
1 












Do 


































2 


1 


3 


Total 


1 
12~ 

1 

1 


52 


53 

12~ 

1 
1 
















Stock keepers 


9 

8i 
7§ 




= 







= 








Superintendents 


















Do 












































Total 


2 




2 




















8f 
8i 

? 

5f 






















Supervisors 


~""i 


64 
43 
7 
2 
5 
19 


64 
44 
7 
2 
5 
19 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


i 


140 


141 








































. 







CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



227 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS.— Cont'd 






Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 
under 
$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 
under 
$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 

$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. M. 


F. Iff. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


2 
3 


■ 


1 




1 
3 


























16 








::::.. 










........ 






9 
119 




6 

168 

44 

1 

3 














...J 








. 




















i 















.... 84 
















I 




























! 








-------- 























1 









































































"Y 


7 .... 


1 
























:::::::: 


























i 




















i 






:::::;:: 






— 


29 .... 


16 












i 




























1 






........ 






















:::::::::: 




1 


::::|:::: 
























i 












6 


248 21 


239 


1 




4 








i 




1 
































2 

2 








4 
6 




6 






i 




. 














1 








:::::::::: 














1 






i 








1 
























3 
10 

1 





2 




1 












10.. 


11 








7 






























........ 




















3 






: 




:::::. ::::::::i::;: 





































11 4 


11 


1 




10 


7 


9 


15 




2! 


1 


! ! 






\ 








!.... 










1 




2 


1 






L... 






5 


1 1 

i 










1 


































































5 


1 






















: 


























1 








i 












1 
49 




1 
125 


1 




1 ..... 1 :.... 

1 


1 










2 




11 




* I 








! 




| 






























1 












2 




11 




49 




125 .... 


1 




.... ! .. 






















2 




7 -. 


4 




24 




9 
1 


! ! 




i 


» 
















!""" 


























1 1 












...... 


7 




4 




24 




10 


1 




........ 


> 























1 










7 


! 2 




1 




































! 
















1 




























































1 


















2 


















| 














2 
6 




8 

16 ! 

1 


54 
18 
6 
2 
1 
10 






; .... 




.... i 1 L _ 








3 .... 












1 


... 1 ...... 
















....r. ...... 








1 








::::::::::i:;:: 




::::i i:..:l..l.. 














!:: 








...J 1 1 1 L_ 






*"'• 


3 






























1 








sL. 


11 !. 


35 




91 












1 


............ 
















— 1 








=1=1= 







228 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS.— Cont'd. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 
under 
$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Telegraph operators 


8| 
9 

8| 

8 

6 


4 
23 

19 
19 
2 


3 


7 
23 

19 
19 
2 










































Traffic chiefs 






















Do 




















Do 






'""1 




















1 














Total.. . 


40 




40 
























12 
9 

9 

8^ 
8 
























2 

51 

4 
3 


...... 


2 
51 

4 
3 
1 


































































Do 






















Do 






























— 














— 


Total 


7 


1 


8 
















21 




23 


148 


45 


397 


32 




Grand total 


1,346 


2,285 


3,631 


1 


2 


110 


638 







NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y. 





7 

8 

7 


4 

1 
141 




4 

1 
141 
















• 




























Do 












































Total 


142 




142 
























8 
7 
8 
8 
7 
8 

10 
9 
8* 

8 

7 




= 




















15 

3 

241 

8 
7 
1 

"'94' 

1 

443 

610 


...... 

18 
148 

"n 

348 


15 
3 

241 
8 
8 
1 

18 

242 

1 

455 

958 






























1 
































































Chauffeurs 




















Clerks 




















2 
16 

'166' 


Do 














1 


4 


7 

1 

3 

36 


Do 














Do 














1 
10 


"53' 


Do 










15 


9 












Total 


1,148 


526 


1,674 










15 


9 


1? 


57 


47 


118 




10 
9 
8 

7 
















..... 

15 


4 

15 

1 


4 
15 

6 
15 






















Do . 






















Do. . 






















Do 












































Total 


20 


20 


40 

1 
67 

5 
10 
























9 

7 

8 


= 


= 


= 


= 


= 


= 












"*67" 

5 
10 


1 












































1 




Do. . 












I 
















1 








Total 


15 




15 












1-- 




1 





CHAPTER TIT. — GENERAL TABLES. 



229 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS.— Cont'd 













Number of employees whose monthly 


rates were- 














$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and $70 and 
under under 
$70. $80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 

$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


















3 

3 

2 
3 

1 


3 


1 
17 

3 
2 
































2 










1 

2 
1 


























7 
3 






1 
5 
1 




4 
5 























































































6 


.... 5 




10 




3 


7 




9 
















| 




















| 


1 ! 1 
































i 


3 


11 




21 




1 




14 




1 

4 
2 
















I 







































1 


.... 










































































































1 


1 


6 






































32 


343 


82 


378 


60 


51 


203 


169 


311 


44 


317 


2 


104 


2 


18 




54 


1 


43 





NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y. 





































4 
















1 














1 

29 








| 


















8 




12 




23 






28 




41 






































8 




12 




23 




30 




28 
3 




41 






































3 

1 

20 


8 




1 
















1 
131 
















4 














7 
7 
1 




16 
1 
2 




17 




46 






































1 








3 

1 




1 






























.... 7 
14 33 


"36' 


9 

70 
































35 


23 


6 


2 


1 













































.... 2 
23 49 


2 
25 


4 

78 


3 
25 


3 

12 


84 
44 


2 
21 


88 
141 


1 
18 


106 

76 


"4 


65 

64 


"3" 


67 
71 




23 
43 


"i" 


1 

37 




37 91 j 57 


161 


63 


38 


134 


25 230 


19 


182 


4 


129 


3 


138 




66 


1 


38 




1. .. 






1 
2 
1 




& 




























1 


















































1 

1 




4 
13 


























1 








































... 


4 




15 














1 




2 




17 






























1 










































2 i 

1 


9 

1 
2 




14 

1 
1 




15 

1 
3 




27 
























1 
1 




















.... 3 
















'"" 




1 


















I 


3 




2 




4 


i 3 




2 


















1 














230 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y.-Continued. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 
under 
$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




7 

8 

7 


1 

13 

62 




1 

13 

62 












































Do . 











































Total 


75 




75 
























7 

9 

8 

7 






















Engineers, assistant 


74 

3 

94 

7 




74 

3 
94 

7 










....... 






























Do. 






















Do. . 






































Total 


104 




104 






i 
















9 

7 

10 
9 

8 

7 






















1 
4 

1 

2 

272 

16 




1 

4 

1 

2 

272 

16 






... 1 






















































Do 




















Do.. 














1 




l |- 


Do. . 
































Total 


291 




291 














1 




1 






8 
8 

8 
3| 
3 
2 
















3 

383 

7 


..... 

9 
2 


3 

383 

7 
1 
9 
2 


































i 


6 
1 


















1 


Do 




1 












Do. . 




2 
2 




2 




3 




2 


Do.. 




























Total 


7 


12 


19 




1 




4 




2 




3 


1 


2 




9 
8 
8 

10 
9 
8J 

8 

7 




1 

169 

1 

5 

7 

"'26' 
9 


...... 


1 

169 

1 

5 
7 
1 
26 
9 


































































Managers 






















Do 






















Do 






... 












Do 






| 














Do 








































Total 


47 


1 


48 






















10 
9 

8 

7 




















Managers, assistant 


3 

7 
19 
3 




3 

7 

19 
3 




















Do 




















Do 






"1 " 














Do 








































Total 


32 




32 






















9 
8 

7 






















1 
2 
3 


1 
2 
3 








i 




i 


Do 














1 


Do 















2 






















Total 






6 1 6 






1 










3 






1 














1 









CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



231 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y.-Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 
under 
$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 
under 
$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 

$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


































1 

4 
26 






















1 

8 








5 
13 




3 

9 
















2 




2 






2 




























2 




2 




9 




2 




18 




12 




30 






























3 




9 

1 

4 




21 

1 
14 




15 




11 




15 
















1 


























27 




30 




19" 

7 

26 

























































30 


















1 








5 




15 




27 






























| 






1 






























1 





























4 




























1 

1 

19 

4 


























1 

56 

1 


























1 




1 










104 




70 
5 






6 
1 




11 
3 




2 
2 
































1 




1 








58 




104 




75 




25 




7 




14 




4 












































1 




2 




6 




12 




1 




81 
4 




86 
2 




101 




61 




29 






















































































































































































4 




2 
































































1 

83 
1 

3 
1 
































16 




70 










































































2 
3 
























1 


















1 




1 




























1 


















2 

1 




7 
1 




8 

1 








1 
1 




8 
3 
















1 






1 


























1 




1 




3 




12 




14 




1 




3 




12 


j 


































2 

4 
4 
1 






1 

3 
11 






























































1 






3 






























........ 

2 


















































1 .. 






1 




11 


....j 3 




15 




2 I 




= 






















1 
1 






1 












1 I 






.... 




























1 














1 
















































........ 

I 


( 






2 








• 




















! 






















1 i 1 








232 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y.— Continued. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 
under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




10 
9 

8 

7 


8 
45 
17 
50 




8 
45 
17 
50 






1 

6 

2 

15 




1 
6 
2 
13 




2 
23 

5 
15 




4 
9 

8 
6 




Do 






Do 






Do 












Total 


120 

..... 

1 


75~ 

32 

16 

1 


120 

75 
33 

17 

1 






24 




22 




45 




27 






10 
9 

8 
7 


= 


===== 










1 
1 


Do 




















Do 




















Do 












































Total 


2 


124 


126 

2 

1 

1 

1,855 

722 

170 

57 

17 




















2 




13 
12 
11 
10 

9 

8 

7 

6§ 


















= 




..... 

1 
2 
2 


2 

1,853" 

720 

170 

57 

17 




2 






Do 




















Do 






















Do 












6 

27 
5 




41 

77 
33 

1 


.... 


625 

308 

67 

29 

2 


Do 




5 
2 




15 

2 

1 




Do... 


Do. . 


Do... 


































Total 


6 


2,819 


2,825 




7 




18 




40 




152 


1 


1,031 




10 
9 
8 
6§ 






26 

43 

3 

1 


26 

43 

3 

1 






















Do 
















1 




3 


Do... 
















Do 












































Total 




73* 


73 














1 




3 




10 
9 

8 
















Operators, chief, assistant.. 
Do... 




7 

38 

3 


7 

38 

3 


































Do 




































Total 




48 


48 


1 1 














10 
9 

8 

7 




, 








95 
26 

4 
8 


95 

26 

4 

8 




... 1... 














Do 
















1 


Do.. 




....... 












Do... 






1... 


















1 












Total 




133 


133 




....!.... 


1 










1 




8 
8 
7 
7 
8 
7 

9 

8 

7 


















Operators, student 


1 
3 
1 
5 
4 
1 

...... 


93 

2 
16 

58 


94 
3 
1 
5 
4 
1 

2 
16 
63 


i 




5 1 ... . 76 




7 




4 


































Paymasters, assistant 


















Roofers 






































Stenographers 


















1 


Do 








I"" 










Do 




















3 






















Total 


5 


76 


81 




















4 




7 

10 
9 
8i 

8 






















""is" 


2 
64 
206 
14 
23 


2 

64 

209 

14 

38 












































Do. 






















Do. .. 






















Do... 




















1 




















Total 


18 


307 


325 




















1 

























CHAPTER TTT. GENERAL TABLES. 



233 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y.— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and $45 and 

under under 

$45. 1 $50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


































1 




































< 
































1 


;;;: 






i 


























i 


— 




i 
























2 


i 




: 




















































:::: ! ■?!:::: 

1 


47 
19 
5 


.... 


13 ! 1 


















5 1 1 
1 1 




:::::;r" 


[ 












5 




4 


t 














1 






1"'" 


























1 


















.... 22 




71 1 


19 


1 | 6 ! 


4 


).... 


|.... 






































i 




i 














1 
































1 
.... 































592 


533 1 

96 ..-- 


56 
25 


1 



















........ 




.... 164 

37 

.... 16 

....| 10 


3 


















;;"■]•"" 






24 
6 
5 
































1 


:■:::::....? 




1 














































i 




















1 819 


2 


664 | 1 


82 


M »l 


1 






































1 










6| 


12 
4 

1 
1 


! 3 

5 




2 
4 

1 




3 

10 






! 


2 .... 


5 




3 






1 


:.::::::: 




i 
























i . 































.... 2 




5 




3 


J 12 j 


18 


: s 




7 




13 




1 












.;.. 




! 




1 i 


6 
31 

2 


i 
























1 




*""■: 












































































1 




7 


39 


i 







































.... i 
-•I l 




9 
12 
1 
3 




78 
11 
2 
4 




6 




1 
1 


i 


















i 























i"" 


















i 






1 


I 










.... 


























.... 2 




25 




95 




8 


2 






























1 










1 




i 
i 
























1 








1 




















.... . 






1 




i 












i 








, 














1 




4 






:::::::::::: 














4 




I 










1 
























i 








1 




























1 

7 










8 


"~'l 


4 
15 


2 

10 


...... 


1 
3 










i .... 




1 




6 


1? 


3 


















l 


8 L... 


2 




6 j 20 


1 | 19 


, 12 


1 


4 


3 


















1 






' ; 


1 


| 








2 






10 .... 
7 .... 


15 
13 


...„ 


12 .1 27 
















4 




76 
1 

7 


106 






i 


















13 
12 

























1 .... 


2 












3 




5 




7 


















.... 4 




18 L-- 


30 


2 


96 




158 






l 




3 




5 




7 



















234 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y.— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Switchboard men 


8 
8 

7 
8 

10 
9 

8 
7 
6 




7 
25 

1 
76 

2 

8 
2 
2 


7 
25 

1 
76 

2 

7 
8 
2 
2 










Testers 






















Treasurers, assistant, 






















Trouble men 






















Waitresses 




















2 
2 
5 

1 


Do 




















Do 




















Do. 


















Do 










































Total 




21 


21 




















10 




8 

8 

7 






i 














Watchmen 


30 
15 




30 

15 
1 




1 
















Wire chiefs. .. 






















Do 


H- 












































Total 


16 




16 


















1 




8 

8 

7 




















Wire chiefs, assistant 


10 

109 

1 




10 

109 

1 




















Wiremen 


















1 




Do 








































Total 


110 




110 


















1 
























Grand total 


3,307 


4,261 


7,568 




8 


24 


27 


37 


127 


58 


220 


86 


1,179 







NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS UNDER 5,000 

POPULATION. 





8 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 

9 
8 


1 
...... 

2 

1 

...... 

4 
5 


1 
1 
1 

...... 


2 
1 
2 
2 
1 
1 
9 

4 




















1 


Clerks 












1 








Collectors 














1 






Inspectors 




















Installers 






















Janitors 




1 


























































Do 


j 5 












































Total 


9 


9 






















9 
8* 


















Operators 




43 ! 43 
9 9 




a\ 




6 
1 




9 
3 




23 
3 




4 

2 


Do 










Total 




52 | 52 




ol 




7 




12 




26 




6 




9 
9 
9 
9 






4 


10 10 

1 1 

2 

4 
















2 




3 

1 


Operators, chief, assistant . . 






l 






































































Grand total 


29 


67 96 




&2 




7 




13 




29 




11 











a Under $10. 



*> Including 1 under $10. 



CHAPTER Til. GENERAL TABLES. 



235 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY, NEW YORK, N. Y.— Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and '■ $90 and 

under ! under 

$90. $100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. F. 

| 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 














6 
10 




1 
3 












| 














1 










3 




4 




2|.. 


2 




















1 
















3 




10 




61 








...... 






































5 
3 

1 
2 


























































1 : " 



























i ' 












I 






:::::::::: 




.... 






























11 

















i 














































1 


29 












































15 
1 
















| 




















































! 


....!.... 












i 










16 










! 












i 




















1 




















9 




1 




1 








1 


28 




29 

1 


.... 46 




3 




1 












I 


















I 


























1 










28 




30 


46 




3 




1 






























52 


953 


73 


956 


67 274 


485 


182 


617 


261 j 647 


32 


349 


22 


330 


17 


257 


2 


225 


1 



NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS UNDER 5,000 

POPULATION. 







1 




! 





































! 






















i 

2 
1 






























































L 




















i 




























i .... 


3 




2 


3 


























4 
5 










1 














........ 








....| 


1 















































....|.... 






! __ 


9 


....j 












































i 


! 1 1 


























;;:::: ::::::r::r::::l::::r:::: 





































— 
















































| 1 















3 




2 










i 
































| 














1 












1 
3 






































1 




















































3 


2 


2 


i 




7 




6 




13 






















I 




i 







236 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A. —CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOTJRS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 5,000 TO 15,000 

POPULATION. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




8 
9 
8 

9 

8 

8 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 

9 

8 


1 
1 
5 

1 
1 


1 

8 
9 


2 

1 
5 

9 
10 












































Cashiers . . . 






















Clerks 










1 


* 








4 
2 


Do 










1 




.5 
















Total 


2 


17 


19 










1 


1 




5 




6 














6 

3 
2 
2 
4 
3 
35 

1 
12 


1 


7 
3 
2 
2 
4 
3 
35 

1 

12 












1 




















































































1 




1 




































































Do 










































Total. 


13 




13 
























9 
8i 

8 






















Operators 




138 
9 
2 


138 
9 
2 




1 




19 




31 
3 
2 




48 
3 




33 
3 


Do... 


Do.. 
































Total 




149 


149 




1 




19 




36 




51 




36 




9 

8| 




Operators, chief 




7 
1 


7 
1 




















2 


Do 
















1 

























Total 




8 


8 
















1 


2 




9 
8 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 


















Operators, chief, assistant. . . 
Stenographers 


....... 

1 
1 
6 

8 
1 


1 
4 


1 
5 
1 
1 
6 
8 
1 








































1 


Stock keepers 




















Switchboard men . . . 






















Trouble men 












































Wire chiefs, assistant 












] 




























Grand total ... . 


95 


181 


276 




1 




19 


2 


38 


1 


57 




45 







NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 15,000 TO 25,000 

POPULATION. 





8 
8 

9 

8 


...... 


1 

1 
1 


1 
1 

1 






















Cashiers 






















Clerks 




















1 


Do 












1 




























Total. . 




2 


2 












1 









1 




9 
9 
9 
9 
8 














Collectors 


...... 

1 
8 
2 


1 


1 
8 
2 




















1 


Foremen 




















Janitors 






















Linemen 


















1 




Managers 



















CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



237 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A. —CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS- Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 5,000 TO 15,000 

POPULATION. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 
under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 

$100. 


$100 and 
under 

$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




1 














1 










































1 




























2 




2 




1 


















.... 


3 
1 




1 




































.::: ■: 






















































1 1 4 


.... 1 






















































1 


1 




I 


2 




2 
1 
2 
1 






















i 




2 














! 








! 


















| 




"'"1 




1 






















i 




I 


1 




1 
1 
1 
























j 










2 
18 






















1 




1 




1 






10 




4 












........ 







1 
3 


































3 










6 
































1 




















: 


3 


4 








6 


1 
















\"~ 




















5 




1 








I 
































































































































5 




1 




1 






















































2 








3 







































































































2 








3 
































































1 
3 








....| 




























1 








































1 








































i 

2 
3 






























1"" 




4 






































3 
1 




2 






















" ' " 






























,--- 












3 


16 


4 


2 4 


3 1 29 




25 




14 




7 








6 





























NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 15,000 TO 25,000 

POPULATION. 









1 






























1 
















1 












































































































































































































i 










1 






1 
















! 
















i 




1 










! 














1'"" 




1 

2 






























1 




1 3 




1 










1 


























1 






.... 1 









238 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 15,000 TO 25,000 

POPULATION— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Operators 


9 
8i 




23 

1 


23 
1 








6 




6 
1 




10 






Do 
































Total. 




24 


24 








6 




7 




10 








9 
8 
9 














Operators, chief 


...„. 


1 
1 


1 
1 
2 






















Stenographers 

Wire chiefs 
































































Grand total _ 


15 


30 


45 








6 




8 




10 


1 


2 















NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 25,000 POPULATION 

AND OVER. 





9 

8 


1 

7 




1 

7 






1 


I 




! 1 


Do 






1 








"" 




















Total 


8 




8 
























9 
8 
9 

8 

9 

8 
























5 

10 

4 

1 

22 
30 


16 
40 


5 

10 

4 

1 

38 
70 














1 








Bookkeepers 
















i 






















Cashiers 






















Clerks 






1 










3 
4 


.... 


2 
8 


Do 












4 
















Total 


52 


56 


108 






1 








4 


7 


i 


10 




9 

8 












Clerks, chief 


1 

7 


....„ 


1 
8 






















Do 












































Total 


8 


1 


9 
























8 
8 
8 

9 
8 






















Collectors 


11 
4 

8 

18 
3 




11 
4 

8 

18 
3 








i 














Draftsmen * 






















Engineers 






















Foremen 






















Do 
















::;::::.. 
























Total 


21 




21 
















i 






9 

8 















= 


= 


i — 





Inspectors 


4 
5 

9 




4 
5 






Do 




































Total 




9 














i 






9 
9 

9 

8 






.. . .. 












Installers 


38 

3 
5 


...... 

....... 


38 
1 

3 

8 




* 








1 




Instructors 






'■"'1 










Janitors 






| 






""! "" 




Do 








: 1 


2 




i 








Total 


8 


3 


11 


1 


| 1.... 


2 













CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



239 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A .—CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 15,000 TO 25,000 

POPULATION— Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 
, $50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 
under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 










1 
























































! 


































i | 














1 




















t 
































i 








1 






































1 




















........ 

1 





















2 












1 


























1 


1 


1 


2 


3 




4 




4 




1 








1 





























NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 25,000 POPULATION 

AND OVER. 



1 1 








| 








1 












1 


1 












1 




2 






1 








3 1 






! 




































1 




2 




1 




1 








3 




























1 




i 


I 








2 
3 


































3 

1 








3 




















2 










1 










































1 




1 


8 
13 


i 

2 


1 
3 2 


'"§" 


5 
3 


..... 


9 

8 




2 
5 


.... 


1 
4 














7 


1 




2 






















1 


21 


3 


10 


3 


3 


8 


4 1 17 




7 


1 


5 


= 


2 
















= 




= 


= 


= 


= 









1 


























1 


1 


3 








2 




1 


































1 














1 


1 


3 








2 




1 










; 
















.1 


2 




i 


8 
1 






1 
2 
























1 1 








I"" 


















2 




1 








2 




1 






1 








.... 


8 
2 




9 




1 






1"" 


! 


1 




















i 


i 




























I 


1 1 


1 








10 




9 




1 





































1 I....I 




1 




2 




1 
2 














L 


i i 1 






3 














i 


i 1 i 
























1 


| l 






1 




2 




3 




3 














- 


















2 








3 


11 




20 




2 


























1 




























2 


1 






























i 








5 






























































i 






2 


6 


























. 


1 . 





































240 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 25,000 POPULATION 

AND OVER— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 
under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




9 
9 

9 

8 


1 

47 

1 
3 




1 
47 

1 
3 






1 


































Managers 






















Do 












































Total 


4 




4 
























9 

9 

8 
























'"'4' 


3 

1 


3 

1 
4 






















Messengers 








1 














Do 








2 




1 




1 














Total 


4 


1 


5 








1 


2 




1 




1 






9 

9 
8i 

8 










Monitors 


1 4 


5 

309 
15 
1 
















1 

56 
3 




1 

112 
6 


Operators 




309 
15 
1 








20 




75 
3 




Do 








Do 


































Total 




325 


325 








20 




78 




59 




118 




9 

8 










Operators, chief 




15 

2 


15 
2 




















1 


Do 










































Total 




17 


L7 




















1 




9 
7 
9 
8 
8 
9 
8 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 

9 
8 






















Operators, chief, assistant . . 


"""28" 

4 
2 
2 

1 

""16" 
1 

7 


2 

11 

"i9" 

"36" 


2 

11 

28 

14 

21 

2 

1 

36 

16 

1 

7 

1 

10 

10 
3 






















Operators, student 




all 


















Repair men 


















Solicitors 






















Stenographers 














1 








Stock keepers 




















Superintendents 






















Supervisors 
















1 


"i" 


2 


Switchboard men 
















Teamsters 


















Testers 


















i 





Watchmen 


ii- 


















Wire chiefs 






















Miscellaneous 


10 
3 
























Do 












































Total 


13 




13 














































Grand total 


339 


479 


818 




oil 


1 


21 


2 


78 


7 


68 


5 


134 







PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, LOS ANGELES, CAL. 



Adjusters 

Agents 

Battery men . 
Cable splicers. 
Carpenters . . . 

Cashiers 

Clerks 

Clerks, chief. . 



8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 


3 
14 

2 
41 

4 

1 
42 

2 


...... 

28 


3 

14 
2 

41 
4 
2 

70 
2 


























































2 










































































2 




1 

















a Under $10. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



241 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE COMPANY, TOWNS 25,000 POPULA- 
TION AND OVER— Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


1 










































2 




16 




3 




7 




18 




1 

1 
































... 


























2 


— 


1 
1 


















































1 








2 






















i 












i 




1 




2 


























1 
























































































































































































1 

41 
3 
1 




1 
5 






1 










) 
















































































































































45 




5 






























































3 




4 




2 
1 




4 

1 




1 










































































3 


4 




3 




5 


1 1 




















































1 


! i 




































































2 
2 
1 
1 


....„ 


8 
8 


"l 


18 

1 
































"2 


3 


















2 


.... 


2 


















1 






















































1 




"4" 


20 


.... 


13 




































2 




4 




3 

1 




1 












































1 

1 




3 




2 






































































2 




6 




1 




1 












1 




5 








4 


























1 








1 




1 








































1 




5 








4 








1 








1 




1 




























9 


93 


12 


36 


33 


9 


50 


15 


80 


9 


76 


4 


36 




11 




8 




9 


1 


PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, LOS ANGELES, CAL. 


















! 
1 


2 
11 






! 


































2 


1 




1 








... 











































20 




5 
1 













1 
2 


.... 


15 






» 




















1 

























1 
6 












1 
1 








1 


10 


1 


4 





4 


11 


13 


1 


9 


.'.'.'. 


4 
1 




.... 2 

....1 1 


:::: 








.... 




.... 





29490— S. Doc. 380, 61-2- 



-16 



242 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, LOS ANGELES, CAL.— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 
under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Collectors 


8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 


14 
1 
1 

37 

34 
1 

32 
...... 

1 

79 

1 

....... 

1 

""2 
25 

2 

'"4" 
...„. 

26 
6 
9 
4 
1 
3 

j" 

7 
10 


...... 

""8* 

"325' 

13 

3 

23 

'"s 

'""36" 

...... 

....... 

...... 


14 
1 
1 

37 

34 
1 

32 
1 
7 
1 

79 

1 

8 

6 

326 

13 
3 

23 
2 

25 
2 
8 
4 

36 
7 

26 
6 
9 
4 
4 
3 
1 
2 
7 

11 






















Collectors, chief 






















Draftsmen 






















Foremen 






















Inspectors 






















Inspectors, chief , 






















Installers 






















Instructors 






















Janitors 














1 








Laborers 










































Managers 






















Matrons 




















4 


Messengers 














6 






Operators 












1 


89 




71 


Operators, chief 












Operators, chief, assistant. . . 


































22 




1 






Painters 
















Repair men 






















Solicitors 






















Stenographers 






















Stock keepers 






















Supervisors 




















2 


Switchboard men 




















Switchboard men, appren- 
tice 






















Switchboard men, helper . . . 
Switchboard men, junior. . . 
Teamsters 






























































Telegraph operators 

Testers 
















1 
























Waitresses 






















Watchmen 


















1 




Wire chiefs 






:::::: 










Miscellaneous 








































Total 


432 


451 


883 












23 


7 


93 


3 


78 

















PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, PORTLAND, OREG. 



Agents 


8 
8 
9 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

9 

8 


10 

1 
1 
7 
2 

""26" 
3 

15 
1 
1 
4 

3 

17 


...... 

25 


10 
1 
1 
7 
2 
1 

51 
3 

15 
1 
1 
4 

3 

17 






















Battery men 






















Blacksmiths 






















Cable splicers 












































Cashiers 






















Clerks 




1 








1 








1 


Clerks, chief 














Collectors 






















Collectors, chief 












































Drivers 






















Foremen 






















Do 












































Total 


20 




20 


















I 




8 
8 
8 
8 








1 






— 




Foremen, assistant 


1 

2 
15 
3 




1 
2 
15 
3 






j 




{.... 


Inspectors 






1 




1 






Installers 
















Janitors 






....... 






...I 




....!.... 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



243 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, LOS ANGELES, CAL.— Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and $60 and 
under under 
$60. $70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


































. 




































1 




























1 

1 
1 




































1 






1 

29 




34 .... 


1 
















3 


::::::" 
















r 












1"" 




1 


















3 




1 


.... 2 




1 




25 


















1 


1 


















1 


4 

1 

25 




1 
























































5 


....j 6 








43 


















::::::!:::: 


















1 






3 






1 






! 








































94 




51 .... 
1 


18 1 

1 

2 j 




1 
4 
















1 


4 

1 






1 


1 


















































2 


































. .. 



















1 

1 




24 




























1 
















1 




3 








4 






1 


:::::::::; 
















2 






2 


















4 




9 




14 


7 




































7 
1 




| 


















2 
5 


14 .... 


8 




1 
























i 






-------- 




















1 






9 












......... 










1 






4 














1 


1 






1 


1 


















1 






...J 




2 













1 




















. 
















1 











































1 


6 








1 




1 




4 




2 




2 








1 


























4 


114 


1 69 j 2 


42 


83 


23 


45 


7 


46 


1 


12 


i 


149 




64 




2 





PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, PORTLAND, OREG. 









| 




1 1 


...J b|.... 










1 




1 














1 































1 

































1 










7 




























2 


























1 
















1 


7 


1 


5 .... 


4 


2 


3 


15 
1 
11 


3 ! 4 .... 


1 




1 




1 
1 








.... . .. ; ... 


1 
1 






















3 !.. 




































1 














i 










.... i .... 


























4 
















.... 


















3 












1 

. 1 . 












3 I ... 










12 .... 


2 






. 










1 


3 


3 .. i 








12 1. 2 




















i i || 




1 
















2 




















i 


8 .. 1 




5 




l 






1 




... 







1 




..J |... 



244 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, PORTLAND, OREG.— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 


Number of em- 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


employees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Laborers j 9 


11 

9 




11 
9 






















Do 1 8 












































Total ! 


20 




20 














































Linemen 10 1 


1 

14 
49 














Do 9 


14 
49 




















Do 8 








































Total 


64 




64 






















8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

9 

8 




= 


= 


= 


— 


= 


= 


= 


= 


Managers 


1 
...... 

...... 

1 

1 
2 


"4 

...... 

275 
9 
3 
18 

..... 


1 
4 
5 
1 
275 
9 
3 
18 
1 
4 

1 
2 






Matrons 








1 








1 






Messengers 












5 






Monitors 




















Operators 
















90 




46 


Operators, chief 
















Operators, chief, assistant. . . 






















Operators, student 












18 










Solicitors 




















Stenographers 






















Stock keepers 






















Do 












































Total 


3 




3 












































Superintendents 


8 
8 
8 

8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 


1 
...... 

11 
2 
4 

12 
1 

13 

17 
1 
8 
8 
7 


"""28" 


1 

28 
11 

11 
2 
4 

12 
1 

13 

17 
1 
8 
8 
7 










































1 


Switchboard men 




















Switchboard men, appren- 
tice 




, 
















Switchboard men, junior . . . 
Telegraph operators 




. 


















1 




















1 
















Traffic chiefs 




















Trouble men 






















Trouble men, junior 

Watchmen 










































Wire chiefs 






















Wiremen, apprentice 






















Miscellaneous 












































Grand total 


303 


367 


670 




1 




1 


19 


5 


91 




48 











PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



Adjusters 


8 
8 
8 
12 
8 
8 
8 

12 
8 


7 




7 
18 

2 

1 
61 
15 

2 

14 






! 






! 






Agents 


18 ; 

2 






i 


































Blacksmiths. . 


1 
61 
15 

2 

14 
9 






















Cable splicers 






i 














Carpenters 


















Cashiers 




















Chauffeurs, drivers, hostlers, 
and stablemen 




















Do 












23 












Total 




23 






i 1 


....II L..I 











nq— |— 


— 1— 



CHAPTER III. — CENEKAL TABLES. 



24j 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF LABOR, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTTPATIONS-Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, PORTLAND, OREG.— Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and : $70 and 

under under 

$70. $80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


8100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. F. 


M. : F. 


M. 


p. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 












11 
4 


























1 

1 






i .... 




2 


.... i 












































i .... 


15 | 


2 


.... i 












































1 
2 
3 


i 


















12 I 

9 




















| 3 i 


9 


.... 22 .... 


10 

























21 


6 


.... 3 .... 2 


22 .... 


10 




...J.... 


























1 






1 i 




1 






i 














1 




































1 


























........ 

1 




81 
1 




42 


.... 13 




3 
5 
























2 
2 




1 
1 





















........ 






















































:::.:::: 








1 


























2 


1 1 



















' 










1 




















:::::::: 






1 








1 








... 


"""! 






























i 






i ....! i 
.... 


l 




1 






I 




i 






















1 






1 




4 




4 .... 10 


9 

















2 
5 


1 

2 




8 


| 
















1 


3 




















'"'"I 




2 
















i 


! i 








2 












::::r 




1 


7 






4 






































i .... 
























1 




12 
16 






























1 




























i 












































1 




7 














2 

1 




2 


1 


| 




3 






i 






, 


4 


-J 1 
























3 


94 


1 | 52 i 2 


28 I 51 


22 


61 1 8 42 3 14 ....; 78 




40 


.... 6 .... 



PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 

















i 


3 
12 




2 




1 
1 






i 
























1 


3 .... 


1 










1 









.... 


































1 . 


1 










11 




16 .... 


4 

1 


.... 


1 




5 

1 


.... 


24 

1 


















12 
2 


















f "" 
























""" 


9 
3 




1 




4 
4 


























l ! 




1 




















.... 






.... 





















l 12 


...., 1 




••■■•• 


1 






=1= 











: 


1= 











246 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A. -CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS-Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.— Concl'd. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


employees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Clerks 


8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
12 
12 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

12 

8 


51 
3 

32 
1 
1 
1 
1 

60 

42 
1 

85 
1 

18 
2 


74 

" "2" 
..... 


125 
3 

32 
1 

1 

1 

1 

60 

44 

1 

85 

7 

18 
2 














1 


7 


3 


2 


Clerks, chief 
































































































































































































































































Do 












































Total 


20 




20 
























8 
12 






















Laborers 


89 
'2. 




89 
2 




















Do... 












































Total 


91 




91 
























8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

12 

8 


















f 




Linemen 


100 
2 
1 

""is" 

'""£ 

i 

..... 

33 

1 
6 

1 

"*25" 

3 
5 


...„. 

...... 

506 
16 
6 

74 

""26" 
'"56" 


100 
2 
1 
6 

18 

2 

509 

17 
6 

74 
6 

33 

21 
6 
1 

50 

25 

3 
5 
2 
5 
11 
15 
6 

2 
1 






















Machinists 






















Managers 






















Matrons 




















3 




2 




1 








13 




2 


Monitors 








Operators 




01 












196 


1 


83 


Operators, chief 












Operators, chief, assistant . . 
Operators, student 


































73 






















Repair men 




















Stenographers 



































Superintendents 




















Supervisors 




.... .. 
















Switchboard men 




















Switchboard men, appren- 
tice 






















Switchboard men, helper. . . 




















Switchboard men, junior. . . 


2 '■ 

2 1 3 

11 1 

15 ! 










1 










Telegraph operators 

Terminal men 










1 




























Testers 




















Trouble men 


6 

2 
1 






















Watchmen 






















Do 












































Total 


3 




3 
























8 
8 
8 






















Wire chiefs 


4 
3 
15 


..... 


4 
3 

16 






















Wiremen 






















Miscellaneous 
































" 


14 


276 


6 


88 


Grand total 


785 


766 


1,551 


2 


ol 


1 



















a Under $10. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



247 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTJPATIONS-Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.-Concl'd. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and $50 and 

under 1 under 

$50. | $60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 
under 
$80. 


$80 and $90 and 

under under 

$90. $100. 


$100 and « „-._., 
under ^jf d 
$125. over - 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. M. 


F. 


M. 


F. M. 


F. 


1 


20 


1 


1] 


1 


15 


9 


12 


5 


4 


14 


3 


12 


.... 




4 
2 










1 


























10 




18 




3 






1 
1 
















































1 
1 
























...J..: 














.... 




































1 
1 
2 






























1 
7 










8 
25 


"2 


47 

1 
1 
1 

1 


........ 






















7 








































....L... 


2 




10 


.... 


24 

4 
1 


.... 


9 




39 
















4 
























14 






































1 






















































14 




5 








1 












































1 








i 






83 




5 
2 


























.... 






























































1 














83 




7 
































































3 

1 




15 




3 




79 




















:::::::: 








1 






































1 






3 


























































..:::::: 










2 

71 




































2 


41 
1 




95 
2 




16 
4 
2 




2 
4 
1 




] 
4 
3 
















1 


1 






































1 


i 


















































5 




1 
























2 
1 
3 








31 












1 




6 


9 




3 


1 


























1 




2 


i 




























t 




1 




.... 


4 




1 




7 




26 


...... 

1 
1 

1 


12 












. 1 






5 

2 
4 




1 




15 
















i 
























........ 












































1 
























1 




1 
3 
3 


2 








1 
1 




















1 
1 




3 
1 
1 




3 

10 
5 










































:::::: 
























1 


1 
1 




1 




l 




















i 




























































i 


2 




1 






























i 




.... . 

! 



























i 














4 




















i 






1 

4 

154 







1 
6 

243 






















. i 


2 


~27~ 


IT 







1 




4 














~2~ 


97 







100 


3 


60 


i 


125 


23 


70 


163 


46 


2 





248 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, SEATTLE, WASH. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 


N 


umber of 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


employees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
■ 8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

8 


12 
1 
4 
6 


....... 


12 
1 
6 
6 
1 
3 

44 
2 

13 
1 
1 
2 

16 
1 
5 

17 
1 
4 

52 

28 
1 
7 
6 
2 
267 
6 
6 

30 

24 
7 
4 

27 
5 

27 
3 
2 
4 

10 
2 
1 
1 
1 
6 
8 
















Battery men 






















Bookkeepers 






















Cable splicers 






















Carpenters 


1 






















Cashiers 


2 

14 
2 

13 
1 
1 
2 

16 
1 
5 

17 

""'4' 

52 

28 

1 

....... 


1 

30 

...... 

...... 

...... 

267 






















Clerks 














2 




7 





















1 


































Draftsmen 




















Drivers 






















Foremen 






















Foremen, general 














1 






Inspectors 




















Installers 




















Instructors 










'""1 










Janitors 




































































































2 


"1" 


3 




1 












2 


















Operators 
















86 




47 


Operators, chief 


1 6 

6 
















Operators, chief, assistant . . 






....1 




1"""" 








""24" 
4" 


30 
...... 










30 


































1 




















1 










27 

5 

27 ! 

3 1 

2 

1 3 






1 












1 






....L- 














Switchboard men, appren- 
























8 






















Switchboard men, junior ... 8 

Telegraph operators ' 8 

Testers '■ 8 










































10 
2 
1 
1 
1 
6 
8 












































Traffic chiefs 


I 




































































8 
8 


































































Total ' 


284 


389 


673 










2 


32 


4 


91 




56 













ROCKY MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. 





8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

H 

8 


5 
4 
5 
1 

13 
1 
1 


...... 


5 
4 
6 
1 

13 
1 
1 

2 

75 






















Agents 
























































































Carpenters 












































Clerks 


2 




















Do 


54 


21 












1 




3 


3 
















Total 


54 


23 


77 














1 




3 


3 



















CHAPTER TTI. — GENERAL TABLES. 



249 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A. -CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, SEATTLE, WASH. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 
















7 




1 




3 




1 




















1 




























4 


2 






















i 




2 




1 











3 
1 
1 




















...J- 
























1 

4 










1 














8 




4 .... 


3 


1 


8 
1 
4 


2 


2 

1 
9 






3 






























































1 














.... 










1 
























2 






:::::: ::::i: :::: 


.......... 
































16 

1 










;;.. 














! 1 












1 






1 


.... 1 








1 
7 






1 

7 








< 






1 






2 


.... 





















1 








-------- 






i 









4 
1 
























14 

28 






1 


1 




35 




1 








::::::::;: 










































1 






i 

































































2 

70 




























....!-- 




43 .... 


21 
































2 
3 




?, 




2 
























i 






3 






























































1 . 




4 


.... 






















6 


....„ 


1 
























2 












.... 1 




8 




8 


:::::: 






















5 





















2 
1 


.... 20 




5 




| 

















2 


.----,---- 
























2 

2 






















2 


" "3" 


1 















1 
















4 

1 




1 
























1 







































1 




















I 






1 






















1 
































... i 






6 
















4 1 


3 










1 




1 






















82 




55 


1 


32 


56 


27 


40 


9 


54 


4 


18 1 76 .... 29 

1 1 I 1 


.... 3 





ROCKY MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. 



























2 








2 




i.l 






















1 

1 










3 .... 




















1 




2 








1 




1 .... 


























1 .... 














2 




5 












3 
1 




3 
























































1 












"i" 


2 

4 


































1 




1 


1 


2 


9 


2 


18 


.... ii 




3 




5 .... 


"1 ..:: 


1 


6 


1 


_^ 




1 


1 


2 


9 


2 


18 


-- 11 


-. r 


3 




5 


1 .... 



250 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V — RATES OF WAGE§. AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS-Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
ROCKY MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH— Concl'd. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 


Number of em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 
under 
$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




8 

8 

8 
10 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

9 

9 
10 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

8| 

9 
81 

8 

7 


6 
12 

"~2 

1 
1 
7 
1 
1 
1 

22 
2 
1 

29 
1 

"2" 




6 
12 






















Collectors 






















Draftsmen 


2 ! 2 

! 2 

1 1 

1 1 

! 7 

1 1 

1 1 

! 1 

22 

2 

1 1 

! 29 

1 1 

1 1 
2 






















Elevator conductors 














2 








Engineers 




















Engineers, assistant 






















Foremen 






















Foremen, general 






















Hostlers 












































Installers 






















Janitors 






















Janitors, chief 












































Managers 

Matrons 










































Messengers 










2 












Monitors 


2 

7 
66 
7 
2 


2 

7 
66 
7 
2 


















1 

3 
13 






















Do 
















15 




Do 
















Do 
















2 


























Total 




82 | 82 
















17 




16 




9 

8 


















Operators, chief 

Do 




1 i 1 
3 3 




























































Total 




4 4 
























f 

8 
8 
8 

9 

8 
6 

























Operators, student 


..... 

1 
1 
3 


3 1 3 

1 2 
9 10 

::::::! 












3 








Secretaries, assistant 




















Stenographers 






















Stock keepers 














































1 
6 
3 


1 
6 
3 






















Do 






















- Do 












































Total 




10 


10 

5 

2 


. 1 . 




















9 

8 


5 

2 


===== 


===== 





= 













= 





Switchboard men 




Do 












































Total 


7 

7 
1 

7 
1 

2 
1 
2 


7 
























9 
8 
9 

8 

12 
9 

8 






















Testers 




7 
1 

7 
1 

2 
1 
2 










































































Miscellaneous 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total . 


5 




5 


































2 


3 


3 


17 


3 


~20 


Grand total 


207 


138 


345 

















CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



251 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A. -CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS-Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
ROCKY MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH— Poncl'd. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


S35 and 

under 

$40. 


S40 and 
under 
$45. 


S45 and 

under 

$50. 


S50 and $60 and 
under under 
$60. $70. 


S70 and 

under 

$80. 


S80 and $90 and 

under under 

$90. $100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


8125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. M. 


F. M. 


F. 


H. 


F. 


M. 


F. M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 
























3 




2 
1 




1 















3 




4 




4 


"■'r 














1 


i 




::::i:;:::: 
































































"i 








1 

1 
















































1 












4 




2 












1 


















1 
















1 






































1 
12 






























3 


3 






3 








1 






















2 
















































1 
16 
























12 










1 
1 















































1 






































































1 

4 
38 

1 
















1 
























































































6 
































































































43 




6 








































































1 












































3 




































































1 






3 










....'.... 






























































































1 


















1 








1 


2 




3 




3 






1 




















1 




















































3 






1 
1 
3 




































4 




1 





















































































5 


4 




1 


















































































2 






















































2 .... 3 




2 










....1.... 


































4 .... 2 




1 




































"it::: 














""' 




2 




5 
































1 
























2 

1 














































































1 .... 1 



















































3 












1 .... 1 




~T 


56 


2 


























21 3 6 


24 


6 


42 


4 


32 


5 


23 


.... 38 


1 18 

I 




16 





252 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A. -CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS-Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, ATLANTA, GA. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




8 
8 
9 
8 

12 
11 

9 

8i 

8 

6 

4 


6 
6 

2 

1 

1 
1 
13 
1 
6 


..... 

1 
...... 

3 

4 
1 
1 


6 
6 
2 
2 

2 
1 

20 
4 

10 
1 
1 






















Agents 






















Cable splicers 






















Cashiers : 






















Clerks 






















Do 






















Do... 












1 








3 


Do... 






1 












Do 










1 
1 
1 






1 




Do 
















Do... 








































Total 


22 


17 


39 






1 






4 






1 


3 




8 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
8 

8 
6J 














Clerks, chief 


1 
1 
3 
1 
■ 4 
4 
1 

2 
1 




1 
1 
3 
1 
4 
4 
1 

2 






















Foremen 






















Installers 




































1 
























2 












































Messengers and office boys. . 
Do 






1 

1 




1 














































Total 


3 




3 






2 




1 














8i 

9 
















Monitors 


1 


1 

72 
66 


1 

73 
66 






















Operators 








8 
8 


1 


22 
17 




26 
21 




12 
18 


Do 
















Total 


1 


138 


139 








16 


1 


39 




47 




30 




9 
8| 












5 5 














2 






Do 


1 


1 








































Total. 




6 


6 
















2 








8£ 
9 

8 

9 

8 


















===== 


===== 


Operators, chief, assistant.. 


1 

2 


1 
...... 


1 

21 

1 

1 
2 


























































Superintendents 






















Do 











































Total 


3 




3 
























9 
8i 


















= 


= 


— 






6 

7 


6 

7 














Do 












































Total 




13 


13 
























9 

9 

8* 

9 

9 
























Testers 


1 

1 

""2 

1 


::::.: j 

! 2 

i 1 


















Traffic chiefs 






























1 


""!"" 










Wire chiefs 




















Miscellaneous 






































~~49 


3 




Grand total 


85 


179 


264 


i 


3 


17 


2 


43 


1 


33 






1 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



253 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL FERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, ATLANTA, GA. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 
under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F- 


M. 


F. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 














1 
1 




4 
1 
1 














1 
2 






















1 




1 
1 


























i 






















1 










1 






1 














1 


1 
1 
3 




























































2 
2 


1 
.... 


...... 


1 




1 


3 




4 




1 
































2 


1 


1 






1 




1 




1 




















































































































4 


2 


1 


1 


3 


6 


2 


3 


= 


5 


= 


2 


= 


1 










1 


== 





















































1 
1 


























1 




1 


















































1 












1 








































1 




2 




1 










































1 














































































































































































































1 




































4 
2 














































































































6 








| 






































1 


— 




— 






















1 
1 






































































































2 


= 


1 








1 
































— 




= 


= 











= 










1 


























7 




13 


.... 


1 


















































































1 
















1 








































































1 


















?, 














I 


























R 








1 






















4 




3 
















































4 




S 








1 




,__L_. 




I 














































! 










1 






















:::::.:::::: 


































::: ...:: 
































! ... 


1 .... 


1 


i 


















1 









1 































1 


14 


2 


13 


1 


4 


17 


4 


25 


2 10 




5 


■-I 6 h 


6 


.... 


4 





254 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS-Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BIRMINGHAM, ALA. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 
under 
$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




10 
10 
9 
10 

10 
9 


3 

4 
1 
1 

3 
9 


..... 
6 


3 

7 
1 
1 

9 
9 


































































Cashiers 






















Clerks 
















1 




2 


Do 










































Total 




12 


6 


18 
















1 




2 




10 

9 

9 

9 

9 

9 
10 

9 
10 

13 
10 

9| 

9 


















4 
1 
1 
4 
10 
4 
1 


...... 

...... 

2 

6 

60 

6 

1 


4 
1 
1 
5 
10 
4 
1 
2 
2 

6 
60 
6 
1 










































































1 


1 




1 
8 








Laborers 










1 


















Managers 






















Messengers 








2 














Monitors 




















Operators 








2 
5 




2 
17 
6 




2 

27 






Do 










11 


Do 








Do 










































Total 




73 73 








7 




25 




29 




11 




10 

13 
9 














Operators, chief 


1 

1 
17 


1 


2 

1 
17 






















Repair men 






















Do 












































Total 


18 




18 
























10 

10 
10 
9 
9 























Stenographers 


...... 

2 

1 


1 

7 


1 

7 
1 
2 
1 






















Supervisors 




















3 


Traffic chiefs 






















































































Grand total 


69 


96 


165 








10 


1 


25 


9 


30 


1 


16 

















SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, RICHMOND, VA. 



Clerks 


9 
9 

9 

(a) 




2 
2 

45 
12 


2 
2 

45 
12 
















1 






Monitors 


















1 

4 
5 














15 
2 




21 
4 




Do 
























Total 




57 


57 












17 




25 




9 




9 
9 
9 


















3 

1 
3 


3 
1 

3 






















Operators, chief, assistant... 
Supervisors 
































































Grand total 




68 


68 












17 




26 




10 



















a Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



255 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 
SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, BIRMINGHAM, ALA. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 
under 
$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 
under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F.« 


M. 


F. 


















1 
2 




1 












1 








1 






2 






1 




1 

1 














































































1 






1 


"2 


2 






1 
3 








1 
1 




1 




















3 
















































1 


2 


2 






4 




3 




2 




1 














































3 












1 








































1 
































1 


















1 








1 
































1 
















































2 




2 


















































1 












































2 




























































































































































1 












































































1 




















































































1 










1 






























1 
4 






























1 




1 






10 




1 














































1 




1 




^5 




10 




1 




























































1 
























2 




2 


























































1 

1 
1 






















1 
























































































2 




2 


6 


4 6 


2 


1 


12 


1 


19 


1 


8 




4 




1 


.... 


4 





SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, RICHMOND, VA. 





1 

1 

4 
1 












































































1 
































































































5 




1 

1 
1 

1 


1 


1 


! 


1 






































= 




1 


1 


! 
















































2 























































9 


! 4 


1 




1 


. 1... 


1 . 


1 






















1 


i 


i 















256 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.-CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

SOUTHWESTERN TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, DALLAS, TEX. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 
$25. 


$25 and 
under 
$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




81 
81 
9 
81 

9 
81 


1 
2 
1 
1 

5 

13 


10 
8 


1 
2 
1 

1 

15 
21 








































































































3 
1 


.... 


3 
1 


Do 










1 




















Total 


18 


18 


36 










1 






4 


1 


4 




8| 
81 
81 
10J 

9 
9 
9 
9 
8 

10 
9 
















1 

9 
1 
1 

5 
1 

10 
2 

9 


....... 

....... 


1 
9 

1 
1 
5 

10 
2 
3 

9 
2 


































































Elevator conductors 






















Foremen 














































































































Janitors 


















1 




Do 












2 


























Total 


9 


2 


11 












2 






1 






9 

9 

81 


















16 

1 
1 




16 

1 
1 












































Do 












































Total 


2 




2 
























9 

9 

8 






















Matrons 


1 


2 

5 
2 


2 

6 
2 
































1 


5 
2 










Do 






































Total 


1 


7 


8 










1 


7 












9 
9 

? 

n 

6 


















Monitors 




1 

136 
13 

47 
2 
1 

36 


1 

136 
13 

47 
2 
1 

36 


































32 
5 

10 




41 

6 
7 
1 
1 
14 




43 

2 

23 

1 


Do 












Do 












Do 












Do 
















Do 












20 






2 

















Total 




235 


235 












67 




70 




71 




9 
5 
















4 


2 
1 


6 

1 






















Do 








































Total 


4 


3 


7 
























8 

9 

81 






















Operators, student 




6 

1 

1 


6 

1 
1 




6 


















Stenographers 


















Do.. 












































Total 




2 


2 
























9 
8 
























Supervisors 




11 

11 


11 
11 






















Do 
















2 




1 
















Total 




22 


22 














2 




1 






1 






1 







CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



257 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A. -CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 

SOUTHWESTERN TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, DALLAS, TEX. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and $100 and 
under under 
$100. $125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


















1 

1 








































1 




























1 
























































1 








3 


3 
3 










1 

2 






1 


1 
2 


















2 




1 


1 


2 


4 






































3 


6 


2 




1 


1 


3 


2 


4 


1 


3 


































































1 
















1 




4 




3 








1 
























1 


























1 




















































4 


.... 


1 










































1 
















2 




2 




3 

1 




3 
1 


















































1 








2 




















6 




1 


1 




































































































6 




1 




1 





































































6 




1 








9 












































1 










































1 










































































1 




1 








































1 




1 








































































































































































































































1 
2 




































18 






































































7 




































































































































































































25 




2 








































































1 


1 




1 




1 


1 


1 






















1 




























































1 




1 


1 




1 




1 


1 


1 
















































































1 
















































1 


































































1 












1 






















































= 


= 






5 

8 




6 




































































































13 




6 





































































29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 17 



258 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 
SOUTHWESTERN TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, DALLAS, TEX.— Concl'd. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 


Number of em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 
$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 
under 
$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Supervisors, chief 


9 
5 




2 
2 


2 
2 






















Do 












































Total 




4 


4 
























9 
























Switchboard men 


8 

1 
2 




8 

1 
2 






















Testers 


9 






















Do 


8 












































Total 


3 




3 
























3 
9 
9 






















Watchmen 


2 
3 
4 


"Y 


2 
3 
6 






2 
















Wire chiefs 


























1 






2 




























Grand total 


105 


307 


412 




6 


3 




2 


78 




76 


2 


76 











INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 
HOME TELEPHONE COMPANY, KANSAS CITY, MO. 





8i 

8* 
9 
9 
8f 

9 
8§ 

8 


1 
3 
6 

1 

3 
10 


...... 

....... 

6 


1 
3 
6 
1 
1 

3 
18 
6 






















Bookkeepers 

Cable splicers 










































Carpenters 












































Clerks.. 














2 








Do.. 


















4 
4 


Do.. 
















1 




















Total 


13 


14 


27 














2 


1 




8 




8* 
8| 
8* 
9 

9 

8 

81 

9 

8 


Clerks, chief. . 


2 
16 

1 
2 

11 
2 




2 
16 
1 
2 

11 
2 






















Collectors 






















Draftsmen 






















Drivers 






















Foremen 










Do.. . 




Total 


13 




13 






















Foremen, general 


1 


1 

1 
1 




















Inspectors 


1 
1 
























Do 














































Total 


2 




2 


















9 

8 

9 
Si 


Installers 


7 

1 
10 


1 


7 
1 

1 
10 






















Instructors 




















1 


Janitors 


















1 

2 


Do 






Total 


11 




11 


















3 






9 
9 
8 


Laborers 


16 
43 


1 16 

43 

2 1 2 














Linemen 







| 




1 


"~2~ 


Matrons 


...1 




...J.... 


[.... 





CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



259 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 
SOUTHWESTERN TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, DALLAS, TEX.— Concl'd. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 
under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 












1 
1 




1 
































1 




































































1 




2 




1 
























































1 




1 








3 




2 




1 
















































1 




1 




































































1 




1 












1 










































































































1 
2 




1 




1 
























1 


























































10 


47 


7 


13 


18 


3 


13 


6 17 


2 


26 .... 2 




1 






a- 


INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 
HOME TELEPHONE COMPANY, KANSAS CITY, MO. 



10 



» ■ 



26 



260 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES— Continued. 

HOME TELEPHONE COMPANY, KANSAS CITY, MO.— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 




- 




Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Messengers 


8i 
8 


3 
3 


...„. 


3 

2 






2 




1 












Do 










1 




1 
1 


















Total . 


2 


5 






2 




1 






1 






8 
8 
8 
8 

9 
8 












..... 

15 
1 


365 

17 

4 

33 


365 

18 

4 

33 

15 
1 












Ill 




195 
3 




59 
4 
1 

32 














Operators, chief, assistant . . 
Operators, senior 






























1 




Repair men 
















Do 












































Total 


16 




16 
























8J 

8| 

9 
8* 












=■= 


= 








Solicitors 


3 

1 

1 
1 


...... 


3 

4 

1 
1 




























































Do 












































Total 


2 




2 
























8£ 

8 

9 

9 

9 

9 






3 
...... 

6 
3 
17 


"53 


3 

53 
3 
6 
3 
17 


































2 




9 




27 








































































1 
3 


210 


3 

7 
















Grand total 


196 ' 495 


691 






2 




1 


113 


135 











HOME TELEPHONE COMPANY 


, LOUISVILLE, KY. 










Clerks 


9 
5 




5 
3 


5 
3 












1 








3 


Do 








1 






2 




















Total 




8 


8 








1 




1 




2 




3 




9 

9 

8 
7 
5 














1 

64 
8 
15 
38 


1 

64 

8 

15 

38 
















1 


1 










5 

1 

15 




25 
4 




u 

3 




Do 












Do.. 














Do... . 




38 


































Total 




125 


125 




38 




21 




29 




37 








9 

8 
5 








Operators, chief 




1 
1 
1 


1 
1 
1 






















Do 






















Do 




















1 






















Total. 




3 


3 




















1 




9 

8 






















Operators, chief, assistant... 
Do 




1 

1 


1 

1 




































1 


























Total... 




2 


2 
















1 








9 
5 


























6 
3 


6 
3 




















3 
1 


Do 
















2 
2 




















Total 




9 


9 
















4 






















Grand total 




148 


148 




38 




22 




30 




42 




9 









CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



261 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES— Continued. 

HOME TELEPHONE COMPANY, KANSAS CITY, MO.— Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 
under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and $50 and 

under under 

$50. $60. 


$60 and $70 and 
under under 

$70. $80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 

$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


























































































































1 






...J 




























































































fi 




1 
1 









1 










i 
















.... 2 
























































| 












1 
1 




13 




1 










































I 


































1 












•2 




13 




1 






















........ 


















.. I 












1 


2 






















1 


1 










1 




1 






























1 








































1 


































































1 




I 


1 


































1 
















































1 




2 






14 


.... 


1 








































1 
2 




1 
1 






























3 
1 
1 






























2 
5 


















2 




3 




1 










1 
































8 


24 


31 


7 


16 


2 21 


2 22 


1 


55 1 


20 




6 




2 




2 .... 









HOME TELEPHONE COMPANY 


LOUISVILLE, KY 














1 


1 














































i 














1 






























1 


...J 


















































- 






























i 






l i 




































j 






. i 


































! 




















...J.... 










i 




""!:"" 










1 






...J.... 




' 'l 


















1 






1 










1 
























1 




...J.... 






! 






















i 
























l 


















i 








1 
































































| 














































1 












l 


















1 










































1 
















1 








...J.... 


























1 






• 1 













r- 













!"•"■ 














1 










































































3 




















































































































3 
4 












































































2 












l 



















































262 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd 
INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES— Concluded. 

MARYLAND TELEPHONE COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MD. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 
under 
$30. 


$30 and 
under 
$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Clerks 


91 
91 
9* 

10 
9J 
9 


......... 


2 
1 
1 

1 
53 
23 


2 

1 
1 

1 
54 
23 












1 
1 




1 






























1 


























1 

35 

3 






Do 


1 






1 
13 




14 
7 






1 


Do... 


















Total 


1 


77 


78 


1 






14 




21 




39 




1 




9J 
9 










1 

4 


1 

4 
















1 

1 




Do 












1 
























Total. 




5 


5 












1 




2 








9 
9 




















""{' 


1 
3 
1 


1 
3 

2 




ol 


































1 




1 


ol 




































2 


91 


93 


2 


o2 




15 




24 




42 




2 







AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 
BOSTON, MASS. 



Clerks 


9 
8 
6 




4 
2 
2 


4 
2 
2 




















1 
2 


Do 




















Do 










































Total 




8 


8 




















3 




9 

8 
























...... 


1 


1 
1 






















Do 













































Total 


1 


1 


2 














8 
9 

9 
8 

61 
6 






















Inspectors 


2 


...... 

' 38 
2 
6 
5 


2 
1 

38 
2 
6 
5 




























































8 
1 
6 
2 




7 


Do. . 
















Do 
















Do 






































8 


Total 




51 


51 
















17 




8 
6 






















2 

* 1 


2 

1 






















Do 














































Total 




3 


3 
























8 

9 

6 
























Operators, chief assistant . . . 


1 


1 

4 
2 


2 






















Supervisors 


4 

2 






















Do 














































Total 




6 


6 
























8 
8 
8 


























1 1 

-tI.... 1 . 


1 
1 
1 






















Telegraph operators 

Traffic chiefs 
































































Grand total 


5 1 73 


78 
















17 




11 















a Under $10. 



b Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



263 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 

OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES— Concluded. 

MARYLAND TELEPHONE COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MD. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were- 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 
under 
$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




































































































1. 




























































1 




1 
































* 






























































I 


I 


1 




1 














1 






.... ... 


....L.. 
























































1 


i 


777717777 


— 


1 
















1 








































i 




1 














1 












i 


1 




























































i 








2 






























1 
















































































4 1 


1 












1 














....1.... 







































AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 
BOSTON, MASS. 









1 




2 
































































1 






1 






























































1 




1 




3 








.. .. 




























































1 
















































1 




































































1 








1 












































































1 








1 


























1 




















11 




9 




2 




1 


























































































3 












































































14 




9 




2 




1 






















































1 




















1 


































1 




























































1 














1 




1 
































































1 










1 






















1 




3 
1 




























1 




























— 








































1 




1 




4 


























- — 


— 




































1 
1 






























































































1 
















































15 




12 1 1 fi 




2 




1 


2 


1 


1 


...1 2 


































264 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCTJPATIONS-^Cont'd. 
AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. 

CHICAGO, ILL. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Clerks 


9 

8 


1 

4 


4 
10 


5 
14 






















Do... 
















1 




2 


















Total 


5 


14 


19 
















1 




2 




8* 
8 
















Clerks, chief 


1 


...... 


1 

1 






















Do 












































Total 


1 


1 


2 
























9 
6 






















Examiners 




1 
1 


1 

1 






















Do 













































Total 




2 


2 

T 

1 

1 
1 


















8 
9 

7 
5 


1 


= 


= 


= 


= 


= 


= 


= 


- 


= 


===== 




...... 

1 
1 


Instructors 






















Matrons 






















Do 
















1 


























Total 




2 


2 
















1 








81 
8 
6 






















Messengers 


...... 


2 
'"~2 


2 
1 
2 








2 














Do 








1 












Do 








2 

































Total 


1 


4 


5 








4 


1 










9 
6 










== 


- 


= 


== 


Monitors 


1 
1 


1 
1 














Do. 












































Total 




2 


2 
























9 

7| 
6 
























Operators 




69 
1 
1 

32 


69 
1 
1 

32 












1 




39 




6 


Do 












Do 






















Do 
















15 




4 


















Total 




103 

r 

1 
1 


103 












1 


= 


54 


= 


10 




8 
6 



















Operators, chief : 


1 
1 
1 














Do 






















Do 












































Total 




3 

1 

2 

2 
5 

2 

4 


3 
























8| 
8 

9 

6| 
6 














= 


= 


= 


= 


=== 


Operators, chief, assistant . . 


1 
2 

2 
5 
2 
4 












Stenographers 






















Supervisors 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total , 




13 

r 


13 

1 

1 
1 






















Telegraph operators 

Traffic chiefs 


8 
7 
8| 


...... 

1 


= 


= 














= 


= 


= 


= 






















Traffic chiefs, assistant 


























l 


















Grand total 


10 


149 1 59 








4 


1 


1 




56 




12 

















CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



265 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 
AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. 

CHICAGO, ILL. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$G0 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and $90 and 
under ! under 
$90. $100. 


$100 and . 
under * 
$125. 


;125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 






1 


3 
2 




1 

1 




















i 








1 




2 


1 


1 


2 
































'-= 


Ij 2 


5 




2 




2 
















I 


























1 
























1 




1 








1 














1 












j 








I 















































1 










1 








































1 


1 


































! 








































































| ... 


2 






























































































1 




























1 


























1 














































































































1 
























































































| 






































1 






































i 










































































1 
































































1 
1 














































































































2 












..1... 


























































8 




12 
1 




3 








1 
















































1 
8 


































5 




























































= 


17 


= 


18 




3 












I ... 














= == 


— 


===== 


===== 


= 


= 


= 


i 


== 


1 




= 


= 


== 












1 














1 




























1 


































































1 








1 










1 






















































1 
































2 








































2 
5 
1 
3 










































































1 


































1 






































































1 




1 




11 




----1 




































1 


1 






== 






: = 




= 






















1 
1 


























































19 


~~2 


28~ 




~9~ 




14 


'■ r 


4 


4 


1 






2~ 




1 














1 













266 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. 

CINCINNATI, OHIO. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Clerks 


9 
8£ 





1 
2 


1 
2 






















Do 
















1 


























Total 


3 


3 
















1 








9 
9 

9 
8§ 

8 
























1 


..... 

18 
2 
6 


1 

1 

18 
2 
6 






























1 




























4 
2 

4 




3 


Do 
















Do 


















2 


















Total 




26 

r 

i 
i 

4 
1 


26 

1 
1 
1 

4 

1 
















10 


= 


5 




9 

8 
8J 

9 
8 




===== 


= 


= 


===== 


===== 


====== 


= 


Operators, chief 




Operators, chief, assistant... 


































































Do 




















• 

























Total 




5 


5 














































Grand total 


1 


38 


39 








1 








11 




5 



















KANSAS CITY, MO. 





9i 

9£ 
9 
8 


1 


2 
4 
1 


1 

2 
4 
1 






1 




































Do 
















3 
1 






Do 




































Total 




7 


7 
















4 








9£ 






















Operators, chief 




1 


1 
















• 






























1 


8 


9 






1 










4 



























MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 



Clerks 


9 

9 

8J 




3 

9 
2 
2 


3 

9 
2 
2 






















Operators 
















4 

1 
1 




3 

1 


















Do 




































Total 




13 


13 
















6 




4 




9 
8f 






















1 
1 


1 
1 






















Do 












































Total 




2 


2 














































4 






18 


18 
















6 

























CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



267 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. 

CINCINNATI, OHIO. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and $50 and 

under ! under 

$50. ! $60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 

under 

$100. 


$100 and 

under 

$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


H. 


F. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




1 






















| 












1 






i 








:::::::::: 


1 






1 
































1 


...J 1 






1 1 








. ..1 


..1 . 






....L... 
















i 




= 














1 














1 






























| i 










10 




1 












i 




































































i 


























































10 




1 












...J 








[.... 
























































1 




































1 

1 




































































1 

1 




3 










































































































2 




3 


































































11 




4 




3 


1 2 




1 















































KANSAS CITY, MO. 















I 




























2 

1 










1 




































































:::::::::::: 
































































3 


















































































I 




i 




























































3 
















i 

























































MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 





1 
1 




1 

1 








1 






















































































.... 


1 








































































2 




1 








1 






























































1 
































1 






























*"*: 






































1 




1 




1 






















































.... 3 




3 




1 




1 































































268 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. 

NEW YORK, N. Y. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 
under 
$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Clerks 


10 

8 
7 

6| 
6 


....... 

1 


8 
5 
6 
1 
1 


8 
7 

7 
1 
1 




















Do 












1 








Do 




















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


3 


21 


24 














1 










8 

9 

8 
7 






















1 

1 
1 


..... 

1 


1 

1 
2 
1 








































Do 






















Do 












































Total 


2 


2 


4 
























9 

9 

8 


























1 

2 
1 


1 

2 

1 












































Do... 












































Total 




3 


3 
























8} 

10 
9 
7 
6* 


























2 




2 

126 

7 

30 

24 






1 




1 












Operators 


126 

7 

30 

24 










12 




7 
1 
7 
6 


Do 
















Do 
















4 




Do 




































Total 




187 

1 
1 
1 


187 

1 
1 






1 








16 


= 


21 




9 
8 
6 







= 














= 


Operators, chief 




Do 






















Do 
























i 






._ 










Total 




3 


3 


I 




















9 

8 

9 
7 
6 




! 


















Operators, chief, assistant. . . 




4 
2 

28 


4 
2 

28 
1 
7 










































Supervisors 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 




36 


36 
























8 

9 

8 

7 
























Telegraph operators 


...... 

1 




1 

1 
4 
1 






















Traffic chiefs 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


5 




6 














































Grand total 


13 


261 


274 






1 




1 




1 


16 




21 











CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



269 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF LABOR, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS-Cont'd. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. 

NEW YORK, N. Y. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M 


F. 


M 


F. 


M. 


F 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 












1 
1 

1 




6 

1 
3 


...... 

1 


1 
1 




























1 
1 
1 






1 




















1 




















































1 








i 




















































1 




3 




3 




11 


2 


2 




1 


























































1 




































1 


































1 










1 


















1 










































































1 








1 


1 




1 








1 


























































1 
























2 
1 








































































I 
































3 
















































































































22 
4 
6 
3 




51 

2 
7 

7 




24 




10 




















































3 

7 




3 

1 












































































35 




67 




34 




14 


























I 




































1 


























































1 
































1 






























































1 












1 








1 


















I 






































1 




3 
































2 

12 

1 
3 






























16 




































































1 




3 






























































1 




19 




16 




1 




3 






















































1 
1 


















































































2 

1 




1 




1 






















































1"" 






































1 






3 




1 




1 




































36 




73 -..- 


39 




45 


2 23 


1 


3 


4 


4 


1 




2 1 























270 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Clerks 


8 
6 


1 


12 

1 


13 

1 






















Do 













































Total j 


1 


13 


14 










































8 
8 
8 
8 
8 

9 

8 
7 
6 


...... 

"T 


1 

1 

2 

51 
3 
6 

13 


1 
1 
1 
2 

1 

51 
3 
6 

13 






















































































2 








1 
























2 




5 




16 
1 

1 
4 


Do 












Do 
















1 
2 




Do 




















1 




j 








Total 




73 


73 


1 






2 


8 




22 




8 

8 
G 




















... 


1 

2 

1 


1 












L. 








Operators, chief, assistant . . 
Do 


2 

1 




























































Total 




3 


3 















































Stenographers 


8 

8 
6 




1 

9 

2 


1 

9 
2 










































Do 












































Total 




11 


11 
























8 
























Traffic chiefs, assistant 


2 




2 


















, 
























Grand total 


5 


106 ! 






1 






2 




8 




24 



















PITTSBURG, PA. 



Clerks 


9 

8^- 




1 

2 


1 

2 








" 














Do 




















1 






















Total 




3 


3 




















1 




8i 
8} 

9 
7 
6J 






















Clerks, chief 


1 

1 


21 
9 
3 


1 
1 

21 
9 
3 






















Inspectors 






















Operators 












2 

1 




1 
3 
1 




5 
3 
1 


Do 












Do. 




























Total 




33 


33 












3 




5 




9 




8 

8£ 
7 














Operators, chief 




1 

1 
1 


1 

1 
1 






















Operators, chief, assistant. . . 
Do 
































































Total 




2 


2 

















































CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



271 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A..— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd 
AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 ani. 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 

$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 








9 

1 




3 






1 










































! 










































1 




10 




3 






1 












1 















































....! ... 






1 










1 . 




















....L 




1 




































1 












































i 



















































16 
2 
1 

4 




9 




3 














, 






























1 












3 
3 












i 









































































23 




15 




3 






1 


! 






1 . 






















1 
























1 




1 






1 
























1 
1 




1 
































































































2 


1 






















































1 

4 
1 






1 
























1 
1 






4 


|" r 
























1 ! 1 






























i 
























2 




5 


4 


L |..__ 
























1 i 






























, i....| L. 






1 


= 


1 

1 






















1 






= 


—* 






23 




27 




12 1 


6 


2 1 3 1 






1 

























PITTSBURG, PA. 









1 










































1 




































i 




































iL. 


1 




























































































i 
































1 




















4 




4 

1 




5 
1 


























































1 






































































5 




5 




6 
















































































1 
































1 

1 
















































































































2 








1 . 






























"""'I 




i 















272 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Ta^le V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

A— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Concluded. 

PITTSBURG, PA.— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 


Number of em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Stenographers • 


8h 

9 

7 




1 

4 


1 

4 

1 












































Do 












































Total 




5 


5 
























8 
Si 
























Telegraph operators 

Traffic chiefs 


...... 


1 


1 

1 
































































Grand total 


3 


46 


49 












3 




5 




10 

















ST. LOUIS, MO. 



Clerks . . 


8§ 
10 

9 

8§ 




3 

1 
1 

17 
3 


3 
1 

1 

17 
3 






















Instructors 






























1 




























3 




6 
2 


Do 




































Total 




20 


20 
















3 




8 




8i 
8i 

9 

7 


















Operators, chief 




1 
1 

2 


1 

1 

2 
1 






















Stenographers 












































Do 


| 1 












































Total 




3 


3 
























9 


























1 i 


1 






































Grand total 


1 


30 


31 








1 








3 




8 



















B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 





8* 
8 
1\ 

7 


4 

7 

"4" 


...... 


4 

7 
1 
4 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do.. 












































Total. . . 


15 


1 


16 
























8\ 
8 
























10 

28 




10 

28 






















Do 












































Total 


38 




38 
























10 

9 

8i 

81 

8 

7 
























5 

10 

60 

1 

152 

141 


""2 


5 

10 

60 

1 

154 

141 






















Do... 






















Do 






















Do... 






















Do 
















1 






Do 










































Total 


369 


2 


371 
















1 





























CHAPTEK III. GENERAL TABLES. 



273 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

A.— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Cont'd. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Concluded. 

PITTSBURG, PA.— Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


S45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


r. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 












1 






















1 


















4 
1 


















1 
























































































5 
















l 


























































1 












i 




























1 
























1 




















6 




8 




7 ! 


1 


1 


1 


1 




1 




1 
















1 







ST. LOUIS, MO. 





2 




1 


















[ 






! 


1 








1 










1 
































1"" 






........ 






7 
1 




1 




























i 


















































1"" 






] 




.... 


8 




1 


















1 








.. I .. 


















I 






i 


i 
















1 
1 


















i 






















































2 
1 




























































































— , — 














3 


















































































1 








i 






































= 






10 




2 




3 




3 










1 








.. .:!.... 

























B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 















1 






1 








1 




1 
3 




1 
1 
























3 






















1 


























i 




















4 
























































1 


1 




3,.... 


1 




4 




6 


































1 
3 




1 
8 




6 
5 




1 
9 












1 
1 

2 


















1 




1 
































4 




9 




11 




10 




1 




1 


= 




= 


™ 


= 


— 










1 




2 




1 
5 
9 


























1 




3 
5 










1 
10 
















6 




14 
1 

27 
8 










16 


































2 




15 




1 


*'"48"" 


19 
23 




7 
29 




17 
28 




17 
41 












12 






























2 






22 




53 


1 


75 




50 




36 




62 




69 

















29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 18 



274 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




9 
8 


14 
2 




14 
2 














1 








Do 










































Total 


16 




16 














1 










10 
9 

8 






















2 

4 
27 




2 

4 
27 




















Do 






















Do 


















2 






















Total . 


33 




33 


















2 






12 
9 

8 


















Blacksmiths 


1 
2 
4 




1 
2 
4 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total .-... 


7 




7 
























81 
8 
7 










= 




1 




= 






1 
2 
3 




1 
2 
3 
















Do 










1 










Do 
















1 






















Total 


6 




6 










1 




1 




1 






10 
9 

8| 
8* 
8 










Bookkeepers 


4 

4 

79 

2 

168 


3 

1 

14 

"*4i" 


7 

5 

93 

2 

209 






















Do 






















Do 














1 


3 


1 




Do 














Do 




a2 




1 




4 




13 


1 
2 


11 




Total 


257 


59 


316 




<*2 




1 




4 


1 


16 


11 




10 
9 

8 


Bricklayers 


2 
1 
3 




2 
1 
3 






















Do 






















Do... 












































Total 


6 




6 
























9 

10 
9 

8 





















Cabinetmakers 


1 

33 
126 

557 




1 

33 
126 

557 
















Cable splicers 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


716 




716 
























10 

9| 

8 






















Carpenters 


1 
3 

7 
41 




1 
3 

7 
41 




























*" 1 








Do 






















Do 












































Total 


52 




52 
























10 
9 

81 
8i 
8 
7 
























Cashiers 


1 
2 
4 
1 
32 
7 


...... 

"is" 

1 


1 
2 

5 
1 

47 
8 






















Do 






















Do 
















1 






Do 




















Do 




















1 


Do 










































Total 




47 


17 


64 
















1 




1 





















a Including 1 under $10. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



275 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and $100 and 
under under 
$100. $125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 1 F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


, 


1 




3 




6 
1 




2 
























1 





























































2 


1 




3 




7 




2 
























































1 
3 
3 




1 






























1 
2 


































4 




10 




1 




2 




3 
3 

















— 










3 




7 




5 




10 




1 




2 


























1 
.... 
























1 














1 




1 
3 






































1 
























.... 


































1 




4 








1 












1 








































1 






























1 










































1 




1 
























l 
































1 








1 




1 




















































1 






2 






1 


2 

1 
36 

1 
27 








1 






















2 
2 


1 i 1 
1 9 






















.... 4 


5 


5 


1 
.... 


17 

1 

93 




3 




1 




3 




1 




1 i 3 


1 


1 


1 


3 | 11 




2 


17 




7 




7 




2 


.... 


2 ; 7 


6 


8 


5 


5 | 21 


1 


67 


2 


111 


2 


21 




8 




10 




3 















1 












1 














































1 
3 






















































































1 












1 












4 














































1 




























H 








2 
5 
2 




4 

34 

207 




2 
12 
75 




11 
17 
51 




1 

17 
41 


























30 
63 




11 
112 








5 


1 
















18 


1 




9 




245 




89 




79 




59 




93 




123 














i 












1 
1 










































2 
3 
13 




















1 












2 
1 










1 

7 
























4 






2 






2 




12 


















1 












3 




6 




18 




2 




8 




2 




12 




















































1 
1 
2 
















1 
























































1 
6 
1 








































1 




4 






2 


6 

1 


6 


1 


3 

1 


1 


6 
2 




3 
3 




1 


6 


































1 




4 






3 


7 


7 1 1 


4 


1 


8 




6 




9 


1 


10 















276 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

B— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



• 


Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 


Number of em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 
under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Chauffeurs, drivers, hostlers, 
and stablemen. 
Do 


12 

10 
9 

8 
(a) 


19 

62 
18 
54 
15 




19 

62 
18 
54 
15 










































Do 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


168 




168 
























12 
11 
10 
9 
8| 
8i 
8i 
8 
7* 

n 

7 
6| 
6f 
6* 
6 
5 
4 
(a) 






















Clerks 


1 

1 

15 

221 

1 

*>304 

13 

1,477 

"6i6" 


1 

'"45" 

282 

34 

6 310 

8 

767 

34 

1 

357 

4 

4 

1 

3 

2 

2 

6 


2 
1 

60 

503 

35 

644 

21 

2,244 

34 

1 

967 

4 

4 

1 

3 

2 

2 

13 






















Do 






















Do 














1 
1 


4 
15 

1 
66 

1 
87 

2 


"8 

13' 
1 

35 


12 
53 

2 
34 

1 
102 

4 


Do 






1 




1 


3 


Do 






Do 






3 




1 
1 
6 


18 


8 


Do. . 






Do 




5 


6 


9 

1 


33 


19 


Do 


Do 














Do 










15 


11 


10 


54 


36 


104 


Do 










Do 






















Do 
















1 






Do 












1 








Do 








1 












Do 




1 






1 










Do 










1 


3 


2 


















Total 


62,650 


61,861 


4,541 




6 


10 


11 


24 


67 


39 


232 


96 


314 




10 
9 
81 
8i 
8* 
8 

7 
5! 


Clerks, chief 


...... 

""2\ 
1 

79 

1 

15 


4 
16 
2 
2 

*"i2" 
...... 


4 
17 

2 
23 

1 
91 

1 
15 

1 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


118 


37 


155 
























9 

8i 
8 






















Clerks, chief, assistant 


'"2 

2 


1 
...... 


1 
2 
3 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


4 


2 


6 
























10 
9 

8h 
81 
8 

7 






















Collectors 


4 

4 

78 

9 

329 

67 


""2" 
"*43" 


4 
6 

78 

9 

372 

67 






















Do 
















1 




1 


Do 
















Do 






















Do 


1 


1 




3 




13 


6 


10 


2 


6 


Do 
























Total 


491 


45 


536 


1 


1 




3 




13 


6 


11 


2 


7 




8* 
8i 
8 


Collectors, chief 


1 
1 
7 




1 
1 

7 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


9 




9 















































'Not reported. 



b Not including 30, sex not reported. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



277 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and j $45 and 

under under 

$45. ' $50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and ! $80 and 
under under 
$80. $90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 














5 

27 
6 

21 
4 








9 

11 
1 

8 


1 




4 
1 












6 








10 
2 






4 
8 
7 

1 






3 










1 
3 






















5 




5 




5 














10 






































6 




4 22 




63 


| 20 




29 




6 




10 




8 




















1 


1 
1 
5 

38 
1 

54 

2 

262 


i 
















































1 
13 

"s 

'36" 
23* 


14 
86 

3 
54 

3 
139 
22 


2 

36 

'36" 

2 

53 


13 

89 
26 
81 

"ieiT 
1 


1 
42 


1 
32 


1 
3 

2 
29 

2 
97 

1 


2 

47 


"i" 


2 
20 




1 
3 






















1 




















17 

1 
50 


15 
1 

90 
1 


72 

4 

311 


12 

"§i" 

1 


45 
2 

296 




23 


1 


10 




10 




7 




7 
1 


203 




121 


3 


71 


1 


8 




1 




...J.... 


















51 
3 

4 


25 


78 
1 


25 


12 44 


21 


141 


18 


76 


4 


64 


3 


71 




43 


1 


37 








































.... 
































2 

1 
















































































































-1 » 




1 








1 


3 




1 












































88 | 384 


154 


453 


136 


153 


408 


157 


580 


63 


442 


12 


294 


4 


202 


3 


125 


2 


52 














1 


3 

12 

1 
1 




























1 


1 




2 

1 
1 










1 
























































6 




2 




1 

1 

12 

1 

1 




5 




7 


























2 




6 


2 


1 


5 




11 


1 


14 






17 


2 


18 










































1 




13 










1 
































































1 


4 


= 


11 


2 


18 


5 




17 


2 


16 




16 




W 


2 | 38 !.-- 





= 


_ 




1U | 










1 


















































1 
1 








1 
























1 








1 


















































1 














1 








2 1 






1 














































3 

2 

8 
3 
60 
2 












1 




1-.. 


















1 






1 
47 
























19 

1 

13 






2 

1 

52 

14 




2 




:::; 














...„ 


4 
39 


1 














4 


2 


1 


66 
9 


1 




6 
15 




.... 


1 




1 






27 


























4 


2 


33 


3 


44 


1 


78 


1 


123 11 69 




24 




*[ 


1 




1 


























1 




















1 








































3 






3 




1 




































•_._L___L_. 








1 








3 






3 




2 






""""I 1 
















' 






278 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




8 
10 

10 


"Y 

55 
9 


9 


9 
1 

55 
9 


































































Do 


8 










































Total 


64 




64 














...J 




























9 
8§ 

8 
7 


2 

4 

52 

10 


! 2 

! 4 

2 i 54 
10 






1 










Do 
















....I 


Do 














1 


Do .. 






...j . 
.. .. 






. i .. 


















Total 


68 


2 70 


I 










1 




8| 

8 

7 




I 








Draftsmen, chief 


1 
3 

1 


::::::! 1 

1 




1 






| 




Do 




1 












Do 


1 






























Total 


5 


5 


...J.... 


















10 
9 




















6 
10 




6 
10 


I 
















Do 


...J.... 






i 




























Total 


16 


16 


...:|..,. 






i 






1 




12 
10i 
10" 
9 

8 














i 


Elevator conductors 


2 
1 

13 
5 
2 




2 
1 

13 
5 
2 


....L... 












...1 


Do 














1 


Do 


........ 








2 




1 


Do .. 


........ 








Do... 
































Total 


23 




23 


....L... 






| 


2 




l| 




12 
10 
9 

? 

7 


i 










4 
6 
14 
20 
49 
62 




4 
6 
14 
20 
49 
62 














... .1 


Do 


















Do 










I 








1 


Do 










! 






- 


Do 










""""I 








Do... 




































Total. 


155 




155 










1 






1 




12 
9 

8 
7 
















Engineers, assistant 

Do . 


1 
5 
1 
4 
74 




1 










1 








5 

1 

4 

74 




















Do... 




















Do 










1 










Do 
































1 










Total 


85 




85 










1 












8 
8* 

H 

12 
10 

9 

8i 

8 

7 




















8 
3 
1 

1 

30 

145 

3 

428 
7 


...... 


8 
3 
1 

1 
30 
145 

3 
429 

7 










...J 




















1 .. 






















































Do 




















Do 






















Do 






















Do .. 






















Do 












































Total 


614 


1 


615 















































CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



279 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 
under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 

$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 








2 




2 




3 








































1 




























49 
8 




6 






























1 


































































1 




57 




6 








I 










































1 












1 








































3 

11 
2 




1 

13 

1 




















1 




2 






1 


8 




1 


10 
3 




4 
3 




2 
1 








































2 




2 






1 


9 




16 




15 


1 


13 




7 




3 














































1 
1 
































1 














1 

1 


























































































| 




1 








2 




| 


2 L. 






























i 






1 








1 

3 








2 
2 




1 








1 




| 


1 












3 












1 






























1 




1 








4 




3 




4 




1 








1 




1 






































2 
























1 
1 


































4 










4 
4 

1 




1 


























1 
1 






























































































4 




2 




2 




9 




1 




2 


















































1 




1 
5 
3 
2 
6 
2 








2 






























1 
3 
2 
4 
8 






























3 






2 
1 
3 
2 




1 

1 
9 
13 




1 
6 
10 
9 




1 

8 

16 

26 






























1 

2 










































1 


7 




19 |._.. 


18 




10 




24 




26 




51 
























1 


















1 




















| 






2 




3 
























1 
















1 






























1 
21 




1 
15 






2 
15 

17 












........ 






3 




9 






11 




































5 




12 




22 




17 




12 










































1 
2 




7 






































1 








































1 




























1 

7 
38 






























1 
5 




2 
22 






14 
42 




1 

26 

1 

106 




5 
3 








1 














8 
2 
34 




















1 




3 




5 




21 


1 


33 




47 






178 












7 








































1 




1 




3 




11 




45 


1 


79 .... 


103 




134 




186 


.... 51 





280 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 


Number of em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




10 
9 

8 


1 

13 

25 




1 
13 
25 








Do. . 






















Do 












































Total 


39 




39 














1 








10 
9 

8* 

8 

7 


= 












1 






Foremen, general 


2 

7 
3 
5 
4 




2 

3 

5 
4 








Do. . 












...... 






Do... 




















Do*.. 




















Do... 












































Total 


21 




21 
























10 

9 

8 






















Foremen, general, assistant. 
Frame men 


1 

7 
29 




1 

7 
29 








































Do 













































Total 


36 




36 






















9 

10 
9 
8i 

8 

n 

7 
(a) 
























15 

51 

151 

15 

533 

1 

16 

1 


...„. 


15 

51 

151 

15 

537 

1 

16 
1 












































Do 














1 








Do 




















Do 












1 




1 




Do.. 












Do... 




















Do 










































Total 


768 


4 


772 














2 




1 






8i 
8 
















3 

8 




3 
8 






















Do .. 













































Total 


11 




11 






















10 
9 
8i 
8 






= 





= 





2 
11 

1 

1 





2 
2 





Installers 


36 

353 

5 

1,066 




36 

353 

5 

1,066 












Do 














Do... 














Do... 
















11 


















Total 


1,460 




1,460 














15 




15 






8 
9 
8 
















2 
...... 

3 


2 
4 
44 


2 

2 
5 
47 












































Do 






















Do 












1 






























Total 


4 


50 


54 












1 












8 
8 

15 
12 
10 

9 

Sh 

8 

64 

6 






















1 

6 

1 

18 
49 
94 

"m 


""19' 
25 

3 

18 
10 

2 


1 
6 

1 

18 

68 

119 

3 

140 

10 

2 






















Investigators, claims dept. . . 










































Do 






















Do 


Vi" 


1 
c5 




2 
2 


"2 


2 
2 
1 

2 


"5" 


6 
15 
2 
2 
9 
1 


1 

1 


7 
1 


Do... 


Do 


Do 


dn 


«2 


5 


4 


7 


5 


5 


Do... 


Do 


















1 



'■ Not reported. 



*> Under $10. 



c Including 4 under $10. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



281 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


















1 


































1 
2 






3 

10 




1 
6 




5 
3 




2 

2 




1 


















2 
































3 




3 




13 




7 




8 




4 




1 




























1 






















2 














:::::::::: 








1 




1 






2 




3 

1 
2 


























2 
2 
4 
































1 






























































































1 


= 


1 


= 


3 


= 


6 
1 


= 


10 







— 








= 


































6 
1 








1 

4 






































14 




9 








1 










































7 








5 




14 




9 








1 


































= 












13 

3 

4 




2 

10 

31 

3 

80 


























1 
1 








"Y 


15 

75 

2 

138 

1 




15 

31 

4 

119 




6 

4 

1 

60 




1 




















4 

3 

35 
















1 

81 


"2 




7 




4 




4 


1 


3 




.... 














1 






5 




4 




1 




3 




2 


















1 










































6 




4 


1 


10 




125 


1 


232 




174 




75 




84 


2 


45 




10 |.„. 


























1 












2 
































5 




3 .... 




























































1 








5 




5 '-..- 


































= 


1 
19 




11 

5 




5 
56 




13 

92 

3 

249 








2 

59 




















100 

1 
288 






7 




2 
















1 


9 




17 




16 






261 




94 




111 




9 




1 




1 


29 




33 




77 




357 




389 




322 




101 




113 




9 











































2 


















i 




1 
1 

13 


























1 

1 










1 
6 




1 
2 










1 
3 










9 




10 






1 






1 
















2 




9 




11 




15 




7 




3 




1 






4 


1 










1 
























































1 








1 




1 




3 


















1 






























14 
2 

1 




4 




















6 
3 


1 


3 

8 




18 
13 




19 
60 


































































5 


2 

1 


10 


1 


19 




40 




11 




2 




1 




1 



























































d Including 7 under $10. 



'Including 1 under $10. 



282 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

B— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued . 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

815. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




5 
4 
3| 
3 

f 

1 


..... 
"""26' 


1 
1 
1 

11 
1 
9 
1 
3 


11 
10 
29 
















1 






Do 


.... 

'd~2~ 


ol 
1 
2 

1 
67 
ol 
o2 
















Do 


















Do 




2 




2 




3 




2 


Do 


Do 




2 














Do 














Do 


1 


1 


5 




12 




4 






Total 


311 


105 


416 


«15 


/23 


6 


13 


14 


9 


22 


39 


11 


16 




8 

12 
10 
9 
8* 

8 
(0 






1 

3 
160 
145 

2 
495 

2 


..... 


1 

3 
160 

145 
2 

496 
2 












































Do 














3 
8 




3 
4 




Do 














Do 














Do 


ol 












4 




18 




Do 


































Total 


807 


1 


808 


ol 












15 




25 






10 
9 

8 














121 

631 

1,276 




121 

631 

1,276 












1 




32 
4 

4 




Do... 














Do 














5 


















Total 


2,028 




2,028 














6 




40 






9 

8 
















30 

7 




30 

7 














5 




2 




Do. 




































Total. 


37 




37 














5 




2 






10 
9 
Sh 

8i 

8 
7 
5 
















7 
29 
19 

1 
181 
20 

1 


...... 

2 
"""8" 


7 
30 
21 

1 
189 
20 

1 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 


2 




1 




2 








2 


2 


Do.. 








Do.. 












































Total 


258 


11 


269 


2 




1 




2 








2 


2 




10 
9 
81 

8 

7 








Managers, assistant 


3 
8 
9 
36 
3 


"'l' 


3 

8 
9 

40 
3 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 




















1 


Do 










































Total 


59 


4 


63 




















1 




12 
10 

9i 

9 

8| 

8^ 

8 

7 

6i 

5 




















Matrons 




1 
7 
1 

35 
7 

27 

67 
4 
1 

16 


1 

7 
1 

35 
7 

27 

67 
4 
1 

16 








1 














Do 


















3 

1 
10 


Do 




















Do... 




2 








2 




8 




Do... 








Do 
















1 
6 






Do 








3 




9 






21 
3 


Do 








Do... 
















1 
16 




Do... 










































Total 




166 


166 




2 




4 




11 




32 




38 









a Under $10. 



b Including 5 under $10. 



c Not reported. 



CHAPTER til. GENERAL TABLES. 



283 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and i $45 and 

under under 

$45. $50. 


$50 and $60 and ! $70 and 

under under under 

$60. $70. $80. 


$80 and $90 and 

under under 

$90. $100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. F. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. M. 


F. : M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 
































































































........ 


































































I 


:::::::: 


















! 












1 


........ 








































5! 



















































16 


4 21 : 1 SO .... 


120 ' 28 


....[ 6 


...J i 


1 
























i 






1 


















1 
31 
99 






2 
3 

1 














2 
9 








115 .... 
23 


| 3 


















1 
















2 
Q6 




















35 


i | 46 






189 
2 




96 




9 


.... i 














































46 


1 | 47 


236 L... 


322 




99 


.... 15 


....! l 


1 








1 






24 
14 
32 








10 


18 
137 
205 




35 
149 
235 


1 














6 

12 




6? 






219 
341 




40 
119 













116 


.... 196 




11 














70 




18 


188 




360 




419 




561 




159 


....[ 196 




11 














5 






5 




6 

1 




6 

1 




1 

2 






















1 


.... 1 


.... i 




















5 






6.... 


7 




7 




3 




1 


.... 1 


.... i 




























1 








3 
8 
2 


i 


2 
8 
2 








1 
2 

6 

1 

41 
3 












1 


" 




2 
2 






3 




5 

3 


















4 




?. 
























1 


1 






2 


16 
8 


3 


17 
3 
1 




35 
3 




28 

1 




7 

1 




29 

1 


















































1 1 


! i| ^ 


29 


3 


25 




51 


l 


41 




11 




38 




54 


2 
















2 
4 
3 
5 

1 








1 
3 
2 
12 
















1 


































2 
4 






1 
5 






1 






i 2 






1 


3 




5 


1 










2 




























.... 1 2 


I....I 1 


3 




6 


1 | 6 




15 


.... 6 




18 




3 


























.... 3 






1 










l j 






































5 


S 




2 

5 

4 




1 
4 
5 

1 
1 










1 




















3 

10 



























6 
17 




























3 












3 
































































































































31 


.. 12 




12 












3 


























1 i : 1 















d Including 1 under $10. 



« Including 9 under $10. 



/ Including 14 under $10. 



284 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

B— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 


Number of em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 

5 
9 


F. 


Messengers 


10 
9 

8f 
8§ 

8 

71 

7 

6i 

6J 

6 

5| 

4 


24 
53 

""43' 

201 

4 

50 

...... 

2 
...„. 


2 
9 
7 
5 
10 

...„. 
...„. 


26 

62 
7 

48 

211 

4 

50 
2 
1 
2 
- 2 
2 


3 

4 




10 

8 


2 
3 
7 
5 
5 


1 

7 


"6" 


4 
24 




Do 


Do... 


Do 






11 

34 
3 
15 


25 
50 

1 
13 


'"2 


7 
87 








Do 


3 


3 




24 




Do 


Do 






'"2" 


15 




6 




Do 






Do. 






1 
2 














Do 




















Do 


a 2' 


2 
















Do... 






































Total 


380 


37 


417 


H2 


5 


84 


22 


97 


10 


137 




44 






10 
9 

8J 
8 
7 

6| 
6 


Monitors 


'""2" 
""2 


77 

40 

22 

53 

5 

3 

1 


77 

42 

22 

55 

5 

3 

1 




















1 
3 
6 
16 
3 
2 
1 


Do 
















1 




Do 
















Do. . 












1 


1 


2 




Do 












Do... 
















1 


.... 


Do 




































Total 


4 


201 


205 












1 


1 


4 




32 




14 
13 
12 

m 

ii 

10 

9 

8| 

81 

8 
7| 

n 

7 

6i 

6 

5# 

5f 

51 

I 4 

4 
(«) 












Operators 


"u 

29 
1 
5 

....„ 

36 

...... 

""2 

9 

...„. 

""i" 


1 

10 
1 

2^463" 

8 

3,276 

702 

2,789 

4,616 

13 

5 

119 

5 

23 

366 

233 

6 

152 

9 

1 

1,226 

30 

10 

2 

63 


1 

10 

15 

29 

1 

2,468 

8 

3,299 

702 

2,794 

4,652 

13 

5 

120 

5 

23 

368 

242 

6 

154 

9 

1 

1,226 

30 

10 

2 






















Do 




oi' 




2 




4 


*"i" 


4 






Do 


3 

7 




Do 










Do 


















Do 






1 


13 




114 
6 

490 
16 

116 

707 
5 


1 

"3" 
.... 

2 


282 

2 

898 

136 

457 

1144 

6 

1 

15 

2 

3 

263 

90 

3 

44 
4 


"2 

"2 
3 


751 

1174" 

263 

915 

1030 

1 

1 

61 

3 

12 

22 

4 


Do 


Do 


1 


i>9 


3 


112 


1 


Do 


Do 


c'8 


<*76 


"l 


10 
416 

1 


9' 


Do 


Do 


Do 








Do 








16 




1 


1 


Do 








Do 
















Do 




2 




42 
14 


""4" 


21 

121 
3 
6 
3 
1 

545 
1 
2 


1 

4 


Do 


Do 


Do 












2 


57 

1 


Do 








1 




Do 








Do 




5 
14 

7 
2 
3 




129 
15 

1 






273 




229 


Do 


Do 










Do 










Do 


64 j 




6 




18 


1 


15 




18 




Total 


128 


16, 129 


16, 257 


c9 


/119 


11 


778 


14 


2,180 


15 


3,642 


20 


4,542 




12 

!i J 

10 
9 
8f 
8* 
8 
7f 


Operators , chief 


12 
9 

"l 
10 

....... 


...... 

70 
162 
7 
106 
152 

2 


12 

9 

1 

71 

172 

7 

106 

155 

2 






















Do 






















Do 




















1 
5 

26 
1 
3 

13 


Do 
















1 
14 




Do 
















Do 
















Do 
















1 


9 


Do 








1 








Do 











o Under $10. 



b Including 1 under $10. 



c Including 2 under $10. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



285 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and : $40 and : $45 and ; $50 and ; $60 and \ $70 and 

under under ' under under 1 under under 

$40. $45. $50. • $60. $70. $80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
S100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. M. 


F. M. 


F. M. 


F. 


M. ! F. M. F. 

> t 


M. | F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


1 
1 

















































































1. 






















































1 




2 










n 


"*'l 


























i 




I____ 


















1 


















































































































































































































































































4 




2 
















|.... 












































... 


.... 


15 
10 
5 

1 




47 
21 

8 
16 

1 


.... 


13 
5 
1 
1 


...„. 


i 














































2 
6 




























4 
































































































1 


































38 




93 


1 


20 | 2 9 




4 


















































1 






































1 


















3 

3 




5 
16 

1 




1 




1 
3 
















































































1 


670 


577 


1 


56 


1 


















































6 

"i 


444 
119 
754 

747 


3 
"4' 


120 
168 
505 
303 




26 


4 


3 




































"*' 










1 


26 
160 



























3 


25 




3 




3 




i 





1 
























3 
6 




































16 






1 




2 




1 












































"i" 


7 
10 




1 
6 
































..:.!—— 


































































































29 




16 












































































































36 




8 








1 




































































































































2 








i 















































i 














15 


2,838 


29 


1 . 71 3 


3 


270 12 


38 




4 




3 






1 
























2 
2 








4 
6 




6 






























1 




























































"i" 


3 

21 


..... 


10 
31 


"2 


8 
19 


....„ 


11 

17 


1 


14 
8 
3 
22 
24 
1 


1 
2 


9 

11 

2 

9 

16 


..... 

""i 


4 
4 

1 
5 
4 




4 
10 




1 
1 
















14 
15 

1 




15 
21 


.... 


7 
15 




29 
33 










1 








2 


1 













<* Including 15 under $10. 



eNot reported. 



/Including 17 under $10. 



286 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




n 

7 

6i 

6 

5f 

5 

f 

(a) 


"'£ 


1 

2 
7 
5 

*"30' 
1 
1 
1 


1 
2 
7 
5 
3 

30 
1 
1 
1 






















Do 




















1 
3 


Do 




















Do 












1 








Do 




















Do 
















1 
1 




1 


Do 
















Do 


















1 


Do. 










































Total. 


38 


548 


586 






1 






1 




27 




55 




10 
9§ 
9 
81 

8h 
8 
6 

5 








Operators, chief, assistant. . 
Do 


""i" 


9 
1 

79 
3 
6 

39 
1 
1 
1 


9 

1 
80 
3 
6 
39 
1 
1 
1 




















1 




















Do 












1 




13 




5 


Do 












Do 






















Do . 
















2 






Do... 




















Do... 






















Do... 












































Total 


i 


140 


141 












1 




15 




6 




10 
9 
81 
8 
7 
61 
6 


Operators, senior. . . . 




95 
79 
27 
20 
8 
2 


95 
79 
27 
20 
8 
2 
1 






















Do 
















3 
1 
1 




18 

4 

14 


Do 
















Do . 
















Do 
















Do 




















2 

1 


Do... 








































Total. 




232 


232 
















5 




39 




10 
9 

81 

8 
7 
5 














Operators, student 

Do 


""io" 
" "io" 


35 
26 
30 
380 
186 
30 


35 
36 
30 
390 
186 
30 












34 


"s" 


1 






&3 
26 
c9 
611 
30 


~9~ 


23 

1 

124 

175 




1 




Do :.. 




3 
159 


Do 




82 




4 


Do... 


Do... 






















196 


3 


83 


1 


4 


Total 


20 


687 


707 




d79 


9 


323 






10 
9 
8h 
8 


Painters 


i 

6 

2 

15 




1 
6 
2 
15 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


24 




24 
























8§ 

8 
7 






















Paymasters 


5 
1 
1 




5 
1 
1 






1 














Do 






::::::::: 














Do 











































Total 


l\ 


7 






















8 
7 






i 














Paymasters, assistant 


2 

5 




2 
5 






i 














Do 


























■ 














Total 


7 




7 








































. 





a Not reported. 



& Under $10. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



287 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 
under 
$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 
under 
$70. 


$70 and 
under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 

$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




















1 
1 
1 





























































2 
1 








1 






























3 






































3 


























6 




3 








10 


8 




1 


















































































1 










































































1 


64 


5 


83 


3 


50 


12 


100 


10 


83 


3 


48 


2 


18 




16 


1 


3 
















1 












6 




1 
























1 
3 


























10 


.... 


6 




1 


9 

1 




32 

2 
3 

8 
















































1 
5 
1 










2 

4 




















7 






5 




8 






































1 
1 














































































































19 




14 




9 


1 


18 




51 




7 




































1 

22 
22 

1 




9 
23 




78 
12 




6 





1 
1 






































































1 
3 


.... 


2 
4 




1 
1 


































































































































































46 




36 




96 




8 




2 


















































































5 




1 








































































1 




1 














1 


































































































































5 


1 


1 


1 














1 




































































1 
2 
































1 
1 




2 
1 

4 






1 














































2 














2 




1 








5 




1 




























2 








2 




7 




3 




3 




1 








5 




1 


































1 




1 








1 




1 




1 

1 
1 
























































































































1 




1 








1 




1 




3 








































1 




1 














































1 




4 


















































1 




1 












1 


.... 4 


1 










































c Including 1 under $10. 



d Including 15 under $10. 



288 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED- BY OFFICIALS 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Photographers 


8 

10 
9 


1 

4 

1 




1 

4 
1 




































1 




1 




Do 




































Total 


5 




5 














1 




1 






13 
10 
9 
8 

7 
















1 

5 

311 

361 

1 




1 

5 

311 

361 

1 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 


















6 




Do 






1 


































Total 


679 




679 






1 












6 






8 

8 

7 
















Roofers 


4 

1 
1 


1 


4 

2 
1 






















Secretaries, assistant 






















Do 












































Total 


2 


1 


3 
























9 

9 

8 






















Servers 


9 
105 


4 


4 

9 
105 
















3 




1 


Solicitors 
















Do 












































Total 


114 




114 
























8 

10 
9 

9 

7 


= 


= 


= 


===== 


= 


— 


= 


===== 


= 


— 


Stationers 


1 

"a 19 

"33 
..... 


2 

6 
a 67 

1 
241 

2 
58 


1 

2 

6 

93 

1 

274 

2 

63 


Stenographers 






















Do 




















2 
3 


Do 
















2 




Do 
















Do 














1 


3 




9 
3 


Do 














Do 








































Total 


a 57 


a 377 


441 














1 


5 


= 


18 




10 
9 

8 
(&) 











. 


= 




1 

19 
31 

6 




1 

19 
31 
6 














Do 


















1 




Do 


















Do 












































Total 


57 




57 


















1 






H 

8 


















Students 


1 
3 




1 
3 






















Do 












































Total 


4 




4 
























10 
9 

8£ 
8 
71 

7 


















= 







3 
3 
4 
28 
1 
2 


...... 


3 
3 
4 
29 
1 
2 


















Do 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


41 


1 


42 













































== 



a Not including 7, sex not reported. 



b Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



289 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 
under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


























1 




















1 
1 








1 








































































































2 








1 












































































1 

1 

27 

42 










































2 
85 
53 




2 
188 

85 
























1 

4 




3 
3 






7 
69 
















2 






94 




3 






















































2 




5 




6 




71 




140 




275 




76 




94 




3 


































4 






































1 
















1 
1 
































































































1 


















2 


















































































2 








2 
13 




2 
51 




1 
23 




2 
13 




























1 




4 






























2 








15 




53 




24 




15 




1 




4 












































1 


























1 

1 

11 












1 























2 
2 


.... 




1 
4 




























3 


30 

1 

62 


4 


14 


7 


1 


3 








1 




















1 


23 


4 


23 


6 


27 
1 

1 


6 


8 


62 


5 


26 




3 


2 


2 








1 












1 




7 






6 




12 


1 


15 




10 


1 


3 


3 














1 


28 


5 


43 


6 


34 


9 


99 


12 


89 


13 


42 


3 


13 


3 


5 


4 






1 




















1 
10 

4 

1 












1 














1 
2 




1 




1 






3 

9 

1 




2 

8 






















5 




3 


















4 


















| 
























3 




1 i 


5 




16 




13 




10 




5 




3 




























j 






1 


























3 





































































3 










1 






















































































1 








2 




























1 








1 






1 
4 
24 
1 
2 
















































1 














1 






3 


































































































! 
























1 








1 




1 1 


1 




5 




32 

























— - 



29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 19 



290 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Superintendents, assistant. . 


8 

10 
9J 

9 
8f 

&h 

81 

8 

7 

61 

6i 

6 

5f 

5 


2 
""3" 

""""i" 

""is* 


122 

1 

378 

64 

408 

7 

413 

7 

2 

2 

11 

19 

194 


2 

122 

1 

381 

64 

409 

7 

428 

7 

2 

2 

11 

19 

194 








































7 


Do 




















Do 












3 




13 




19 


Do 












Do 




















2 


Do 




















Do 












3 




9 




23 


Do 












Do 






















Do 
















1 






Do 




















Do . 






















Do .. 












1 




2 




4 














Total 


19 


1,628 


1,647 












7 




25 




55. 




9 
8 












Supervisors, building 

Do 


3 
1 




3 
1 
































































Total 


4 




4 
























9 
8 
5 


= 


= 


= 
























4 
10 
2 


4 
10 
2 




Do 






















Do 












































Total 




16 


16 
























10 
8 


























1 
2 




1 

2 






















Do... 












































Total 


3 




3 
























10 
9 
8 






















Switchboard men 


30 

44 

287 




30 

44 

287 






















Do 


















1 




Do 














1 
























Total. 


361 




361 














1 




1 






8 

9 

8 














Switchboard men, appren- 


67 

6 
14 




67 

6 
14 






















Switchboard men, helper . . . 






















Do 












































Total 


20 




20 
























8 

8| 

8 

62 






















Switchboard men, junior . . . 


15 

4 
8 


3 

10 
1 


15 

7 
18 

1 






















Telegraph operators 




































1 




1 
1 


Do 








































Total 


12 


14 


26 
















1 




2 




8 

10 
9 

84 
8 

W 7i 
















Terminal men 


11 

16 

55 

1 

150 

4 

1 


"'4' 
4 


11 

16 

55 

1 

154 

8 
1 






















Testers 






















Do 


















1 




Do 


















Do 














1 


1 






Do 


















Do 












































Total 


227 


8 


235 














1 


1 


1 








1 















(Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



291 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 
under 
$60. 


$60 and $70 and 

under under 

$70. $80. 

| 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




























1 




1 








5 




24 
1 

52 
2 

39 




33 




25 




28 






































93 






15 

8 
62 

1 
93 

1 


2 


77 

54 

273 

6 

77 




106 






1 




































16 






13 




1 






1 


1 




1 
















59 
2 




120 
4 






28 




1 






3 




5 




7 












2 






























1 
1 
3 

35 














i 


















5 






4 

6 

52 




1 
10 
79 
















































21 


















































201 




282 |.... 


275 


2 


604 




175 




2 J 1 




4 


1 


5 


1 


7 










! 




















3 














:::::::::: 


























1 
















































1 
















3 




1 




































1 




i 


2 
10 

1 




1 




























































i .... 


































































1 




iL. 


13 




1 


























































1 
1 


























































1 














| 


































. . I . . 




2 




















1 


















































1 
4 
5 




6 
2 
3 




5 
12 

65 




7 

10 
72 




8 
6 
63 




3 

3 
22 
















6 
3 




















46 




7 














9 




10 




11 




82 




89 




77 




28 




46 




7 


























3 

3 

7 




20 




35 




8 




1 












1 

1 








2 






















2 




4 
















































2 






2 




10 




2 




4 






I 


...J . 






















| 








1 
3 












14 






















3 
2 


1 
1 
























1 


1 


2 3 


2 


2 




1 




1 


























































1 


1 


2 3 


3 


5 


2 


2 


2 




1 .... 


1 




....!.... 
















1 






1 

5 
15 




3 

6 

24 

1 

28 




3 

2 
2 




3 




1 


















3 
10 






! 










1 






2 








:::;:::: 


















3 
2 


...... 


9 
1 


...„. 


4 


3 

1 


22 




30 
1 
1 






25 




25 




3 








































1 
































5 1 


10 1 2 


5 


4 


35 




52 




59 




29 




27 




3 























292 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 

under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Testers, chief 


9 

8 


2 
19 




2 
19 






















Do... 










[ 




















. 










Total. . 


21 




21 










1 












10 
9 

81 
8 
6 






















1 
1 

27 

22 

2 




1 

1 

27 

22 

2 


.. 















Do 


















Do 






















Do 






















Do 










































Total 


53 




53 






1 
















8.} 

8 
7 






















6 

2 
1 




6 

2 

1 






















Treasurers, assistant 

Do 


























::::::::: 


































Total 


3 




3 






















10 
9 

8 






















15 

55 
207 




15 

55 
207 






















Do 


















1 

4 




Do 


1 
































Total 


277 




277 


1 
















5 






8 
10 

10 
9 
8§ 
















Trouble men, junior 


17 
4 


2 
7 
1 
11 
2 
2 


17 
4 

2 

7 
1 

11 
2 
2 










































Waitresses 




















2 
2 


Do 




















Do 








1 












Do 


8 
7 







1 














6 
1 


Do 
















Do... 










































Total 




25 


25 




1 




1 












11 




15 
12 
10 
9 
8 
3 














Watchmen 


2 
12 

4 

6 
45 

2 




2 

12 






















Do 






















Do 


4 






















Do 


6 

45 

2 






















Do 


















1 




Do 






2 
































Total 


71 




71 






?, 












1 






10 

81 

8" 
7 















Wire chiefs 


18 

145 

2 

152 

1 


....... 


18 

145 

2 

153 

1 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 


o2 








2 




1 








Do 


































Total 


318 


1 


319 


a2 








2 




1 










10 
9 

8 














Wire chiefs, assistant 


1 
8 
16 




1 
8 
16 




















Do 








"".'""I"""" 












Do 













































Total 


25 




25 











































a Including 1 under $10. 



CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



293 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 
$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 








! 
















1 
1 


.... 1 
I 3 




























1 




! 14 


































1 ! 










1 




2 


....' 4 '....'■ 14 










! 




















i 










1 
1 
3 












1 














.... .... 








1 








2 
3 
1 




3 
2 




9 
3 




5 .... 




5 

7 










1 .... I 






_• . 




I..". 


1 






















1 




! 






6 




5 




12 




6 I....I 12 




12 .... 


1 












1 










2 


1 




3 








i 












1 














2 
1 
























































| i 




1 


I 








i... .!.... 




3 .... 


























1 .... 


7 


4 

26 
25 




2 

16 
82 




1 
2 
17 












1 




. 


8 




4 
38 






5 
20 










6 






7 .... 






















6 






8_|:... 


49 




55 |.... 


100 .... 


20 


.... 25 








....!.... 


























1 








16 
















I 






1 




3 
























| 




























5 












i 


:::::::::: 




























i 






















3 

1 


.... 1 








i 




















....!.... 






! 




















2 


1 








I 


j 






















........ 














i 






.... 11 .... 1 








1 


i 








1 






































2 
5 
3 
1 
34 




i 
















1 






5 

1 
1 
9 






2 
















..:::.: 


... I LJ 




















I 


...J 


2 I 


2 


























1 




















..! i ' . 










































1 









i 


2 


2 




16 




45 


3 








1 


























i 










1 

2 




2 

7 




4 
20 




1 

44 




2 
41 

1 
16 




6 .... 
6 .... 


2 

21 

1 

36 












2 






2 










i 


! x 




1 




7 


1 


29 




25 






6 1.... 




25 
1 




























! 






i 


1 3 




4 .... 


16 


1 


53 




70 




60 




18J.... 


60 |.... 


28 










! 




....| 








1 


1 








i 










3 


4 





















1 






3 






1 




1 






9 j.... 


1 



















. .. . 




1 i ! 1 






3 1 


3 


...J 




1 






io ! 


1 







































294 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 

$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




10 
9 
8ft 

8" 

7 


2 
1 
1 
122 
1 




2 
1 
1 
122 
1 










| 








Do 




















Do 




















Do 










I 






1 




Do 




































Total .- 


127 




127 










..J ....!... 




1 







8 

12 
10 
9 
81 
8 
5 
(«) 














Wiremen, apprentice 


8 

3 
17 
45 
4 


3' 


8 

3 

17 

48 

4 

180 

1 

2 










...I .... 






Miscellaneous 






















Do... 






















Do... 






1 






3 










Do... 


















Do... 


176 
2 


4 
1 










2 


..... 


3 


1 


13 




Do... 










Do 








































Total 


247 


8 


255 






1 




2| 4 


3 


1 


13 












Grand total 


615,326 


622, 434 


37,797 


c44 


d240 


126 


1, 156 


156 


2,505 


279 


4,145 


296 


5,156 







AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



Clerks 


10 
9 

8§ 
8 

7 
6J 
6 


..... 

i 


8 
13 

7 
29 
6 
1 
4 


8 
14 
7 

36 
7 
1 
4 










i 










Do 










1 








1 
1 

4 


Do.. 














l 
l 




Do... 










... ! 


l 


Do... 












Do... 




















Do 






























1 










Total 


9 


68 


77 










! 


l 


2 




6 




9 

8| 
8 












Clerks, chief. . 


2 

2 


1 
2 


1 
2 
4 






















Do 






















Do 














































Total 


4 


3 


7 


















9 
6 
























1 
1 


1 
1 






















Do 












































Total 




2 j 2 






















9 

8| 
8 

7 
























2 
1 
5 


i" 

l 


2 
1 
6 
1 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


8 


2 


10 
























9 

84 
8 


























3 

1 
1 


3 

1 
1 










Do 






















Do 












































Total 




5 


5 

















































a Not reported. 



Not including 37, sex not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



295 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.-SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 






'"" 


1 




1 
1 
































































""'"1 




















1 

2 












1 










28 




30 

1 




48 




11 






1 




















































1 




| 


1 




30 




31 




48 




11 




3 




1 


I 
























2 


1 




1 






S 


















1 
4 
13 






a 




















1 




4 

1 






5 

11 

1 

43 




3 

13 






























1 








1 
1 
5 


.... 


4 
2 

7 






















2 


1 


2 




2 






35 




34 




15 


1 


13 
















i 








1 






















1 




























3 


1 7 


20 




61 




53 




35 




16 


1 


13 


.... 7 


1 


13 




365 


3,683 


433 


2,776 


892 


971 


2,760 


1,099 


2,943 


492 


2,950 


126 1,357 


42 


1,313 


29 


902 


11 


510 


3 



AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 













1 
3 
1 
5 
1 




6 

1 




1 
























2 
2 
1 
1 


1 

T 


6 
2 

12 
1 

1 
1 


















































3 
3 


3 
1 


2 


2 


1 


























































1 






1 




1 


















































7 


2 23 




12 




14 


4 


3 


2 


1 
















1 


































1 




















































2 






























2 






2 
































































1 




2 






2 




2 
















































1 
1 




















































































































2 








































































1 








1 
1 








































































1 


1 




1 




1 




2 


















1 
































































1 


1 




1 


1 


2 




1 




1 




2 








- — 


= 


= 




















1 
1 




1 




1 
































































1 










































































2 




2 




1 


















1 


= 






























c Including 16 under $10. 



d Including 50 under $10. 



296 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 
under 
$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




9 

8 
7 
5 




2 
3 
1 
1 


2 
3 
1 
1 






















Do 




















2 


Do 




















Do 
















1 


























Total 




7 


7 
















1 




2 




10 




.... 














1 

i" 

2 
...„ 


1 








1 












Do 


9}| 1 
9 

8^ 2 
8 j 2 
6 


1 
1 
4 
2 
2 






1 








1 




Do 






1 

2 

""2" 








• 




Do 






1 
1 


1 
1 










Do .. 










. :::: 




Do. 
































. . .. 




Total 


5 


6 


11 






3 


6 


2 






1 






9 


















1 
1 


1 
1 




















Do 


6 -- 








































— I — 




Total 




2 


2 




















10 




























126 

2 

234 

8 

12 

3 

45 

33 

50 


126 
2 
234 
8 
12 
3 

45 
33 
50 
















12 




7 


Do 


9^i 

9 

8^ 

8 


















Do 












5 




67 
3 
6 
1 

8 
7 
19 




47 
3 
4 


Do 












Do 
















Do 


7i 

7 


















Do 














1 






11 

7 
8 


Do 


6A ! 

6" -- 












Do 




































Total 




513 


513 












6 




123 




87 




9J 














Operators, chief 




1 

3 
2 
6 
1 
3 


1 
3 
2 
6 
1 
3 


! 


















Do 


9 






















Do 


8§ 
8 
7J 

6 
























Do 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 




16 


16 
























9 

8i 

8 
7 
6 


























Operators, chief, assistant . . 


..... 


4 
2 
4 
1 
1 


4 
2 






















Do 






















Do 


5 
1 

1 






















Do 






















Do 

























1 
















Total 


1 


12 


13 




1 


















8| 

8 






















Stenographers 




3 3 




















Do 




6 


6 




j 




































Total 




9 

44 
5 

10 
3 
2 

15 


9 
























9 

8J 
8 

7 

ej 

6 


1 




= 


= 
















44 














Do 


5 
10 
3 
2 
15 






















Do 
























Do 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 




79 


79 











































CHAPTER ITT. GENERAL TABLES. 



297 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were— 


S35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 
$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 






2 
1 










































































1 










































































































1 .... 


3 














































































































































































































































































































































.....J..... 




























































1 

1 
















































































































2 








































































22 
2 

C2 
1 
2 
2 
7 
4 

15 




51 




24 




10 




















































39 

1 




13 




1 

































































































i 
















11 

7 
8 




4 

7 




3 

1 










i 



























































































1111 


117 




117 




48 




15 


1 























































1 
1 






























1 




1 1 
























1 


1 




1 


























i 


1 












2 




1 




1 




1 








"| 





1 
















L__ 








1 


1 




1 






































2 .-_. 


2 




2 


1 


3 




Ai 


1 




1 














= 


























1 




3 
























1 
2 
1 
1 




1 
2 






































1 









































































































! . 


1 






5 




3 


| l| 1 3 


1 


































1 





1 
3 




2 

1 




























1 




2 






1 
















1 






















1 




4 




3 




2 

















































1 I... 


6 




25 
5 
4 
1 
1 
7 




12 










































:::::::::: 




2 L... 


4 
1 
1 
2 


































1 




























... .|... 






















3 .... 




3 


1... 








































1 


6 


14 




43 




16 




1 .. 






















| 




1 









298 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 
regu- 
lar 
full 
day. 


Number of em- 
ployees. 


Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were— 


Occupation. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


Telegraph operators 


8 

9 

81 
8 

7 


"T 
5 
2 


4 
1 


4 

1 
1 
5 

2 






















Traffic chiefs 






















Do 






















Do 






















Do 












































Total 


8 

1 
1 

2 


1 


9 

1 
1 
2 
























9 

84 

8 


= 


= 


= 


= 


= 


— 


= 











Traffic chiefs, assistant 






Do 






















Do 












































Total 


4 




4 














































Grand total 


39 


729 


768 






3 


6 


2 


6 


1 


126 




95 











INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 





8J 

8i 

9 

9 

8i 

9* 
9 

8| 

8 

5 


1 
3 
6 
1 

....... 

10 


...... 

2 
5 
8 
6 
3 


1 
3 
6 
1 
1 

2 
8 
18 
6 
3 














































































































Clerks 












1 
1 


"T 


1 






Do 














3 
4 
4 


Do 
















Do 
















1 

2 




Do 








1 


























Total 


13 


24 


37 








1 




2 


2 


4 




11 




8J 

8J 
Sh 
9 

9 

8 










2 
16 
1 
2 

11 

2 




2 

16 
1 

2 

11 
2 






















Collectors 






















Draftsmen 


































































Do 












































Total. 


13 




13 
























9 

8 
























1 

1 
1 




1 

1 
1 






















Inspectors 






















Do... 












































Total. 


2 




2 
























9 

8 

9 
8i 
























7 

1 
10 

11 


...... 


7 
1 

1 

10 










































1 


Janitors 


















1 
2 


Do 




































Total. 




11 


















3 






9 
9 

9| 
8 




















16 
43 


1 

2 


16 
43 

1 
2 






















Linemen 


















1 
















1 






Do 


















2 






















Total 




3 


3 












1 








2 

























CHAPTER III. — GENERAL TABLES. 



299 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Continued. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 
under 
$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80 and 

under 

$90. 


$90 and $100 and 
under ! under 
$100. $125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 
















1 




2 
1 




1 






































































1 

2 
1 










































1 




2 




























1 






























































1 


1 




4 




1 




2 






























i 






















1 




































1 












































1 




1 






























































1 




1 




1 




1 


































125 


2 


155 




81 


1 


86 


5 


35 


6 


7 


8 


5 


6 


1 


5 


1 











INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



















L_L___ 








1 




























2 
1 




1 
2 

1 




































1 




2 




















































1 
































































1 
1 
1 










1 
1 




























1 


3 


2 






3 




2 




1 












































































































3 


1 


3 


2 




2 




3 




2 




1 


























































1 
1 




1 








4 




7 








2 








2 
1 
1 

1 




















































1 
1 














































9 
2 
















;: 


































1 




































1 




1 








1 




11 






















[ 


















































1 
























1 








































1 

























































....i.. . 


... j 






1 




1 
















....].... 
























i 






1 




3 




2 








1 




















































































2 








5 








1 










































i 














2 








5 








1 








1 











































8 
10 




7 




1 
3 
























1 . 








3 




26 










































1 






































i 


















































































































"""!"" 



300 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 

1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Concluded. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES— Concluded. 





Hours 
per 

regu- 
lar 
full 

day. 








Number of employees whose monthly rates 
were — 


Occupation. 


ployees. 


Under 
$15. 


$15 and 

under 

$20. 


$20 and 
under 

$25. 


$25 and 

under 

$30. 


$30 and 

under 

$35. 




M. 


F. 


Total. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 




8i 

8 


3 
3 


"~2 


3 

2 






2 




1 












Do .. 










1 




1 


















Total 


2 

T 

1 


5 

r 

i 






2 


1 


1 






1 


'= 


1 




9i 

9 





== 











Do 


















1 






















Total. 




2 


2 








1 












1 




10 
9£ 
9 
8 
7 
5 






















...„. 


1 

53 
87 
373 
15 
38 


1 
54 
87 
373 
15 
38 
















1 
35 
37 
198 






Do 


1 






1 
18 

1 
15 




14 
32 
115 






1 


Do 






Do 










59 


Do 








Do 




38 


































Total. 


1 


567 


568 


1 


38 




35 




161 




271 




60 




9i 
9 
8 
5 




"Y 


1 

5 

18 

1 


1 

5 

19 

1 
















1 
1 
3 






Do 












1 








Do 














4 
1 


Do 




































Total . 


i 


25 


26 












1 




5 




5 




9 
8 












Operators, chief, assistant... 
Do. .. 




1 
5 


1 
5 




























1 




1 


















Total 




6 


6 
















1 




1 




8 
9 

9 

8 




















15 

1 


33 

1 


33 

1 

15 

1 
















1 




32 






a\ 






























Do 












































Total 


16 




16 
























8| 
8i 

9 

8i 






















Solicitors 


3 

1 

1 
1 


....„ 


3 

4 

1 
1 












































Stock keepers 






















Do 












































Total 


2 




2 
























8| 

9 
8 
5 






















Superintendents 


3 


9 

' 53 

3 


3 

9 

53 

3 










































4 
27 

1 


Do 












2 




9 
2 




Do 




























Total 




65 


65 












2 




11 




32 




9 
9 
9 

9 
(<0 














Switchboard men 


3 
6 
3 

17 

1 


...... 


3 

6 
3 

17 
2 






















Wire chiefs 






















Wiremen 






















Miscellaneous 














1 




3 




Do 


1 


a\ 




























Total 


18 


1 


19 


1 


a\ 










1 




3 
















Grand total 


198 


734 


932 


2 


640 


2 


37 


1 


167 


3 


294 


7 


146 







a Under $10. 



b Including 2 under $10. 



Not reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



301 



CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

B.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES, AND 
HOURS OF LABOR, BY OCCUPATIONS— Concluded. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES— Concluded. 



Number of employees whose monthly rates were — 


$35 and 

under 

$40. 


$40 and 

under 

$45. 


$45 and 

under 

$50. 


$50 and 

under 

$60. 


$60 and 

under 

$70. 


$70 and 

under 

$80. 


$80. and 
under 
$90. 


$90 and 
under 
$100. 


$100 and 
under 
$125. 


$125 and 
over. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F. 


M. 


F 


M. 


F/ 


M. 


F. 




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































1 




1 




































































































































































































































1 




1 












































































































1 

6 
















2 
























2 




2 




1 








1 








































7 








































2 




2 




1 




2 






1 








































1 
1 




































2 






































































2 




2 


































































































































































1 
1 




13 




1 




































































































2 




13 




1 






























































1 


.... 


2 
























1 


1 










1 






























1 








































1 






































































1 








1 




















































































1 




2 






5 
14 


































1 











































































































19 




1 






































































1 
















1 

2 




1 

1 






























3 
1 

1 






























2 
5 


















2 




3 




1 










1 












































































2 




3 




1 




5 




1 








1 
20 


















55 


1 





6 





~Y 





~2~ 




8 


32 


31 


10 


16 


2 


21 


2 


22 


3 





302 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the 
tive pay-roll periods were— 


respec- 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


BELL TELEPHONE CO. OF MISSOURI, ST. 
LOUIS, MO. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 


1 
9 
120 
189 
142 
114 
87 
87 
165 
115 
119 
66 
50 
21 
12 






1 

6 
56 
97 
79 
66 
49 
52 
94 
67 
58 
35 
18 
19 
12 


100.00 
66.67 
46.67 
51.32 
55.63 
57.89 
56.32 
59.77 
56.97 
58.26 
48.74 
53.03 
36.00 
90.48 

100. 00 






$15 and under $20 


3 
44 
72 
52 
42 
34 
28 
54 
17 
46 
14 
24 

1 


33.33 
36.67 
38.10 
36.62 
36.84 
39.08 
32.18 
32.73 
14.78 
38.66 
21.21 
48.00 
4.76 






$20 and under $25 


20 

20 

11 

6 

4 

7 

17 

31 

15 

17 

8 

1 


16.67 


$25 and under $30 


10.58 


$30 and under $35 


7.75 


$35 and under $40 


5.26 


$40 and under $45 


4.60 




8.05 


$50 and under $60 


10.30 


$60 and under $70 


26.96 


$70 and under $80 


12.61 


$80 and under $90 


25.76 


$90 and under $100 


16.00 


$100 and under $125 


4.76 
















Total 


1,297 


431 


33.23 


709 


54.66 


157 


12.10 






BELL TELEPHONE CO. OF PENNSYLVANIA, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 


5 
2 

59 

272 

324 

240 

95 

69 

8 

11 

7 


1 


20.00 


4 

1 
27 
99 
131 
133 
95 
69 

8 
11 

7 


80.00 
50.00 
45.76 
36.40 
40.43 
55.42 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 






$15 and under $20 


1 

22 
131 
149 

77 


50.00 


$20 and under $25 


10 

42 
44 
30 


16.95 
15.44 
13.58 
12.50 


37.29 


$25 and under $30 


48.16 


$30 and under $35 


45.99 


$35 and under $40 


32.08 


























$60 and under $70 










$70 and under $80 










$80 and under $90 










$90 and under $100 


1 






1 


100. 00 






$100 and under $125.. 










































Total 


1,093 


127 


11.62 


586 


53.61 


380 


34.77 






CENTRAL DISTRICT AND PRINTING TELEGRAPH 
CO., PITTSBURG, PA. 

Under $10 


8 
33 
42 
86 
361 
168 
101 
66 
43 
139 
165 
213 
58 
52 
50 
39 






7 
29 
16 
37 
171 
107 
52 
47 
37 
106 
136 
165 
56 
43 
50 
39 


87.50 
87.88 
38.10 
43.02 
47.37 
63.69 
51.49 
71.21 
86.05 
76.26 
82.42 
77.46 
96.55 
82.69 
100.00 
100. 00 


1 

2 

24 

35 

131 

39 

35 

17 

4 

14 

19 

28 

1 

2 


12.50 


$10 and under $15 


2 

2 

14 

59 

22 

14 

2 

2 

19 

10 

20 

1 

7 


6.06 
4.76 
16.28 
16.34 
13.10 
13.86 
3.03 
4.65 
13.67 
6.06 
9.39 
1.72 
13.46 


6.06 


$15 and under $20 


57.14 


$20 and under $25 


40.70 


$25 and under $30 


36.29 


$30 and under $35 


23.21 


$35 and under $40... 


34.65 


$40 and under $45 


25.76 


$45 and under $50 


9.30 


$50 and under $60 


10.07 


$60 and under $70 


11.52 


$70 and under $80 


13.15 


$80 and under $90. . . 


1.72 


$90 and under $100 


3.85 


$100 and under $125... 
























Total 


1,624 


174 


10.71 


1,098 


67.61 


352 


21.67 







CHAPTER III. 



-GENERAL TABLES. 



303 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the respec- 
tive pay-roll periods were— 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


CENTRAL UNION TELEPHONE CO., INDIANAP- 
OLIS, IND. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 


3 

22 
82 
79 
38 
27 
21 
24 
32 
31 
21 
6 
3 


1 
11 

24 

29 

17 

10 

7 

4 

3 

3 

1 


33.33 

50.00 

29.27 

36.71 

44.74 

37.04 

33.33 

16.67 

9.38 

9.68 

4.76 


2 
9 
53 
45 
14 
15 
12 
19 
27 
25 
18 
6 
1 


66.67 
40.91 
64.63 
56. 96 
36.84 
55.56 
57. 14 
79.17 
84.38 
80.65 
85.71 
100. 00 
33.33 






$15 and under $20 


2 
5 
5 
7 
2 
2 
1 
2 
3 
2 


9.09 


$20 and under $25 


6.10 


$25 and under $30 


6.33 


$30 and under $35 


18.42 


$35 and under $40 


7.41 


$40 and under $45 


9.52 


$45 and under $50 


4.17 


$50 and under $60 


6.25 


$60 and under $70 


9.68 


$70 and under $80 


9.52 


$80 and under $90 






$90 and under $100 




2 


66.67 


$100 and under $125 






$125 and over 






























Total 


389 


110 


28.28 


246 


63. 24 


33 


8.48 






CHESAPEAKE AND POTOMAC TELEPHONE CO., 
BALTIMORE, MD. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 


8 

31 

34 

73 

263 

15 

20 

6 

5 






8 

28 

33 

64 

220 

14 

18 

5 

5 


100. 00 
90. 33 
97.06 
87. 63 
83. 65 
93.33 
90.00 
83. 33 

100. 00 






$15 and under $20 






3 
1 
6 
33 
1 
1 
1 


9.68 


$20 and under $25 






2.94 


$25 and under $30 


3 
10 


4.11 
3.80 


8.22 


$30 and under $35 


12.55 


$35 and under $40 . . . 




6.67 


$40 and under $45 


11 5.00 


5.00 


$45 and under $50 


16.67 


$50 and under $60 







$60 and under $70 








$70 and under $80 


3 

1 
2 

I 






3 
1 
1 
1 
2 


100. 00 
100. 00 
50.00 
100. 00 
100. 00 






$80 and under $90 










$90 and under $100 






1 


50.00 


$100 and under $125 








$125 and over 




















Total 


464 


14 


3.01 


403 


86.85 


47 


10.13 






CHESAPEAKE AND POTOMAC TELEPHONE CO., 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 


1 
61 
48 
41 
162 
12 
18 
4 
2 
3 
3 
1 
2 






1 

53 

"44 

38 

126 

10 

17 

4 

2 

3 

3 

1 

2 


100. 00 
86.89 
91.67 
92.68 
77.78 
83.33 
94.44 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 






$15 and under $20 


5 
3 

1 

30 

2 


8.20 
6.25 
2.44 
18.52 
16.67 


3 
1 
2 
6 


4.92 


$20 and under $25 


2.08 


$25 and under $30 


4.88 


$30 and under $35 


3.70 


$35 and under $40 




$40 and under $45 


1 


5.56 


$45 and under $50 








$50 and under $60 









$60 and under $70 


:::::::j 






$70 and under $80 








$80 and under $90 








$90 and under $100 








$100 and under $125 








$125 and over 


1 






1 


100. 00 
















Total 


359 


41 


11.42 


305 


84.96 


13 


3.62 







304 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the respec- 
tive pay-roll periods were— 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


CHICAGO TELEPHONE CO., CHICAGO, ILL. 

Under $10 


4 
9 
325 
770 
549 
917 
865 
643 
442 
1,301 
638 
670 
425 
195 
188 
55 






4 
6 

21 
92 
60 
106 
116 
112 
142 
506 
349 
339 
184 
107 
148 
51 


100. 00 
66.67 
6.46 
11.95 
10.93 
11.56 
13.41 
17.42 
32.13 
38.89 
54.70 
50.60 
43.29 
54.87 
78.72 
92.73 






$10 and under $15 


1 
233 

318 

161 

422 

388 

311 

180 

413 

116 

136 

115 

20 

6 

1 


11.11 

71.69 
41.30 
29.33 
46.02 
44.86 
48.37 
40.72 
31.74 
18.18 
20.30 
27.06 
10.26 
3.19 
1.82 


2 

71 

360 

328 

389 

361 

220 

120 

382 

173 

195 

126 

68 

34 

3 


22.22 


$15 and under $20 


21.85 


$20 and under $25 


46. 75 


$25 and under $30 


59.74 


$30 and under $35 


42.42 


$35 and under $40 


41.73 


$40 and under $45 


34.21 


$45 and under $50 


27.15 


$50 and under $60 


29.36 


$60 and under $70 


27.12 


$70 and under $80 


29.10 


$80 and under $90 


29.65 


$90 and under $100 


34.87 


$100 and under $125 


18.09 


$125 and over 


5.45 






Total 


a 7, 996 


&2,821 


35.28 


2,343 


29.30 


2,832 


35.42 






CINCINNATI AND SUBURBAN BELL TELEPHONE 
CO., CINCINNATI, OHIO. 

Under $10 


5 






5 


100. 00 






$10 and under $15 










$15 and under $20 


39 

38 

245 

299 

97 

46 

97 

126 

120 

81 

18 

21 

5 

1 


12 

10 

103 

162 

53 

10 

49 

46 

27 

31 

2 

7 


30.77 
26. 32 
42.04 
54.18 
54.64 
21.74 
50.52 
36.51 
22.50 
38.27 
11.11 
33.33 


3 
12 
22 
39 
35 
34 
37 
56 
65 
44 
14 
12 
5 
1 


7.69 

31.58 

8.98 

13.04 

36.08 

73.91 

38.14 

44.44 

54.17 

54.32 

77.78 

57.14 

100. 00 

100. 00 


24 

16 

120 

98 

9 

2 

11 

24 

28 

6 

2 

2 


61.54 


$20 and under $25 


42.11 


$25 and under $30 


48.98 


$30 and under $35 


32.78 


$35 and under $40 


9.28 


$40 and under $45 


4.35 


$45 and under $50 


11.34 


$50 and under $60 


19.05 


$60 and under $70 


23.33 


$70 and under $80 


7.41 


$80 and under $90 


11.11 


$90 and under $100 


9.52 


$100 and under $125 




$125 and over 




















Total 


1,238 


512 


41.36 


384 

3 
1 
3 
4 
1 
2 
1 
1 


31.02 


342 


27.63 






CITIZENS TELEPHONE CO., COVINGTON, KY. 

Under $10 


3 
1 
3 
5 

28 

31 

7 

1 






100. 00 

100. 00 

100. 00 

80.00 

3.57 

6.45 

14.29 

100. 00 






$10 and under $15 










$15 and under $20 










$20 and under $25 






1 

1 

13 

4 


20.00 


$25 and under $30 


26 
16 
2 


92.86 
51.61 
28.57 


3.57 


$30 and under $35 


41.94 


$35 and under $40 


57.14 


$40 and under $45 




$45 and under $50 










$50 and under $60 


3 






2 


66.67 


1 


33.33 


$60 and under $70 








$70 and under $80 
















$80 and under $90 


1 






1 


100. 00 






$90 and under $100 










$100 and under $125 
















$125 and over 
































Total 


83 


44 


53.01 


19 


22.89 


20 


24.10 







a Not including 11 pieceworkers; and also 3, no earnings reported. 
b Not including 3, no earnings reported. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



305 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C —NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Total 

em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the 
tive pay-roll periods were— 


respec- 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


CLEVELAND TELEPHONE CO., CLEVELAND, 
OHIO. 


















2 

33 

124 

158 

70 

51 

47 

36 

75 

73 

81 

25 

10 

8 

6 






2 

12 

12 

17 

2 

13 

27 

6 

31 

39 

45 

20 

5 

8 

6 


100. 00 
36.36 
9.68 
10.76 
2.86 
25.49 
57.45 
16.67 
41.33 
53.42 
55.56 
80.00 
50.00 
100. 00 
100. 00 






$15 and under $20 


20 

21 

33 

18 

12 

8 

27 

13 

9 

8 

1 


60.61 
16.94 
20.89 
25.71 
23.53 
17.02 
75.00 
17.33 
12.33 
9.88 
4.00 


1 
91 
108 
50 
26 
12 

3 
31 
25 
28 

4 

5 


3.03 


$20 and under $25 


73.39 


$25 and under $30 


68.35 


$30 and under $35 


71.43 


$35 and under $40 


50.98 




25.53 




8.33 


$50 and under $60 


41.33 


$60 and under $70 


34.25 


$70 and under $80 


34.57 


$80 and under $90 


16.00 


$90 and under $100 


50.00 


$100 and under $125 . . . 




























Total 


799 


170 


21.28 


245 


30.66 


384 


48.06 






COLORADO TELEPHONE CO., DENVER, COLO. 

Under $10 


1 






1 


100. 00 


















- 1 
17 
79 
47 
179 
93 
34 
66 
43 
78 
58 
19 
20 
11 






1 

9 

30 
17 
50 
42 
18 
51 
31 
41 
34 


100. 00 
52.94 
37.97 
36.17 
27.93 
45.16 
52.94 
77.27 
72.09 
52.56 
58.62 






$20 and under $25 . 


8 
45 
27 
119 
33 
12 

8 


47.06 
56.96 
57.45 
66.48 
35.48 
35.29 
12.12 






$25 and under $30 


4 
3 

10 
18 
4 
7 
12 
18 
18 
1 


5.06 


$30 and under $35 


6.38 




5.59 


$40 and under $45 


19.35 


$45 and under $50 


11.76 


$50 and under $60 


10.61 


$60 and under $70 


27.91 


$70 and under $80 


19 
6 
2 
1 


24.36 

10.34 

10.53 

5.00 


23. 08 


$80 and under $90 


31.03 


$90 and under $100 


16 | 84.21 
19 ■ 95.00 
11 100.00 


5.26 


$100 and under $125 
























Total 


746 


280 


37.53 


371 


49.73 


, 95 


12.73 






CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH 
CO., LOUISVILLE, KY. 

Under $10 


3 

14 

24 

21 

52 

22 

21 

8 

14 

32 

38 

13 

4 

2 

1 

3 






3 


100. 00 






$10 and under $15 


1 
5 
2 
19 
7 
1 


7.14 

20.83 

9.52 

36.54 

31.82 

4.76 


13 

18 
13 
30 
9 
6 
1 
3 
5 
11 
1 


92.86 




1 
6 
3 
6 
14 
7 
11 
24 
26 
11 


4.17 

28.57 
5.77 
27.27 
66.67 
87.50 
78.57 
75.00 
68.42 
84.62 


75.00 


$20 and under $25. 


61.90 


$25 and under $30 


57.69 


$30 and under $35 


40.91 


$35 and under $40 


28.57 


$40 and under $45 


12.50 








21.43 


$50 and under $60 


3 
1 
1 
1 


9.38 

2.63 

7.69 

25.00 


15.63 




28.95 


$70 and under $80 


7.69 


$80 and under $90 


3 75. 00 

2 ; 100.00 
1 ' 100.00 

3 100.00 




$90 and under $100 • 






$100 and under $125 


























Total 


272 


41 


15.07 


121 44.49 


110 


40.44 











29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2- 



-20 



306 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C.-NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS, AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the 
tive pay-roll periods were — 


respec- 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH 
CO., NASHVILLE, TENN. 

Under $10 


2 
13 
33 
27 
109 

7 
12 

7 
13 
33 
15 
15 

5 










2 

13 

26 

18 

73 

5 

2 

3 

3 

9 


100. 00 


$10 and under $15 










100. 00 


$15 and under $20 


4 
6 
30 


12.12 
22.22 
27.52 


3 
3 
6 
2 
8 
3 

10 
17 
14 
13 
5 


9.09 
11.11 
5.50 

28.57 
66.67 
42.86 
76.92 
51.52 
93.33 
86.67 
100. 00 


78.79 


$20 and under $25 


66.67 


$25 and under $30 


66.97 


$30 and under $35 


71.43 


$35 and under $40 


2 
1 


16.67 
14.29 


16.67 


$40 and under $45 


42.86 


$45 and under $50 


23.08 


$50 and under $60 


7 
1 
2 


21.21 
6.67 
13.33 


27.27 


$60 and under $70 




$70 and under $80 






$80 and under $90 






$90 and under $100 










$100 and under $125 


i 
1 






i 
l 


100. 00 
100. 00 


























Total 


293 


53 


18.09 


86 


29.35 


154 


52.56 






CUMBERLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH 
CO., NEW ORLEANS, LA. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 


33 
25 
49 
113 

47 

48 

22 

16 

28 

59 

38 

19 

1 

7 

4 


3 
1 
4 

13 
5 

12 


9.09 
4.00 
8.16 
11.50 
10.64 
25.00 


2 
6 
10 
6 
9 

18 

18 

9 

13 

24 

23 

17 

1 

7 

4 


6.06 
24.00 
20.41 
5.31 
19.15 
37.50 
81.82 
56.25 
46.43 
40.68 
60.53 
89.47 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 


28 

18 

35 

94 

33 

18 

4 

7 

10 

19 

13 

1 


84.85 


$15 and under $20 


72.00 


$20 and under $25 


71.43 


$25 and under $30 


83.19 


$30 and under $35 


70.21 


$35 and under $40 


37.50 


$40 and under $45 


18.18 


$45 and under $50 






43.75 


$50 and under $60 


5 

16 
2 
1 


17.86 

27.12 

5.26 

5.26 


35.71 


$60 and under $70 


32.20 


$70 and under $80 


34.21 


$80 and under $90 


5.26 


$90 and under $100 




$100 and under $125 






























Total 


509 


62 


12.18 


167 


32.81 


280 


55.01 






MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE CO., 
TOWNS UNDER 5,000 POPULATION. 

Under $10 


18 

51 

142 

130 

59 

27 

18 

17 

16 

56 

29 

10 

1 

1 

2 

2 


1 

3 

19 

20 

6 

4 

9 

2 

6 

22 

7 

1 


5.56 
5.88 
13.38 
15.38 
10.17 
14.81 
50.00 
11.76 
37.50 
39.29 
24.14 
10.00 


15 
42 
79 
64 
32 
14 
8 
15 
5 

27 
21 
9 
1 
1 
2 
2 


83.33 
82.35 
55.63 
49.23 
54.24 
51.85 
44.44 
88.24 
31.25 
48.21 
72.41 
90.00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 


2 
6 
44 
46 
21 
9 
1 


11.11 


$10 and under $15 


11.76 


$15 and under $20 


30.99 


$20 and under $25 


35.38 


$25 and under $30 


35.59 


$30 and under $35 


33.33 


$35 and under $40 


5.56 


$40 and under $45 




$45 and under $50 


5 

7 
1 


31.25 


$50 and under $60 


12.50 


$60 and under $70. 


3.45 


$70 and under $80 




$80 and under $90 






$90 and under $100 










$100 and under $125 










$125 and over 




















Total 


579 


100 


17.27 


337 


58.20 


142 


24.53 







CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



307 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES-Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the respec- 
tive pay-roll periods were — 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnin gs 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE CO., 
TOWNS OF 5,000 AND UNDER 15,000. 

Under $10 


8 
14 
63 
124 
41 
24 
22 

4 
13 
35 
37 
14 

7 


1 
14 
11 
4 
5 
13 


12.50 
7.14 

22.22 
8.87 
9.76 

20.83 

59.09 


6 
11 

46 
77 
22 
9 
7 
3 
7 

11 
18 
8 
7 


75.00 
78.57 
73.02 
62.10 
53.66 
37.50 
31.82 
75.00 
53.85 
31.43 
48.65 
57.14 
100. 00 


1 
2 
3 

36 
15 
10 
2 
1 
2 
5 
9 
4 


12.50 


$10 and under $15 


14 29 


815 and under $20 


4 76 


820 and under $25 


29.03 




36.59 


$30 and under $35 


41.67 


$35 and under $40 


9.09 


$40 and under $45 


25.00 


$45 and under $50 


4 
19 
10 

2 


30.77 
54.29 
27.03 
14.29 


15.38 


$50 and under $60 


14.29 


$60 and under $70 


24.32 


$70 and under $80 


28.57 


$80 and under $90. . . 




$90 and under $100 










$100 and under $125. . . 


4 
3 






4 
3 


100.00 
100. 00 






$125 and over 




















Total 


413 


84 


20.34 


239 


57.87 


90 


21.79 






MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE CO., 
TOWNS 15,000 AND UNDER 25,000. 

Under $10 


2 

3 

21 

43 

62 

17 

8 

5 

11 

20 

35 

10 

6 

1 






2 

1 

10 

23 

26 

8 

5 

5 

4 

7 

17 
6 
6 
1 


100. 00 
33.33 
47.62 
53.49 
41.94 
47.06 
62.50 

100.00 
36.36 
35.00 
48.57 
60.00 

100. 00 

100.00 












2 
3 

16 

25 

6 

2 


66.67 


$15 and under $20 


8 
4 
11 
3 

1 


38.10 
9.30 
17.74 
17.65 
12.50 


14.29 


$20 and under $25 . .. 


37.21 


$25 and under $30 


40.32 


$30 and under $35 


35.29 


$35 and under $40 


25.00 


$40 and under $45 




$45 and under $50 


4 
9 
15 
2 


36.36 
45.00 
42.86 
20.00 


3 

4 
3 
2 


27.27 


850 and under $60 


20.00 


$60 and under $70 


8.57 


$70 and under $80 


20.00 


$80 and under $90 




$90 and under 8100 . . . 










$100 and under $125 










3 






3 


100. 00 

















Total 


247 


57 


23.08 


124 


50.20 


66 


26.72 






MISSOURI AND KANSAS TELEPHONE CO., 
TOWNS 25,000 AND OVER. 

Under $10 


1 
4 
117 
120 
174 
148 
82 
106 
128 
134 
168 
149 
43 
16 
29 
24 






1 
3 
62 
74 
103 
68 
34 
49 
35 
76 
66 
76 
39 
14 
25 
24 


100.00 
75.00 
52.99 
61.67 
59.20 
45.95 
41.46 
46.23 
27.34 
56.72 
39.29 
51.01 
90.70 
87.50 
86.21 

100.00 






$10 and under $15. . 


1 
35 
28 
37 
17 
26 
38 
73 
38 
84 
33 
2 
2 
1 


25.00 
29.91 
23.33 
21.26 
11.49 
31.71 
35.85 
57.03 
28.36 
50.00 
22.15 

4.65 
12.50 

3.45 






$15 and under $20 


20 
18 
34 
63 
22 
19 
20 
20 
18 
40 
2 


17.09 


$20 and under $25 


15.00 


825 and under $30 


19.54 


$30 and under 835 


42.57 


835 and under $40 


26.83 


$40 and under $45 


17.92 


$45 and under $50 


15.63 


$50 and under $60 


14.93 


860 and under $70 


10.71 


$70 and under $80 


26.85 


$80 and under $90 


4.65 


890 and under 8100. . 




$100 and under $125 


3 


10.34 


$125 and over 














Total 


1,443 


415 


28.76 


749 


51.91 


279 


19.33 










308 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



* 


Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the 
tive pay-roll periods were— 


respec- 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


NEBRASKA TELEPHONE CO., OMAHA, NEBR. 

Under $10 
































$15 and under $20 


18 

40 

58 

122 

75 

43 

44 

39 

39 

49 

18 

7 

5 

6 


7 

8 

16 

65 

25 

3 

24 

5 

2 

9 

2 


38.89 
20.00 
27.59 
53.28 
33.33 

6.98 
54.55 
12.82 

5.13 
18.37 
11.11 


4 

4 

8 

9 

15 

22 

16 

25 

35 

29 

16 

5 

4 

6 


22.22 
10.00 
13.79 
7.38 
20.00 
51.16 
36.36 
64.10 
89.74 
59.18 
88.89 
71.43 
80.00 
100.00 


7 

28 

34 

48 

35 

18 

4 

9 

2 

11 


38.89 


$20 and under $25 


70.00 


$25 and under $30 


58.62 


$30 and under $35 


39.34 


$35 and under $40 


46.67 


$40 and under $45 


41.86 


$45 and under $50 


9.09 


$50 and under $60 


23.08 


$60 and under $70 


5.13 


$70 and under $80 


22.45 


$80 and under $90 




$90 and under $100 


2 


28.57 


$100 and under $125 


i 


20.00 




















Total 


563 


167 


29.66 


198 


35.17 


198 


35.17 






NEW ENGLAND TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH 
CO., BOSTON, MASS. 

Under $10 


















3 
131 
171 
439 
672 
375 
460 
111 
372 
355 
319 
106 
18 
54 






3 
107 
154 
357 
564 
327 
408 
106 
336 
325 
260 
100 
17 
52 


100.00 
81.68 
90.06 
81.32 
83.93 
87.20 
88.70 
95.50 
90.32 
91.55 
81.50 
94.34 
94.44 
96.30 








24 

15 

70 

99 

42 

52 

5 

21 

18 

22 

3 

1 


18.32 

8.77 

15.95 

14.73 

11.20 

11.30 

4.50 

5.65 

5.07 

6.90 

2.83 

5.56 






$20 and under $25 


2 
12 
9 
6 


1.17 


$25 and under $30 


2.73 


$30 and under $35 ' 


1.34 


$35 and under $40 


1.60 






$45 and under $50 






$50 and under $60 


15 

12 

37 

3 


4.03 


$60 and under $70 


3.38 


$70 and under $80 


11.60 


$80 and under $90 


2.83 


$90 and under $100 




$100 and under $125 


2 


3.70 




















Total 




















NEW YORK TELEPHONE CO., NEW YORK, N. Y. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 


8 

51 

164 

278 

1,266 

1,004 

1,029 

341 

667 

878 

679 

371 

347 

259 

226 






8 
51 
158 
263 
1,160 
933 
955 
316 
531 
799 
589 
339 
302 
206 
224 


100. 00 
100. 00 
96.34 
94.60 
91.63 
92.93 
92.81 
92.67 
79.61 
91.00 
86.75 
91.37 
87.03 
79.54 
99.12 
















$20 and under $25 


3 
11 

105 
70 
71 
19 

115 
36 
44 
13 
19 
38 
2 


1.83 
3.96 
8.29 
6.97 
6.90 
5.57 

17.24 
4.10 
6.48 
3.50 
5.48 

14.67 
.88 


3 
4 
1 
1 
3 
6 
21 
43 
46 
19 
26 
15 


1.83 


$25 and under $30 


1.44 


$30 and under $35 


.08 


$35 and under $40 


.10 


$40 and under $45 


.29 




1.76 


$50 and under $60 


3.15 


$60 and under $70 


4.90 


$70 and under $80 


6.77 


$80 and under $90 


5.12 


$90 and under $100 


7.49 


$100 and under $125 


5.79 


$125 and over 










Total, 


7,568 


546 


7.21 


6,834 


90.30 


188 


2.48 







CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



309 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C.-NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Total 

em- . 
Pay- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the respec- 
tive pay-roll periods were — 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE CO., 
TOWNS UNDER 5,000. 

Under S10 


1 

I 

13 

29 

11 

3 

4 

l 

13 










1 


100.00 






1 
6 
9 

18 
5 
2 
4 
1 
6 
5 

12 


100. 00 
85.71 
69.23 
62.07 
45.45 
66.67 
100. 00 
100. 00 
85.71 
83.33 
92.31 




S15 and under $20. . . 




1 
2 
9 
5 


14.29 


$20 and under $25... 


2 

2 
1 
1 


15.38 
6.90 
9.09 

33.33 


15.38 


$25 and under $30... 


31.03 


$30 and under $35 


45.45 


$35 and under $40 




















$50 and under $60... 




1 
1 

1 


14.29 


$60 and under $70... 






16. 67 


$70 and under $80... 






7.69 


$80 and under $90. . . 








$90 and under $100. . 
















$100 and under $125 
















































Total 


96 


6 | 6.25 


69 


71.88 


21 


21.88 








NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE CO., 
TOWNS 5,000 AND UNDER 15,000. 

Under $10.. 
















$10 and under $15. . . 


1 

19 

40 

58 

45 

19 

6 

7 

29 

25 

14 

7 






1 

4 

21 

31 

17 

13 

6 

2 

16 

19 

13 

6 


100. 00 
21.05 
52.50 
53.45 
37.78 
68.42 

100. 00 
28.57 
55.17 
76.00 
92.86 
85.71 






$15 and under $20... . 


6 
2 
5 

1 
1 


31.58 
5.00 
8.62 
2.22 
5.26 


9 

17 
22 
27 

5 


47.37 


$20 and under $25 


42.50 


$25 and under $30... . 


37.93 


$30 and under $35 


60.00 


$35 and under $40 


26.32 






845 and under $50 


3 
8 
2 


42.86 

27.59 

8.00 


2 
5 
4 

1 
1 


28.57 


$50 and under $60 


17.24 


$60 and under $70 


16.00 


$70 and under $80 


7.14 


$80 and under $90. . . 






14.29 


$90 and under $100.. 








$100 and under $125 


6 


1 


16.67 


5 


83.33 
























Total 


276 


29 


10.51 


154 j 55.80 


93 


33.70 


NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE CO., 
TOWNS 15,000 AND UNDER 25,000. 

Under $10 


























100. 00 
87.50 
30.00 

100. 00 






$15 and under $20 


6 
8 
10 
3 

3 
3 
4 
4 
1 






6 
7 
3 
3 




$20 and under $25 






1 
7 


12.50 


$25 and under $30 






70.00 


$30 and under $35 








$35 and under $40 






1 


100. 00 


$<0 and under $45 






1 
3 
3 

4 
3 

1 


100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
75.00 
100.00 




$45 and under $50 










$50 and under $60... 










$60 and under $70 










$70 and under $80... . 






1 


25.00 


$80 and under $90 








$90 and under $100 










$100 and under $125 


1 






1 


100. 00 




$125 and over 


























Total 


45 






35 


77.78 


10 


22.22 











310 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the respec- 
tive pay-roll periods were — 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


NORTHWESTERN TELEPHONE EXCHANGE CO., 
TOWNS 25,000 AND OVER. 

Under $10 


11 


9 


81.82 






2 


18.18 


$10 and under $15 








$15 and under $20 


22 

80 

75 

139 

102 

49 

42 

65 

89 

80 

36 

11 

8 

10 


5 
15 
16 

24 
13 
8 
7 
3 
8 
6 


22.73 

18.75 

21.33 

17.27 

12.75 

16.33 

16.67 

4.62 

8.99 

7.50 


2 
4 
11 
21 
31 
26 
23 
57 
72 
62 
34 
11 
8 
10 


9.09 

5.00 

14.67 

15.11 

30.39 

53.06 

54.76 

87.69 

80.90 

77.50 

94.44 

100. 00 

100. 00 

100. 00 


15 

61 

48 

94 

58 

15 

12 

5 

9 

12 

2 


68.18 


$20 and under $25 


76.25 


$25 and under $30 


64.00 


$30 and under $35 


67.63 


$35 and under $40 


56.86 


$40 and under $45 


30.61 


$45 and under $50 


28.57 


$50 and under $60 


7.69 


$60 and under $70 


10.11 


$70 and under $80 


15.00 


$80 and under $90 


5.56 


$90 and under $100 








$100 and under $125 . . . 






























Total 


819 


114 


13.92 


372 


45.42 


333 


40.66 






PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO., LOS 
ANGELES, CAL. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 
































$20 and under $25 


23 

100 
81 

118 
70 
44 

106 
52 
47 
13 

149 

64 

2 


17 
50 

27 
28 
24 
11 
78 
26 
21 
1 
103 
46 


73.91 
50.00 
33.33 
23.72 
34.29 
25.00 
73.58 
50.00 
44.68 
7.69 
69.13 
71.88 


2 

9 

3 

13 

8 

10 

11 

10 

15 

5 

3 

10 

2 


8.70 
9.00 
3.70 
11.02 
11.43 
22.73 
10.38 
19.23 
31.91 
38.46 
2.01 
15.63 
100. 00 


4 
41 
51 
77 
38 
23 
17 
16 
11 

7 
43 

8 


17.39 


$25 and under $30 


41.00 


$30 and under $35 


62.96 


$35 and under $40 


65.25 


$40 and under $45 


54.29 


$45 and under $50 


52.27 


$50 and under $60 


16.04 


$60 and under $70 


30.77 


$70 and under $80 


23.40 


$80 and under $90 


53.85 


$90 and under $100 


28.86 


$100 and under $125 


12.50 


$125 and over 














Total 


a 869 


432 


49.71 


101 


11.62 


336 


38.67 






PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO., 
PORTLAND, OREG. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 


1 
1 
19 
96 
48 
97 
53 
30 
73 
69 
45 
14 
78 
40 
6 






1 

1 

5 

12 

5 

13 

7 

5 

17 

15 

16 

2 

2 

10 

6 


100.66 
100. 00 
26.32 
12.50 
10.42 
13.40 
13.21 
16.67 
23.29 
21.74 
35.56 
14.29 
2.56 
25.00 
100. 00 






$15 and under $20 










$20 and under $25 


14 
46 
10 
21 
21 

9 
44 
28 
22 

4 
33 
22 


73.68 
47.92 
20.83 
21.65 
39.62 
30.00 
60.27 
40.58 
48.89 
28.57 
42.31 
55.00 






$25 and under $30 


38 

33 

63 

25 

16 

12 

26 

7 

8 

43 

8 


39.58 


$30 and under $35 


68.75 


$35 and under $40 


64.95 


$40 and under $45 


47.17 


$45 and under $50 


53.33 


$50 and under $60 


16.44 


$60 and under $70 


37.68 


$70 and under $80 


15.56 


$80 and under $90 


57.14 


$90 and under $100 


55.13 


$100 and under $125 


20.00 


$125 and over 














Total 


670 


274 


40.90 


117 


17.46 


279 


41.64 







a Including 1, earnings not reported; but not including 14 pieceworkers. 



CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



311 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the respec- 
tive pay-roll periods were— 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full lime earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO., 
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 

Under $10 


1 
2 
1 






1 


100.00 












2 


100.00 


$15 and under $20 






1 


100. 00 




$20 and under $25.. . 










$25 and under $30 


290 
94 

104 
63 

126 
93 

190 

169 
48 

245 
97 
28 


124 
14 
18 
12 
20 
29 

130 
89 
19 

177 
65 
13 


42.76 
14.89 
17.31 
19.05 
15.87 
31.18 
68.42 
52.66 
39.58 
72.24 
67.01 
46.43 


12 
9 
18 
12 
23 
25 
20 
32 
12 
8 
15 
14 


4.14 
9.57 
17.31 
19.05 
18.25 
26.88 
10.53 
18.93 
25.00 
3.27 
15.46 
50.00 


154 i 
71 
68 
39 
83 
39 
40 
48 
17 
60 
17 
1 


53.10 


$30 and under $35 


75.53 


$35 and under $40. . . . 


65.38 


$40 and under $45. . . . 


61.90 


$45 and under $50.. . 


65.87 


$50 and under $60 


41.94 


$60 and under $70 


21.05 


$70 and under $80 


28.40 


$80 and under $90 


35.42 


$90 and under $100 


24.49 


$100 and under $125 


17.53 


$125 and over 


3.57 






Total 


1,551 


710 


45.78 


202 


13.02 


639 


41.20 






PACIFIC TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CO., 
SEATTLE, "WASH. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 . 
















$15 and under $20. . . 
















$20 and under $25. . . 


34 
95 
56 
83 
56 
32 
83 
49 
58 
19 
76 
29 
3 


31 
45 
16 
20 
17 
14 
56 
18 
16 
3 
47 
19 


91.18 
47.37 
28.57 
24.10 
30.36 
43.75 
67.47 
36.73 
27.59 
15.79 
61.84 
65.52 


3 
6 

8 
8 
8 


8.82 
6.32 

14.29 
9.64 

14.29 






$25 and under $30 


44 
32 
55 
31 
18 
15 

7 
23 
10 
26 

1 


46.32 


$30 and under $35 


57.14 


$35 and under $40 


66.27 


$40 and under $45 


55.36 




56.25 


$50 and under $60 


12 
24 
19 
6 
3 
9 
3 


14.46 
48.98 
32.76 
31.58 
3.95 
31.03 
100. 00 


18.07 


$60 and under S70 


14.29 


$70 and under $80 


39.66 


$80 and under $90 


52.63 


$90 and under $100 


34.21 


$100 and under $125 


3.45 
















Total 


673 


302 


44.87 


109 


16.20 


262 


38.93 






ROCKY MOUNTAIN BELL TELEPHONE CO., SALT 
LAKE CITY, UTAH. 

Under $10 












































$20 and under $25... 


5 
20 
23 
57 
23 

9 
30 
45 
38 
23 
38 
18 
16 


1 

2 

2 

10 


20.00 
10.00 
8.70 
17.54 


2 

3 

5 

6 

13 

6 

12 

29 

37 

21 

17 

13 

15 


40.00 
15.00 
21.74 
10.53 
56.52 
66.66 
40.00 
64.44 
97.37 
91.30 
44.74 
72.22 
93.75 


2 

15 

16 

41 

10 

1 

9 

4 


40.00 


$25 and under $30. . . 


75.00 


$30 and under $35 


69.57 


$35 and under $40 


71.93 


$40 and under $45 . 


43.48 


$45 and under $50 


2 
9 

12 
1 
1 

11 


22.22 
30.00 
26.67 
2.63 
4.35 
28.95 


11.11 


$50 and under $60 


30.00 


$60 and under $70 


8.89 


$70 and under $80 




$80 and under $90. . . 


1 

10 
5 


4.35 


$90 and under $100.. 


26.32 


$100 and under $125 


27.78 




1 


6.25 








Total 


345 


52 


15.07 


179 


51.88 


114 | 33.04 









312 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the respec- 
tive pay-roll periods were — 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH 
CO., ATLANTA, GA. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 
















$15 and under $20 


20 

45 

50 

36 

15 

15 

5 

21 

27 

10 

5 

5 

6 

4 


9 
5 

7 
4 


45.00 
11.11 
14.00 
11.11 


3 

7 
8 
7 
4 
5 
5 
21 
26 
9 
5 
4 
6 
4 


15.00 

15.56 

16.00 

19.44 

26.67 

33.33 

100. 00 

100. 00 

96.30 

90.00 

100. 00 

80.00 

100. 00 

100. 00 


8 
33 
35 
25 
11 

9 


40.00 


$20 and under $25 


73.33 


$25 and under $30 


70.00 


$30 and under $35 


69.44 


$35 and under $40 


73.33 


$40 and under $45 


1 


6.67 


60.00 


$45 and under $50 




$50 and under $60 










$60 and under $70 






1 

1 


3.70 


$70 and under $80 






10.00 


$80 and under $90 








$90 and under $100 






1 


20.00 


$100 and under $125 








$125 and over 




















Total 


264 


26 


9.85 


114 


43.18 


124 


46.97 






SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH 
CO., BIRMINGHAM, ALA. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 
















$15 and under $20 


10 
26 
39 
17 
8 
10 
3 

13 
20 
8 
4 
1 
4 


2 

10 
13 

7 


20.00 
38.46 
33.33 
41.18 


8 
13 
23 
8 
8 
9 
3 

13 
17 
6 
3 
1 
4 


80.00 
50.00 
58.97 
47.06 
100. 00 
90.00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
85.00 
75.00 
75.00 
100. 00 
100. 00 






$20 and under $25 


3 
3 

2 


11.54 


$25 and under $30 


7.69 


$30 and under $35 


11.76 


$35 and under $40 




$40 and under $45... 


1 


10.00 






$45 and under $50. . . 






$50 and under $60 










$60 and under $70 


3 
2 
1 


15.00 
25.00 
25.00 






$70 and under $80 






$80 and under $90 






$90 and under $100 . 






$100 and under $125 






























Total 


165 


39 


23.64 


118 


71.52 


8 


4.85 






SOUTHERN BELL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH 
CO., RICHMOND, VA. 

Under $10 . 
















$10 and under $15 
















$15 and under $20 
















$20 and under $25 


17 
26 
10 
9 
4 
1 
1 


4 
6 
5 
2 


23.53 
23.08 
50.00 
22.22 


10 
14 
4 
3 
3 
1 
1 


58.82 
53.85 
40.00 
33.33 
75.00 
100. 00 
100. 00 


3 

6 
1 
4 
1 


17.65 


$25 and under $30 


23.08 


$30 and under $35 


10.00 


$35 and under $40 


44.-14 


$40 and under $45 


25.00 


$45 and under $50 








$50 and under $60 






$60 and under $70 










$70 and under $80 
















$80 and under $90 . 
















$90 and under $100 
















$100 and under $125 
















































Total 


68 


17 


25.00 


36 


52.94 


15 


22.06 







CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



313 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908 3 AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C.-NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the respec- 
tive pay-roll periods were — 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


SOUTHWESTERN TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE 
CO., DALLAS, TEX. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 


6 
3 

80 

76 

78 

57 

20 

21 

19 

19 

26 

2 

1 

3 

1 


6 

3 

24 

29 

23 

20 

3 

7 

3 

2 

4 


100. 00 
100. 00 
30.00 
38.16 
29.49 
35.09 
15.00 
33. 33 
15.79 
10.53 
15.38 










$15 and under $20 










$20 and under $25 


9 
4 
5 

12 

7 

10 

12 

11 

17 

2 

1 

3 

1 


11.25 
5.26 
6.41 
21.05 
35.00 
47.62 
63. 16 
57.89 
65.38 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 


47 
43 
50 
25 
10 
4 
4 
6 
5 


58.75 


$25 and under $30 


56.58 


$30 and under $35 


64.10 


$35 and under $40 


43.86 


$40 and under $45 


50.00 


$45 and under $50 


19.05 


$50 and under $60 


21.05 


$60 and under $70 


31.58 


$70 and under $80 


19.23 


$80 and under $90 




$90 and under $100 








$100 and under $125 


1 






$125 and over 




















Total 


412 


124 


30.10 


94 


22.82 


194 


47.09 







INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 






KANSAS CITY HOME TELEPHONE CO., KANSAS 
CITY, MO. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 














$15 and under $20 


2 

114 

213 

142 

32 

38 

18 

23 

23 

56 

20 

6 

2 

2 






2 
71 
125 

77 

19 

25 

10 

12 

16 

38 

19 

4 

2 

2 




100. 00 

62.28 

58.69 

54.23 

59.38 

65.79 

55.56 

52.17 

69.56 

67.86 

95.00 

66.67 
100. 00 
100. 00 






$20 and under $25 


30 

44 

13 

5 

10 

2 

5 

1 

14 


26.32 
20.66 

9.15 
15.63 
26.32 
11.11 
21.74 

4.35 
25.00 


13 
44 
52 
8 
3 
6 
6 
6 
4 
1 
2 


11.40 


$25 and under $30 


20.66 


$30 and under $35 


36.62 


$35 and under $40 


25.00 


$40 and under $45 


7.89 


$45 and under $50 


33.33 


$50 and under $60 


26.09 


$60 and under $70 


26.09 


$70 and under $80 


7.14 


$80 and under $90 


5.00 


$90 and under $100 .. . 






33. 33 


$100 and under $125 








$125 and over 




















Total 


691 


124 


17.95 


422 


61.07 


145 


20.98 






LOUISVILLE HOME TELEPHONE CO., LOUIS- 
VILLE, KY. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 


38 
22 
30 
42 
9 
4 
2 


7 
2 
6 
6 


18.42 

9.09 

20.00 

14.29 


1 


2.63 


30 
20 
24 
35 
9 
4 
1 


78.95 


$15 and under $20 


90.90 


$20 and under $25 






80.00 


$25 and under $30 


1 


2.38 


83.33 


$30 and under $35 


100.00 


$35 and under $40 










100.00 


$40 and under $45 


1 


50.00 






50.00 


$45 and under $50 . 








$50 and under $60 . . . 
















$60 and under $70 


1 






1 


100. 00 






$70 and under $80 










$80 and under $90 
















$90 and under $100 
















$100 and under $125 
















$125 and over 
































Total 


148 


22 


14.86 


3 2 03 


123 


83.11 











314 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES— Concluded. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the respec- 
tive pay-roll periods were— 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


MARYLAND TELEPHONE CO., BALTIMORE, MD. 

Under $10 


2 

2 

15 

24 

42 

2 

4 

1 


1 


50.00 


1 
2 
8 
5 
9 
2 
4 
1 


50.00 
100. 00 
53.33 
20.83 
21.43 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 






$10 and under $15 






$15 and under $20 


6 
17 
31 


40.00 
70.83 

73.81 


1 
2 
2 


6.67 


$20 and under $25 


8.33 


$25 and under $30.. . 


4.76 


$30 and under $35 




$35 and under $40 










$40 and under $45 










$45 and under $50 










$50 and under $60 
















$60 and under $70 


i 






1 


100. 00 






$70 and under $80 










$80 and under $90 
















$90 and under $100 
















$100 and under $125 
















































Total 


93 


55 


59.14 


33 


35.48 


5 


5.38 







AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



BOSTON, MASS. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 
















$15 and under $20 
















$20 and under $25 
















$25 and under $30 


17 

11 

15 

12 

6 

8 

2 

1 

3 

1 

2 


2 
4 
8 
8 
4 


11.76 
36.36 
53.33 
66.67 
66.67 


9 

7 
7 
4 
2 
8 
2 
1 
3 
1 
2 


52.94 
63.64 
46.67 
33.33 
33.33 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 


6 


35.29 


$30 and under $35 




$35 and under $40 






$40 and under $45 






$45 and under $50 






$50 and under $60 






$60 and under $70 










$70 and under $80 










$80 and under $90 










$90 and under $100 










$100 and under $125 










$125 and over 

























Total 


78 


26 


33.33 


46 


58.97 


6 


7 69 






CHICAGO, ILL. 

Under $10. . . '. 
















$10 and under $15 
















$15 and under $20 


4 

2 

56 

12 

19 

30 

9 

14 

5 

5 






4 

2 

21 

6 

7 

11 

5 

7 
4 
5 


100. 00 
100.00 
37.50 
50.00 
36.84 
36.67 
55.56 
50.00 
80.00 
100. 00 






$20 and under $25 










$25 and under $30 


29 
5 
9 

15 

4 

7 
1 


51.79 
41.67 
47.37 
50.00 
44.44 
50.00 
20.00 


6 
1 
3 
4 


10 71 


$30 and under $35 


8.33 


$35 and under $40 


15.79 


$40 and under $45 


13.33 


$45 and under $50 




$50 and under $60 






$60 and under $70 






$70 and under $80 






$80 and under $90 










$90 and under $100 


3 






3 


100. 00 






$100 and under $125 










$125 and over 
































Total 


159 


70 


44.03 


75 


47.17 


14 


8.81 







CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



315 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAYROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continued. 





Total 

em- 
ploy 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the respec- 
tive pay-roll periods were — 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


CINCINNATI, OHIO. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under 815 
















$15 and under $20 


1 






1 


100. 00 






$20 and under $25 










$25 and under $30 


11 
5 

11 
4 
3 
3 
1 


6 
3 
4 


54.55 
60.00 
36.36 


5 
2 
7 
4 
3 
3 
1 


45.45 
40.00 
63.64 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 






$30 and under $35 






$35 and under $40 






$40 and under $45 
















$50 and under $60 










$60 and under $70 










$70 and under $80 










$80 and under $90 








1 


$90 and under $100 










$100 and under $125 




::::;::::::::: 


$125 and over 




i 


I 1 










Total 


39 


13 


33.34 


26 


66.67 












KANSAS CITY, MO. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 
















$15 and under $20 


1 






1 


100. 00 






$20 and under $25 










$25 and under $30 


4 






4 


100. 00 






$30 and under $35 








$35 and under $40 


3 






3 


100. 00 




$40 and under $45 








$45 and under $50 


1 








$50 and under $601 








$60 and under $70 


i 






1 


100. 00 




$70 and under $80 









$80 and under $90 






$90 and under $100 


! 


$100 and under $125 


[ 














Total 


9 






9 1 100.00 


1 













MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 



Under $10 

$10 and under $15... 
$15 and under $20 . . . 
$20 and under $25... 
$25 and under $30... 
$30 and under $35 . . . 
$35 and under $40... 
$40 and under $45... 
$45 and under $50... 
$50 and under $60... 
$60 and under $70... 
$70 and under $80.., 
$80 and under $90 . . 
$90 and under $100.. 
$100 and under $125. 
$125 and over 



Total. 



66.67 
75.00 
33.33 



33.33 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 



33.33 
25.00 
33.33 



316 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT SPECIFIED RATES— Continued. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Continned. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the respec- 
tive pay-roll periods were— 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


NEW YORK, N. Y. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 
















$15 and under $20 


1 
1 

17 

21 

36 

73 

39 

45 

25 

4 

8 

1 

3 






1 
1 

11 

4 

14 

34 

14 

25 

17 

2 

8 

1 

3 


100. 00 

100. 00 

64.71 

19.05 

38.89 

46.58 

35.90 

55.56 

68.00 

50.00 

100. 00 

100. 00 

100. 00 






$20 and under $25 










$25 and under $30 


6 
11 
17 
31 
18 
19 
8 
2 


35.29 
52.38 
47.22 
42.47 
46.15 
42.22 
32.00 
50.00 






$30 and under $35 


6 
5 

8 
7 
1 


28.57 


$35 and under $40 


13.89 


$40 and under $45 


10.96 


$45 and under $50 


17.95 


$50 and under $60 


2.22 


$60 and under $70 




$70 and under $80 






$80 and under $90 






$90 and under $100 ,... 










$100 and under $125 










$125 and over 


























Total 


274 


112 


40.88 


135 


49.27 


27 


9.85 






PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 
















$15 and under $20 


1 

2 

8 

24 

23 

27 

12 

5 

6 

1 


3 
9 

8 
2 

2 


100. 00 
100.00 
37.50 
37.50 
34.78 
7.41 
16.67 


1 


100. 00 






$20 and under $25 






$25 and under $30 


4 
11 
7 

19 
9 
5 
6 
1 


50.00 
45.83 
30.43 
70. 37 
75.00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 


1 

4 
8 
6 
1 


12.50 


$30 and under $35 


16.67 


$35 and under $40 


34.78 


$40 and under $45 


22.22 


$45 and under $50 


8.33 


$50 and under $60 




$60 and under $70 










$70 and under $80 










$80 and under $90 










$90 and under $100 


1 

1 






1 
1 


100. 00 
100. 00 






$100 and under $125 


































Total 


111 


26 


23.42 


65 


58.56 


20 








PITTSBURG, PA. 

Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 
















$15 and under $20 




1 










$20 and under $25 


3 
5 
10 
5 
6 
8 
7 
1 
2 
1 
1 






3 
4 
6 
4 
1 
5 
7 
1 
2 
1 
1 


100. 00 

80.00 

60.00 

80.00 

16.67 

62.50 

100. 00 

100. 00 

100. 00 

100. 00 

100. 00 






$25 and under $30 


1 

4 
1 
4 
3 


20.00 
40.00 
20.00 
66.67 
37.50 






$30 and under $35 






$35 and under $40 






$40 and under $45 


1 


16.67 


$45 and under $50 




$50 and under $60 






$60 and under $70 










$70 and under $80 










$80 and under $90 










$90 and under $100 










$100 and under $125. . 










































Total 


49 


13 


26.53 


35 


71.43 


1 


2.04 







CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



317 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

C— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE 
RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER 
THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS, AT SPECIFIED RATES— Concluded. 

AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Concluded. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during the respec- 
tive pay-roll periods were — 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


ST. LOUIS, MO. 

Under $10 

















$10 and under $15 














$15 and under $20 


1 






1 


100. 00 






$20 and under $25 










$25 and under $30 


3 
8 
10 
2 
3 
3 


2 
3 

1 


66.67 
37.50 
10.00 


1 
5 
9 
2 
3 
3 


33.33 
62.50 
90.00 
100. 00 
100. 00 
100. 00 






$30 and under $35 






$35 and under $40 






$40 and under $45 






$45 and under $50 










$50 and under $60 










$60 and under $70 










$70 and under $80 
















$80 and nnder $90 . 


1 


1 


100. 00 










$90 and under $100 










$100 and under $125 
















$125 and over 
































Total 


31 


7 


22.58 


24 


77.42 













D.— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF NUMBER AND PER CENT OF 
EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS 
WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT 
SPECIFIED RATES. 

BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



Under $10 


68 
217 
1,282 
2,662 
4,423 
5, 454 
4, 046 
3,212 
1,873 
3,881 
3,447 
3,084 
1,411 
1,352 
931 
515 

«37, 858 


11 

20 

428 

678 

1,136 

1,264 

1,007 

660 

510 

1,030 

601 

540 

190 

453 

201 

17 


16.18 
9.22 
33.39 
25.47 
25.68 
23.18 
24.89 
20.55 
27.23 
26.54 
17.44 
17.51 
13.47 
33.51 
21.59 
3.30 


48 

127 

553 

1,044 

1,624 

2,792 

2,005 

2,048 

1,000 

2,161 

2,323 

1.988 

'982 

599 

636 

494 


70.59 
58.53 
43.14 
39.22 
36.72 
51.19 
49.56 
63.76 
53.39 
55.68 
67.39 
64.46 
69.60 
44.30 
68.31 
95.92 


9 

70 

301 

940 

1,663 

1,398 

1,034 

504 

363 

690 

523 

556 

239 

300 

94 

4 


13.24 


$10 and under $15 


32.26 


$15 and under $20 


23.48 


$20 and under $25 


35.31 


$25 and under $30 


37.60 


$30 and under $35 


25.63 


$35 and under $40 


25.56 


$40 and under $45 


15.69 


$45 and under $50 


19.38 


$50 and under $60 


17.78 


$60 and under $70 


15.17 


$70 and under $80 


18.03 


$80 and under $90 


16.94 


$90 and under $100 


22.19 


$100 and under $125. 


10.10 


$125 and over 


.78 






Total 


8,746 


23.10 


20,424 


53.95 


8,688 


22.95 







a Not including 25 pieceworkers; and also 3, no earnings reported. 



318 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

».— SUMMARY, FOR TELEPHONE SYSTEMS, OF NUMBER AND PER CENT OF 
EMPLOYEES WHOSE EARNINGS DURING THE RESPECTIVE PAY-ROLL PERIODS 
WERE LESS THAN, EQUAL TO, OR GREATER THAN FULL TIME EARNINGS AT 
SPECIFIED RATES— Concluded. 

INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 





Total 
em- 
ploy- 
ees. 


Employees whose earnings during' the respec- 
tive pay-roll periods were — 


Classified monthly rate of wages. 


Less than full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Equal to full 

time earnings 

at specified 

rates. 


Greater than 
full time earn- 
ings at speci- 
fied rates. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Under $10 


2 

40 

39 

168 

297 

153 

40 

41 

18 

23 

25 

56 

20 

6 

2 

2 


1 

7 

8 

53 

81 

13 

5 

11 

2 

5 

1 

14 


50.00 
17.50 
20.51 
31.55 
27.27 

8.50 
12.50 
26.83 
11.11 
21.74 

4.00 
25.00 


1 
3 

10 

76 

135 

79 

23 

26 

10 

12 

18 

38 

19 

2 

2 

2 


50.00 
7.50 
25.64 
45.24 
45.45 
51.63 
57.50 
63.41 
55.56 
52.17 
72.00 
67.86 
95.00 
33.33 
100. 00 
100. 00 






$10 and under $15 


30 

21 

39 

81 

61 

12 

4 

6 

6 

6 

4 

1 


75.00 


$15 and under $20 


53.85 


$20 and under $25 


23.21 


$25 and under $30 


27.27 


$30 and under $35 


39.87 


$35 and under $40 


30.00 


$40 and under $45. . . 


9.76 


$45 and under $50 


33.33 


$50 and under $60 


26.09 


$60 and under $70 


24.00 


$70 and under $80 


7.14 


$80 and under $90 


5.00 


$90 and under $100 


4 


66.67 




$100 and under $125 






$125 and over 




















Total 


932 


205 


22.00 


456 


48.93 


271 


29.08 







AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



Under $10 
















$10 and under $15 
















$15 and under $20 


9 

8 

127 

95 

125 

157 

81 

86 

41 

13 

13 

7 

6 






9 

6 

59 

41 

59 

78 

42 

59 

32 

11 

12 

7 

6 


100. 00 
75.00 
46.46 
43.16 
47.20 
49. 68 
51.85 
68.60 
78.05 
84.62 
92.31 

too. 00 

100. 00 






$20 and under $25 


2 
53 
42 
49 
60 
31 
26 
9 
2 


25.00 
41.73 
44.21 
39.20 
38.22 
38.27 
30.23 
21.95 
15.38 
7.69 






$25 and under $30. . . 


15 
12 

17 

19 

8 

1 


11.81 


$30 and under $35. . . 


12. 63 


$35 and under $40.. . 


13.60 


$40 and under $45 


12.10 




9.88 


$50 and under $60 


1.16 


$60 and under $70. . . 




$70 and under $80 






$80 and under $90 






$90 and under $100 






$100 and under $125 




















Total 


768 


275 


35.81 


421 


54.82 


72 


9.38 







CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



319 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

E.— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF OPERATORS, BY CLASSIFIED WAGE GROUPS. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM. 



Classified monthly 
rate of wages. 


Bell Telephone 
Co. of Missouri, 
St. Louis, Mo. 


Bell Telephone 
Co. of Pennsyl- 
vania, Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 


Central District 
and Printing 
Telegraph Co., 
Pittsburg, Pa. 


Central Union 

Telephone Co., 

Indianapolis, 

Ind. 


Chesapeake and 
Potomac Tele- 
phone Co., 
Baltimore, Md. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Under 810 






















S10 and under $15... 










2 

35 

72 

317 

117 

31 

2 

1 

1 


0.35 

6.04 

12.44 

54.75 

20.21 

5.35 

.35 

.17 

.17 


3" 

67 

71 

30 

9 


"i.67" 

37.22 

39.44 

16. 67 

5.00 


8 
27 
33 

67 
204 
4 
1 
1 
1 


2.31 


$15 and under $20. . . 


1 
80 
162 
101 
78 
44 


0.21 
17.17 
34. 76 
21.67 
16.74 

9.44 






7.80 


$20 and under $25... 
825 and under $30... 
830 and under $35... 
$35 and under $40... 
$40 and under $45 


59 
263 
272 
149 

7 


7.87 

35.07 

36. 27 

19.87 

.93 


9.54 
19.36 
58.96 

1.16 
.29 


$45 and under $50. . . 






.29 


$50 and under 855 














.29 


$55 and over 
















Not reported 










1 


.17 
























Total 


46G 100.00 1 750 


100. 00 


579 


100. 00 


180 


100. 00 


346 


100. 00 













Classified monthly 
rate of wages. 


Chesapeake and 
Potomac Tele- 
phone Co., 
Washington, 
D. C. 


Chicago Tele- 
phone Co., 
Chicago, 111. 


Cincinnati and 

Suburban Bell 

Telephone Co., 

Cincinnati, 

Ohio. 


Citizens Tele- 
phone Co., 
Covington, Ky. 


Cleveland Tele- 
phone Co., 
Cleveland, 
Ohio. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Under $10 






















$10 and under $15... 




5 

128 
731 
459 
822 
732 
472 
28 
8 


0.15 

3.78 
21.60 
13.56 
24.28 
21.62 
13.94 
.83 
.24 






1 
3 
5 

27 
30 


1.52 

4.55 

7.58 

40.91 

45.45 


2 

10 

117 

116 

50 

16 

5 


0.62 


$15 and under $20... 
$20 and under $25... 
$25 and under $30... 
$30 and under $35... 
$35 and under $40... 
$40 and under $45... 


54 

45 

36 

143 

6 

1 


18.95 
15.79 
12.63 
50.18 
2.11 
.35 


36 

31 

225 

276 

33 

1 


5.94 

5.12 

37.13 

45.54 

5.45 

.17 


3.11 
36.34 
36.02 
17.39 
4.97 
1.55 


$45 and under $50... 








850 and under $55... 


















$55 and over 






4 


.66 










Not reported 


:::::::::::;:::: 


































Total 


285 inn. nn 1 3.385 


100. 00 


606 


100. 00 


66 


100. 00 


322 


100. 00 













Classified monthly 
rate of wages. 


Colorado Tele- 
phone Co., 
Denver, Colo. 


Cumberland 
Telephone and 
Telegraph Co., 
Louisville, Ky. 


Cumberland 

Telephone and 

Telegraph Co., 

Nashville, 

Tenn. 


Cumberland 

Telephone and 

Telegraph Co., 

New Orleans, 

La. 


Missouri and 
Kansas Tele- 
phone Co., 
cities and 
towns under 
5,000. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


Under $10 


















9 

44 

134 

114 

35 

7 

1 

2 


2.60 


$10 and under $15.. . 






14 
18 
20 
50 
15 
2 


11.76 
15.13 
16.81 
42.02 
12.61 
1.68 


10 
32 
27 
102 
1 
3 


5.71 

18.29 

15.43 

58.29 

.57 

1.71 






12.72 


$15 and under $20. . . 






16 
38 
108 
27 


8.47 
20.11 
57.14 
14.29 


38.73 


$20 and under $25 . . . 
$25 and under $30 . . . 
$30 and under $35... 
$35 and under $40... 


2 
67 
41 
169 
55 

3 


0.59 

19.76 
12.09 
49.85 
16.22 
.88 


32.95 

10.12 

2.02 

.29 


$40 and under $45... 






.58 


$45 and under $50... 
















$50 and under $55. . . 


















$55 and over 


2 


.59 






































Total..... 


339 mn.nn 


119 


100. 00 


175 


100. 00 


189 


100. 00 


346 


100.00 











320 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

E— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF OPERATORS, BY CLASSIFIED WAGE GROUPS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Continued. 



Classified monthly 
rate of wages. 


Missouri and 
Kansas Tele- 
phone Co., 
cities 5,000 
and under 
15,000. 


Missouri and 
Kansas Tele- 
phone Co., 
cities 15,000 
and under 
25,000. 


Missouri and 
Kansas Tele- 
phone Co., 
cities 25,000 
and over. 


Nebraska. 
Telephone Co., 
Omaha, Nebr. 


New Eng- 
land Tele- 
phone and 
Telegraph Co., 
Boston, Mass. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


Under $10 


5 

9 

57 

108 

21 

11 

1 


2.36 

4.25 

26.89 

50.94 

9.91 

5.19 

.47 


1 
2 
19 

38 

47 

9 

3 


0.84 

1.68 

15.97 

31.93 

39.50 

7.56 

2.52 














$10 and under $15... 


4 

108 

112 

140 

112 

41 

23 

8 

2 

5 


0.72 

19.46 

20.18 

25.23 

20.18 

7.39 

4.14 

1.44 

.36 

.90 










$15 and under $20... 
$20 and under $25... 
$25 and under $30... 
$30 and under $35... 
$35 and under $40... 
$40 and under $45. . . 


14 
39 
53 

84 
56 
9 


5.45 

15.18 
20.62 
32. 68 
21.79 
3.50 


1 

133 
345 
627 
254 
260 
1 
4 


0.06 
8.18 
21.23 
38.58 
15.63 
16.00 


$45 and under $50 










.06 


$50 and under $55 










1 
1 


.39 
.39 


.25 


$55 and over 


























Total 


212 


100. 00 


119 


100. 00 


555 


100. 00 


257 


100. 00 


1,625 


100. 00 







Classified monthly 
rate of wages. 


New York 

Telephone Co., 

New York, 

N. Y. 


Northwestern 
Telephone Ex- 
change Co., 
cities and towns 
under 5,000. 


Northwestern 
Telephone Ex- 
change Co., 
cities 5,000 and 

under 15,000. 


Northwestern 
Telephone Ex- 
change Co., 
cities 15,000 and 
under 25,000. 


Northwestern 
Telephone Ex- 
change Co., 
cities 25,000 and 
over. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


Under $10 






1 


1.92 
















7 

18 

40 

152 

1,032 

820 

666 

83 

5 

2 


0.25 

.64 

1.42 

5.38 

36.53 

29.03 

23.58 


1 
19 
36 
51 
36 
5 
1 


0.67 
12.75 
24.16 
34.23 
24.16 

3.36 
.67 










$15 and under $20... 
$20 and under $25... 
$25 and under $30... 
$30 and under $35. . . 


7 
12 
26 

6 


13.46 
23.08 
50. 00 
11.54 


6 
7 
10 


25.00 
29.17 
41.67 


20 
78 
59 
118 
45 
5 


6.15 
24.00 
18.15 
36.31 


$35 and under $40. . . 






13.85 


$40 and under $45. . . 










1.54 


$45 and under $50 


2.94 
.18 
.07 






1 


4.17 




$50 and under $55 













































Total 


2,825 


100. 00 


52 


100. 00 


149 100.00 1 24 


100. 00 325 


100. 00 

















Classified monthly 
rate of wages. 


Pacific Tele- 
phone and 
Telegraph Co., 
Los Angeles, 
Cal. 


Pacific Tele- 
phone and 
Telegraph Co., 
Portland, Oreg. 


Pacific Tele- 
phone and 
Telegraph Co., 
San Francisco, 
Cal. 


Pacific Tele- 
phone and 
Telegraph Co., 
Seattle, Wash. 


Rocky Moun- 
tain Bell 
Telephone Co., 
Salt Lake City, 
Utah. 




Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Under $10. 










1 


0.20 










$10 and under $15 


















$15 and under $20 






















$20 and under $25 


1 

71 
94 
51 
18 
1 
1 


0.31 
27.30 
21.78 
28.83 
15.64 
5.52 
.31 
.31 


















$25 and under $30... 
$30 and under $35... 
$35 and under $40... 
$40andun 1 er$45... 
$45 and under $50 


90 
46 
81 
42 
13 
2 
1 


32.73 

16.73 

29.45 

15.27 

4.73 

.73 

.36 


196 
84 
71 
43 
94 
17 
3 


38.51 
16.50 
13.95 

8.45 
18.47 

3.34 
.59 


86 
47 
70 
43 
21 


32.21 
17.60 
26.22 
16.10 

7.87 


17 
16 
43 
6 


20.73 

19.51 

52.44 

7.32 


$50 and under $55 . 




























Total 


326 


100. 00 


275 


100. 00 


509 


100. 00 


267 


100. 00 


82 


100.00 







CHAPTER III. GENERAL TABLES. 



321 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Continued. 

E.— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF OPERATORS, BY CLASSIFIED WAGE GROUPS— Cont'd. 
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM— Concluded. 



Classified monthly 
rate of wages. 


Southern Bell Tel- 
ephone and Tel- 
egraph Co., At- 
lanta, Ga. 


Southern Bell Tel- 
ephone and Tel- 
egraph Co., Bir- 
mingham, Ala. 


Southern Bell Tel- 
ephone and Tel- 
egraph Co., Rich- 
mond, Va. 


Southwestern Tele- 
graph and Tele- 
phone Co., Dallas, 
Tex. 




Number. 


Percent. 


Number. 


Per cent. 


Number. 


Per cent. 


Number. 


Per cent. 


Under $10 


















$10 and under $15. . . 


















$15 and under $20. . . 


16 
40 
47 
30 
6 


11.51 
28.78 
33.81 
21.58 
4.32 


7 
25 
29 
11 

1 


9.59 
34.25 
39.73 
15.07 

1.37 










$20 and under $25... 
$25 and under $30... 
$30 and under $35... 
$35 and under $40 . . . 
$40 and under $45 . . . 


17 

25 

9 

5 

1 


29.82 

43.86 

15.79 

8.77 

1.75 


67 
70 
71 
25 
2 


28. 51 
29.79 
30.21 
10.64 

.85 


$45 and under $50 . . 




















































































Total 


139 


100. 00 


73 


100. 00 


57 


100.00 


235 


100.00 







INDEPENDENT TELEPHONE COMPANIES. 



Classified monthly 
rate of wages. 


Kansas City Home Tele- 
phone Co., Kansas City, 
Mo. 


Louisville Home Tele- 
phone Co., Louisville, 
Ky. 


Maryland Telephone Co., 
Baltimore, Md. 




Number. . 


Per cent. 


Number. 


Per cent. 


Number. Percent. 


Under $10 














$10 and under $15. . . 






38 
21 
29 
37 


30.40 
16.80 
23.20 
29.60 


1 

14 

21 

39 

1 

1 

1 


1.28 


$15 and under $20 . . . 






17.95 


$20 and under $25... 
$25 and under $30... 
$30 and under $35 . . . 


Ill 
195 
59 


30.41 
53.42 
16.16 


26.92 
50.00 
1.28 


$35 and under $40 . . . 






1.28 


$40 and under $45 . . . 










1.28 


$45 and under $50 




















































Total 














365 100.00 


125 


100. 00 


78 


100.00 



AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY. 



Classified monthly 


Boston 


,Mass. 


Chicago, HI. 


Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 


Kansas City, 
Mo. 


Minneapolis, 
Minn. 


rate of wages. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 

cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Num- 
ber. 


Per 
cent. 


Under $10 






















$10 and under $15 






















$15 and under $20 






















$20 and under $25 






1 
54 
10' 
17 
18 

3 


0.97 
52.43 

9.71 
16.50 
17.48 

2.91 














$25 and under $30 . . . 
$30 and under $35 


17 
8 

14 
9 
2 
1 


33.33 
15.69 
27.45 
17.65 
3.92 
1.96 


io 

5 

10 

1 


38.46 

19.23 

38.46 

3.85 


4 


57.14 


6 
4 
2 
1 


46.15 
30.77 


$35 and under $40... 
$40 and under $45 . . . 


3 


42.86 


15.39 
7.69 


$45 and under $50 








$50 and under $55 














$55 and over 


















Not reported 












































Total 


51 


100. 00 


103 


100. 00 


26 


100.00 


7 


100.00 


13 


100.00 







29480— S. Doc. 330, 61-2 21 



c? 



322 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



Table V.— RATES OF WAGES AND EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN 
CERTAIN TELEPHONE COMPANIES DURING A PAY-ROLL PERIOD IN 
1908, AS REPORTED BY OFFICIALS OF THE COMPANIES— Concluded. 

E — NUMBER AND PER CENT OF OPERATORS, BY CLASSIFIED WAGE GROUPS— Concl'd. 
AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY— Concluded. 



Classified monthly- 


New York, N. Y. 


Philadelphia, Pa. 


Pittsburg, Pa. 


St. Louis, Mo. 


rate of wages. 


Number. 


Per cent. 


Number. 


Per cent. 


Number. 


Per cent. 


Number. 


Per cent. 


Under $10 


















$10 and under $15. . . 


















$15 and under $20 


















$20 and under $25 . . . 






2 
8 
22 
23 
15 
3 


2.74 
10.96 
30.14 
31.51 
20.55 

4.11 


3 
5 
9 
5 
5 
6 


9.09 
15.15 
27.27 
15.15 
15.15 
18.18 






$25 and under $30 . . . 
$30 and under $35 . . . 
$35 and under $40... 
$40 and under $45 . . . 
$45 and under $50 


16 
21 
35 
67 
34 
14 


8.56 
11.23 
18.72 
35.83 
18.18 

7.49 


3 

8 
8 
1 


15.00 

40.00 
40.00 
5.00 


$50 and under $55 . . . 























































Total 


187 


100. 00 


73 


100. CO 


33 


100. 00 


20 


100. 00 







APPENDIXES. 



323 



APPENDIX A. 

FORMS OF SCHEDULES USED IN TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



[B. L. 433.— Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Labor, 1908.] 



Special Agent. 
TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 
(Establishment schedule.) 
Telephone. 

1. Name of company? 

2. Bell or independent? If independent, what are your long- 

distance connections? 

3. State? 4. City? 

5. Name and location of exchange? 

6. Name and official designation of person furnishing the information? 

7. Does this exchange handle local calls? Toll calls? 

Long-distance calls? 

8. Number of branch and suburban exchanges? 



Operating rooms. 



9. On which floor? 


10. Dimensions (feet). 


11. Greatest num- 
ber of persons em- 
ployed in room at 
any one time. 


Length. 


Breadth. 


Height. 












6 . ... 































12. Ventilation, how provided? 

Time allowance for handling calls. 





Time allowance for — 




13. Connection. 


14. Disconnec- 
tion. 


15. Obtaining 
information. 


a. "'A" board 






6. " B I ' board 


1 




C. Toll board 


i 

1 




d Information 


1 






1 





16. What is the efficiency number of plug connections, per hour, for an "A" opera- 

tor? ; "B " operator? ; Toll operator? . 

17. What is the entire number of line terminals in this office? 

Number of stations? 

325 



326 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

Operating positions and force. 





Entire number of— 


Kind of work. 


18. "A" posi- 
tions in service. 


19. '^"posi- 
tions in service. 


20. "A" oper- 
ating force. 


21. '^"oper- 
ating force. 


a. Day work 










b. Evening work 










c. Night work 





















Working hours — Length of tricks. 



Tricks. 


22. Total time 
covered. 


23. Relief 
(total). 


24. Lunch. 


25. Net time. 


26. Last op- 
erator goes off 
at— 


a. Day 












6. Evening 












c. Night 












d. Split trick 












e. Clerical work 












/. Matrons. 

























27. Do the hours of supervisory force correspond with those of operators? (State 

variations) : 

28. Are split trick, evening, and night work required? 

29. How many women are kept at board at one time at night? 

30. Is night alarm provided? 

31. What extra protection is provided on night shift for female operators? 

32. Is overtime optional? 

33. Extreme length of service on overtime day? 

34. Is overtime work paid for? 

a. At same rate? ; b per cent higher; c per cent 

lower. 

35. Are Saturday half holidays granted? a. For how long a 

period? b. Other half holidays granted? 

36. Frequency and hours of Sunday work? 

37. Hours and rules of holiday work? 

38 . Length of vacation? ; paid in advance? 

Wages. 

39. Are applicants paid while in training? Rate? 

40. Wages at beginning? 

41. Promotions; how frequent? 

Are promotions automatic? 



Rates of pay. 
[Give extreme rate (lowest and highest) on each type of service.] 



Kind of work. 


42. Oper- 
ators per 


43. Toll 

operators 

per 


44. Sen- 
ior oper- 
ators per 


45. Su- 
pervisors 
per 


46. Clerks 

and mon- 
itors per 


47. Chief 
opera- 
tors per 


48. Ma- 
trous per 

















a. Day work 


$ 


$ 


$ 


$ 


$ 


$ 


$ 























































































APPENDIXES. 



327 



49. Frequency of payment? By check or cash? 

50. Are wages paid to date? ; If not, how many days' pay is withheld? 

51. Extras (lunch, car fare, etc.)? 

General. 

52. Are operators permitted any choice in assignment to exchange, special shifts in 

which to work, etc.? 

53. What educational standard is required of applicants for employment? 

54. Ages at which applicants are accepted? 

55. Is employment given to girl beginners who do not live at home? 

56. Are married women employed? ; If not, state reasons: 

57. What points are considered in making physical examination of applicants for oper- 

ating positions? 

58. Does company employ any medical inspector (nurse, doctor)? 

If so, what are the duties of this officer? 

59. Are periodic medical examinations made of operators in service? 

60. What provisions are made to handle cases of temporary illness? 

61. Is there any systematic disinfection of caps and receivers? 

62. Is sick leave granted? ; With full pay? ; How many days per year? 



63. Does franchise make any regulations concerning the protection of health, comfort, 

and safety of women employees? 

64. Duties of matrons? 

65. "P. B. X." boards: How do operators obtain positionson them? 

Rates of pay? 

66. a. Give outline of day organization chart: 

6. Give outline of night organization chart: 

67. What is traffic curve or table as plotted for a given day of 24 hours in March, 1908? 



a. What is operating curve or table for the same 24 hours in March, 1908? 
Service conditions in operation. 



68. Class of service. 


69. Number oflines 
in service. 


70. Rates charged. 


71. Length of con- 
versation allowed 
(minutes). 










b. Measured service 




I 






1 






I 










































72. In measured time service, when does time-count begin? a. On local calls? 

b. On toll calls? ; c. On long-distance calls? 

73. What extra time is allowed for terminating conversation? 

a. On local calls? ; b. On toll calls? 

c. On long-distance calls? 

74. How many telephones are allowed on each class of service, and what are rates for 

each extra extension telephone? 

75. How many names may be listed in the telephone directory on each class of service, 

and what rate is charged for each extra name listed? 

76. Type of switchboard used? 

a. Width of section? ; b. Positions per section? 

c. Maximum possible height of top jack above shelf? inches. 

d. Height above head (when seated) operators are required to reach? inches. 

e. Distance of side reach in inches: (1) By day? ; (2) By night? 

/. Are operators required to stand while at work? 

g. Type of chair and foot rest used? 

77. a. Is there a separate lunch room provided? 

b. Is there a separate rest room provided? 

78. Describe toilet facilities 

a. Number of washbowls? ; b. Number of seats? 



328 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



[B. L. 435.— Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Labor, 1908.] 

TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

(Branch exchange sheet.) 

Telephone. 

2. City and State? 

. . . ; b. On which floor? 

Switchboard. 



1. Name of company? 

3. Name and location of local exchange? 

4. Operating room : a. Size? 



Type of switchboard used? 

a. Width of section? ; b. Positions per section? 

c. Maximum possible height of top jack above shelf? inches. 

d. Height above head (when seated) operators are required to reach? inches. 

e. Distance of side reach in inches: (1) By day? ; (2) By night? 

/. Are operators required to stand while at work? 

g. Type of chair and foot rest used? 

Operating positions and force. 





Entire number of— 


Kind of work. 


6. "A" posi- 
tions in service. 


7. '^"posi- 
tions in service. 


8. "A" oper- 
ating force. 


9. " B " oper- 
ating force. 


a. Day work 










b. Evening work 










c. Night work 





















10 



What is entire number of line terminals in this office? 

Stations? 

a. Is there a separate lunch room provided? 

b. Is there a separate rest room provided? 

What special care is available in case of illness? 

13. What is traffic curve or table for a given 24 hours in March, 1908? 

14. What is operating curve or table for the same 24 hours in March, 1908? 



11 



12 



[B. L. 434.— Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Labor, 1908.] 

TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

(Establishment schedule — Supplement. ) 

Telephone. 

Operating and traffic table for 24 hours, day of 



1908. 



Shifting of operating force and amount of traffic. 


During hour ending— 


Number of 
original calls. 


Number of 
operators. 


Number of calls 
per operator. 


























































































12m 
























































7 p. m 
























10 p. m. 








11 p. m. . 








12 p. m 















APPENDIXES. 329 

[B. L. 429.— Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Labor, 1908.] 



Special Agent. 
TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

(Agent's personal observation schedule.) 
Telephone. 



1. Name of company? 

2. State? 3. City?. 

4. Name and location of exchange?. . 



Building. 

5. Constructed of? 

6. Number of stories? a. On which floor is operating room?. 

Pol 



7. Entrance for operators: a. Street 

b . Conditions? 

8. Halls and stairways? 



; alley 



9. Elevators? 

10. What fire escapes are provided? 

11. What provisions are made for fighting fire?. 



Used by employees? 



Yes 


NoO 







Operating room. 



12. Is there sufficient ventilation? 



Yes 


NoO 







Yes | No 











13. Light: a. Natural or artificial by day? Sufficient? 

6. Kind at night? Sufficient? 

14. What is character of floor covering (where supervisors walk)? 

Notes: 

Switchboard. 

15. Type of switchboard used? 

a. Width of section? b. Positions per section? 

c. Maximum possible height of top jacks above shelf? inches. 

d. Height above head (when seated) operators are required to reach? inches. 

e. Distance of side reach? 

/. Are operators ever required to stand while at work? 

g. Type of chair and foot rest used? 



16. Is a lunch room provided? 



Yes 


NoO 







If so, describe fully. 



17. What food, if any, is provided free of expense to operators?. 



18. Are rest rooms provided? 
Notes: 



19. Is wash room provided? 

b. General conditions?0- 



Yes 


NoO 







If so describe fully. 



Yes 


No 







a. Number of bowls?. 



330 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



20. Toilets: 

a. Number of seats for women?. 



Yes 


NoO 







b. Is there reasonable privacy of approach? 

c. Sanitary conditions? 

d. Are co nditions and location such that the air of the operating room is 



o 



Yes 



No 



affected? 

e. Total number of women in building at any one time having use of no other 
facilities? 

21. What other provisions for the comfort of operating forces? 

22. Shock (frequency, severity, etc.)? 

23. Are employees ever r equired to re lease the company from liability in case of shock 



Oyesl No 







or other accident? 

24. Are there any clubs or other organizations among your operating forces?. 

Notes: 

25. Is there any system of fines or suspensions? (If so, give cause 

and extent.) '. 

a. To what funds do fines accrue? 

26. To whom can complaints of operating force be made? 

a. How (by letter, personally, etc.)? 

Notes: 



[B. L.— 436.] 

TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE: PAY ROLL DATA. 

Period covered , 190 . 

Name of company City State 

Name of employee Sex 

Occupation Hours in regular full day 

Number of days on which employee worked Number of days em- 
ployee did not work 

Number of hours employee worked on regular tricks 

Number of hours employee worked overtime Total hours worked 

Rate of wages per $ 

Amount earned at regular rate $ 

Amount of overtime earnings % 

Amount of bonus earnings $ Total earnings $ 

Amount of fines and deductions $ Net earnings $ 



[B. L. 430.— Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Labor, 1908.] 



Special Agent. 
TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

(Individual schedule.) 
Telephone. 



1. Employing company? 

2. State? 3. City? 

4. Name and location of exchange where employed? . . . 

fday-... |_ 
\ evening I 

6. Age? 7. Sex? 

8. How long in telephone service? 

9. How long in service of present employing company? 
10. Age on entering service? 



5. Position of employee? 



night 

split trick 



APPENDIXES. 



331 



History of occupations in telephone service. 

[In case of break in data, indicate by starred line, and give hours, wages, etc., at period of first entering 

telephone service.] 



11. Occupation(beginning with 
present occupation and going 
back to first employment). 


12. Daily hours of work, 
from— 


13. 

Actual 

hours 

worked. 


14. Wages. 


15. Period each 
rate was 
received. 


a. ... 


m. to m. 

_.m. to m. 

m. to m. 




$ .. per .. 




b 






c 


...per.. 




d. ... 


m. to m. 

m. to. .. m. 
















m. to m. 

m. to m. 


per 




a. 


.per.. 











Notes: 

1(5. Time allowed, at present, for lunch? ; For relief? 



17. Ts relief ever curtailed?. 



18. Is lunch time ever curtailed? 



Oy es 


No 






O 





Yes 


No 







19. Do you ever work overtime? 

d. Extreme length of overtime day? 
c. Opinion as to overtime work? 



a. Do you desire overtime? 



Oyes 


No 







a. How is time spent between tricks? 



20. Is split trick optional? 
Notes: 

21. What holidays are allowed during year? 

22. How frequently is Sunday work required? 

23. What vacation is granted? 

24. Describe conditions of- evening and night work (force, protection, etc.) 

25. Rate of pay while learning? 

26. Frequency of promotions? 



a. Automatic? 

27. Rates of pay for: a. Overtime? 

b. Holidays and Sundays? c. Sick leave? 



Yes 


' No 







Yes 


No 







In advance? 



28. Is vacation paid? 

29. Extras (car fare, lunches, etc.) 
Notes: 

30. Fines or suspensions (cause and extent)? ... 

31. To whom can complaints be made and how? 
Notes: 



Building. 
32. Do you use the elevator going to and from work? 



Yes 


NoO 








o 



33. Is entrance from street or alley? a. Sufficiently lighted? 

34. Describe condition of operating room as to ventilation, light, and general comfort: 



35. Describe condition of rest, lunch, and toilet rooms as to ventilation, light, over- 
crowding, etc. : 



332 



TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



36. Provision of food for operators (privileges and restrictions)? 

a. What is your personal attitude? 

37. Do operators contribute toward food, books, or furnishings? 

38. Attitude toward any club or other organization maintained in your exchange? 



Notes: 



Switchboard. 



39. Can you reach top jacks in multiple when seated? 

40. What height above head (when seated) are you required to reach? 

41. What is greatest side reach? 

42. Maximum number of positions covered? 

43. Are you ever required to stand while at work? 

44. How many seconds allowed for making a connection? 

45. How many seconds allowed to disconnect? 

46. Average number of plug connections in a busy hour? 

47. Upon entering service, what educational standard was required? 

a. School grade last attended? 

Have you ever been given any choice: a. In the exchange to which you were 

sent? 

b. In the hours worked? 

Why did you go into telephone work? 

Why do you stay in telephone work? 

Notes: 



48 



Health regulations. 

51. What physical examination was made upon entering service? 
a. By whom made? 



52. Are any examinations made of operators in serviced 



53. Has employment in any way affected your health? 

54. In case of accident or illness, what care is available? 



O Yes 


No 








O Yes 


No 







55. If special room is provided in case of illness, is it kept solely for 

that purpose? 

56. Shock (frequency, severity, etc.)? 



57. Were you ever asked to release company from liability in case of 
shock, accident, etc.? 



58. Does each operator keep her own operating set? 

59. Is operating set disinfected regularly? 

60. Is operating set disinfected at pleasure? 

61. Do you live at home, or board? 



Yes 


No 







O Yes 


No 







Yes 


No 















62. Amount paid per week for board? $ ; Room? $ 

63. Distance from residence to place of employment? miles. 

64. Do you usually walk or ride to and from work? 

65. Total time required going to and returning from work? 

Notes: 



APPENDIX B. 

SPECIMEN OF FIRST LESSONS IN TELEPHONE OPERATING. 



LESSON 1. 



1. There are twenty-one city exchanges in Chicago which are divided into nine 
divisions or districts. The following list gives the names of the exchanges and the 
division to which they belong: [Here follows list which must be memorized.] 

******* 

There are seventeen neighborhood exchanges as follows: 
******* 

Calls for neighborhood exchange numbers are sent through city exchanges accord- 
ing to a routing chart which is posted in front of each operator's position. 

2. Definition of a Local Connection: 

When one subscriber in an exchange calls another subscriber in the same exchange 
this is called a local connection. 

3. Description of a Completed Local Connection: 

(1) When a subscriber takes the receiver off the hook of his telephone, the line 
and pilot lamp signals light up in front of "A" operator. 

(2) She picks up an inside cord, known as an answering cord, inserts the plug 
in answering jack above the line lamp signal, and at the same time throws the cor- 
responding listening key toward the face of switchboard. The plug puts out the 
lights, and the key enables operator to talk to subscriber. 

(3) In a clear, distinct tone with the rising inflection on the word "please," she 
says, "Number please?" "Number please?" to be repeated if no response is received 
the first time. If subscriber can not be heard operator will say, "Please come 
closer to your telephone." 

If subscriber fails to give name of the exchange wanted operator will say, "What 
exchange please?" 

If subscriber gives name of exchange, but omits number, operator will say, "What 
number please." 

(4) The subscriber gives number wanted, "Central 128," Operator repeats it back 
to subscriber, separating the figures, as, "Central one-two-eight." 

(5) She then picks up outside cord, known as the connecting cord, corresponding 
to answering cord in use, locates multiple jack of Central 128, and lightly taps the 
tip of plug against the outer rim of multiple jack three times, resting on the last 
stroke. 

(6) If no sound is heard, connecting cord is inserted in multiple jack. 

(7) And the corresponding ringing key drawn toward operator steadily for at least 
two seconds, thus enabling her to ring the bell on the called party's instrument, 
after which the key is allowed to fall back to the normal or vertical position, thus 
leaving the line clear for both parties to talk. The insertion of the plug causes the 
lamp on the connecting cord to light up. The lamp remains lighted until the called 
party lifts the receiver off the hook of telephone, when it will go out, both cord lamps 
remaining out while the parties are talking. 

(8) When both parties are through talking and hang receivers on the hooks, both 
cord lamps will light up again. Operator then disconnects by taking down inside 
cord first and then outside cord, and restoring them to their regular positions. Op- 
erator will always disconnect when the inside lamp lights, or both, but not when 
only outside lamp lights. 

The cord lamps are called supervisory signals or disconnect signals. 

333 



334 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

LESSON 2. 

1. Plugged Line Instructions: 

A red plug in multiple jack means telephone taken out. Operator will say " Cen- 
tral one-two-eight has been taken out." 

A green plug in multiple jack means question call. Operator will connect sub- 
scriber with hospital operator. 

A black plug in multiple jack means wrong number. Operator will say, "Cen- 
tral one-two-eight is wrong number, please refer to your directory." 

A white plug in multiple jack with "0. W." on face means, one- way telephone. 
Operator will say, "Central one-two-eight is a one-way line, entitled to outgoing 
calls only." 

A white plug in multiple jack with number on the face means that the number 
the plug is in has been changed to number on the plug. Operator will say, "Central 
one-two-eight has been changed to Central one-eight-four, I will connect you," and 
connect subscriber with correct number. 

A white plug in multiple jack with prefix and number on face means that the num- 
ber the plug is in has been changed to number on the plug. Operator will say, 
"Central one- two-eight has been changed to Main one-eight-four, I will connect you," 
and connect subscriber with correct number. 

2. Party Line Prefixes. 

The following list shows the ten-party prefixes in the exchanges having such 



Humboldt, Douglas, Calumet, Yards, Canal, Edgewater and Kedzie numbers 
above 6,000, and Hyde Park numbers above 5,000 are ten-party lines. 

West office has a special prefix for four-party lines called Ashland. 
3. Special Notice. 

"Under no circumstances must an operator handle the uninsulated metallic tip of 
the plug, as a disregard of this rule may lead to the receipt of a shock from the ring- 
ing current. 

In making connections and disconnections, operators must handle the plug by the 
shell, taking hold of the cords only when it is absolutely necessary to do so in restor- 
ing them to their normal positions." 

LESSON 3. 

1. Description of a "B" Connection: 

(1) When an " A " operator in an exchange receives an order for a number in another 
exchange, she closes listening key. 

(2) and depresses call-circuit key to exchange wanted (being careful not to break in 
on the order wire), thereby connecting her operator's set with that of the "B " opera- 
tor's set in the distant exchange, and gives number called for. 

(3) "B" operator assigns "A" operator a trunk line number, and 

(4) "A" operator releases order wire key, 

(5) and opening listening key, 

(6) tests trunk line assigned; if no sound is received 

(7) she inserts the plug in a trunk line jack, 

(8) and closes the listening key. 

(9) When called party lifts receiver off the hook of telephone, the outside super- 
visory lamp goes out, both lamps remaining out while parties are talking. When 
both parties are through talking and hang receivers on hooks again, this action throws 
a light on the " A " operator's disconnect signals, who will disconnect by taking down 
her inside cord first, and then the outside cord; the act of taking down the outside 
cord or removing it from the trunk line assigned throws a light on the "B " operator's 
disconnect signal, who will disconnect by taking down her trunk line cord and restor- 
ing it to its regular position. 

Operator will always disconnect when she receives the signal on the inside /amp, 
or both, but will not disconnect if only the outside lamp lights up. 

If "B" operator can't be heard, "A" operator will say, "Repeat, one-two- 
eight. " 

If "A" operator is assigned a busy trunk line number, she will give order over 
again; if the same trunk line number is again assigned, and still tests busy, operator 
will depress order wire key and say, "Two-eight tests busy, four-five-eight," 
giving the number that was called and report to supervisor. 



APPENDIXES. 335 

On a call for a neighborhood exchange or for Aldine, Haymarket, Midway, Lawn- 
dale, or Ashland, the operator mnst be sure to give both the prefix and number wanted 
on the order wire. 
2. Busy-Back Signal: 

The "Busy -back" signal is a continuous buzzing sound accompanied by a flashing 
cord lamp which the "B " operator in a distant exchange gives to the subscriber when 
he calls for a number in her exchange that is busy. She inserts the plug of the trunk 
assigned in a jack located in the lower part of her board called "busy-back" jacks, 
which are equipped with this continuous buzzing sound, that automatically lets a 
subscriber know the line is in use. 

If subscriber fails to understand or asks what the "busy-back" signal is, operator 
will remove connecting cord and say, "That sound is the busy signal." 

LESSON 4. 

1. Delayed Connections: 

When there is a delay of any kind on a connection, operator will say to subscriber, 
"Just a moment, please, I am trying to get the connection for you," and report delay 
to supervisor at once. 

2. A Local "Can't Raise": 

When operator has a "local" connection on her board and outside supervisory 
lamp remains lighted a minute or more, she will say, "Central one-two-eight I will 
ring them again," and do so; if after another minute or more the outside lamp is still 
lighted, she will say, "Central one-two— eight, does not answer." If subscriber 
insists that they will answer, say, "I will ring them again," then change the cords 
and ring again. If they answer 0. K. on the second pair of cords, the first pair will be 
reported to supervisor for test. If still no response say, " Central one-two-eight, does 
not answer," and if subscriber is not satisfied, refer to supervisor. 

3. A "Can't Raise" in Another Exchange: 

When operator has a connection on her board to another exchange, and connecting 
cord supervisory lamp remains lighted about a minute, showing that the called party 
has not answered, operator will go in on connection, and if ringing induction is heard, 
she will leave connection and say nothing, and will not request "B " operator to ring, 
but will wait another minute and if supervisory lamp still remains lighted, "A" 
operator will say, "Main one-two-eight does not answer." 

If subscriber is not satisfied, refer him to supervisor. 

If ringing induction is not heard on the trunk, she will say to the subscriber, "I 
will ring them again," and then go in on the circuit and say to the " B " operator, 
"Ring (subscriber's number) on " (trunk number). 

If operator has forgotten the number called she will say to the subscriber, "What 
number did you call, please?" then repeating "I will ring them again," and give this 
order over the circuit as noted in above paragraph, waiting on the circuit for the "B " 
operator to reply "Yes" to the request. 

If ringing induction is not then heard, the "A" operator will go in on the circuit, 

ask the "B" operator to "Change on ," and "A" operator will also change 

her cords. 

If called party answers, or ringing induction is heard on the second trunk, the cords 
and the first trunk used must be reported to supervisor for test as "No ringing induc- 
tion ," giving number and prefix of party called, as well as trunk number. 

If the called party does not answer and ringing induction is not heard on the second 
trunk, the connection will be referred to the supervisor. 

If the called party does not answer and ringing induction is heard on the second 
trunk, the operator will report a "Can't raise." 

4. Reporting "Can't Raise": 

"Can't Raise" should not be reported in less than one and a half minutes. 

5. Ringing Induction: 

If subscriber wants to know what the ringing induction is, "A" operator will say, 
"That sound is the ringing signal." 

LESSON 5. 
1. Busy Tests: 

When an "A" operator gets a call for a number in her own exchange, she strikes 
the outer ring of the multiple jack of number called three times, resting on the last 
stroke; if a loud click is heard, she knows the line is in use, and will say to calling 
party, "Central one-two-eight is busy." 



336 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

2. Flash Signals: 

When a supervisory lamp flashes, the operator will, at once, cut in on the connection 
and say: "What is it, please?" If called party wants a number, operator will say, 
"Please signal your operator," and then disconnect. 

If the calling party asks for a number, which the operator recognizes as being the 
same number as previously called, she will repeat order back and say: "I will ring 
them again." The operator, if she does not know, will repeat order back and say: 
"Is that the same number?" If it is, operator will follow through as the original con- 
nection. 

Connections will be followed up as previously outlined under "can't raise" reports, 
the operator being governed by the ringing induction in re-ringing same number, 
request for a different number to be treated as new calls. 

When subscriber flashes and notifies the operator that he has been given a wrong 
number, operator will say, "What number did you call, please?" repeat order and 
call number given. 

Flash and disconnect signals should always be cared for first, as an operator is sup- 
posed to take care of and complete but one connection at a time, and she is the only 
operator who can answer her flash signals, while the operators on either side may 
answer the line lamp signals, or if the latter are busy, supervisor will come to her 
assistance. 

Should subscriber flash while operator is engaged, operator will go in on line in 
answer to flash signal, and say, "Just a moment, please," complete first connection 
and then answer the flash signal by phrase, "What is it, please?" and handle as 
above. 

3. Manager Calls: 

If the calling party asks for the manager, operator will say, ' ' Manager, ' ' call super- 
visor and insert the corresponding outside cord in supervisor's jack. Should super- 
visor be unable to answer at once, operator will say, ' ' Manager, just a moment, please. ' ' 

If the calling party asks for the manager of another exchange, operator will repeat, 

" manager," repeating office asked for, press order wire key to exchange wanted, 

and say, "Manager," connect subscriber by using trunk assigned. 

If the called party asks for the manager, refer him to supervisor by handing her the 
corresponding inside cord, but if called party asks for the manager in another exchange 
say, "Please signal your operator," and then disconnect. 

LESSON 6. 

1. Auxiliary Lines: 

When a subscriber has more than one telephone and wishes to have calls put on 
any one of the lines when the number called for is busy, they are specially marked 
in the subscriber's multiple, so that operator will test all of them before reporting a 
"busy" to calling subscriber. 

When a subscriber's auxiliary line jacks touch each other they are called "grouped " 
auxiliaries and are marked with a red or white painted line underneath the jack. 

When the auxiliary line jacks do not touch each other they are called "scattered" 
auxiliaries, and are marked with yellow or green paint underneath the jacks. 

If subscriber has two or more lines and they all test busy operator will say, "Central 
one-two-eight, all lines are busy." 

2. Measured Rate and Flat Rate Service: 

A measured service line is one on which subscriber is charged for each completed 
"out-going" call, made from that line, a record being kept by the "A" operator. 

A flat rate line is one on which subscriber can make as many calls as he likes, no 
record being made of them. 

When the figures at the right of auxiliary lines in subscriber's multiple are painted 
green this indicates that the lines so marked are measured service lines. 

Some subscribers have both measured and flat rate service lines used auxiliary 
to each other and wish their "incoming" calls put on their measured service lines, 
when they are not busy, so that the flat rate lines will be free for "outgoing" calls 
as much as possible. When a call is received for such numbers operator will test 
the measured service lines first before testing other lines and when measured service 
lines are not busy will complete connections on them before using the flat rate ones. 

3. Answering Jack Markings: 

Red paint around answering jack means "special service;" operator will refer to 
list on board. 

Yellow paint around. answering jack means long distance terminal, subscriber to 
be connected with long distance trunk line without being answered. 

4. Direct Trunk Lines: 

Trunk lines that are underlined in green paint, operator will test in the usual way 
and when an available one is found insert plug and give one short ring. 



APPENDIXES. 337 

Trunk lines that are underlined in red. or black paint operator will not ring. 

Operators will not ring on long distance trunk lines. 

Operator will always allow subscriber to give his own order to second operator. 

5. Distributing Calls: 

When operator and those on either side of her are too busy to answer a call signal 
supervisor will transfer call to an operator who is not busy, saying, "Take central 
500," or whatever the number is. Operator will take inside cord, insert it in mul- 
tiple jack of number given her and complete connection on outside cord, the same 
as if connection has been made from an answering jack. 

6. Half Connections: 

Operator must not put answering cord in answering jack until she is ready to 
serve calling party. This is called "holding on a half connection." 

When more than one lamp lights up at the same time operator must complete one 
connection before taking another. 

LESSON 7. 

1. False Calls: 

Mistakes are sometimes made in calling numbers, then discovered before the called 
party answers, the calling party disconnecting to obtain correct number. This brings 
the called party to the telephone when he is not wanted and these cases are known 
as "false calls." 

He usually asks who called him and operator will say, "I'm sorry, we rang your 
bell by mistake." 

If he still remains at the telephone, operator will say, "There is no one on your 
line now," following this with "Please hang up your receiver," should subscriber 
not hang up promptly. 

Should subscriber make further complaint and fail to hang up receiver, refer him 
to the supervisor. 

When an operator rings a number by mistake, she will remain in on the line and 
say, "I'm sorry, we rang your bell by mistake." 

When calling party hangs up receiver, just as party answers, operator will say to 
called party, "I'm sorry, the party who called has disconnected." 

2. Cut Ofps: 

When a subscriber has been disconnected from a party he has been talking with 
before they are through with the conversation, this is called a "cut off." 

On complaint of a "cut off," operator, if she handled the original connection and 
remembers the number, will attempt to reestablish the connection. 

If she has forgotten the number she will say, "What number did you call, please? " 
Repeating order back, she will proceed as above. 

On complaint of cut off, if operator has not had the original connection she will 
say, "Did they call you?" If reply is "yes," she will say, "Please hang up your 
receiver and give them a chance to call you again." If subscriber still remains at 
the telephone refer him to supervisor. 

Should response be, "No, I made the call," operator will say, "What number did 
you call, please? " If from a flat rate telephone, operator will complete connection. 

If the number tests busy, refer case to supervisor. 

The restored connection should be carefully supervised to see that conversation 
is not interrupted a second time. 

LESSON 8. 

1. Permanent Signals: , 

When a line and pilot-lamp signal light up and operator says, "Number, please, " 
twice without getting any response, she will change her cords and say, "Number, 
please, " again. Should she still get no response, line will be considered out of order 
and will be referred to hospital operator by pressing order wire marked "H. O." 
(hospital operator) and say, " One-two-eight permanent, " giving number that is 
permanent. If a two-party line, operator will give both numbers. If a ten-party 
line, operator will give the circuit number. If a four-party line operator will give 
in circuit number and a station number as directed in each office, or all numbers. 

2. Hospital and Irregular Call Position: 

This is a switchboard position, especially equipped for handling lines which are 
out of order and irregular calls of various kinds, which for one reason or another the 
operators are not able to complete direct. 

All calls for lines on which the "out of order" or "question" tests are noted, all 
calls for lines plugged, which operator can not complete, are referred to this position. 

29480— S. Doc. 380, 61-2 22 



338 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 

3. Out-of-Order Tone Test: 

The hospital operator has special cords for use on lines that have been reported 
permanent. The plugs of these cords have a continuous humming sound called 
''Out-of-order tone test," which, when plug is inserted in subscribers' multiple 
jack of line that is out of order, throw this tone on the rim of the jack throughout 
the board, so that operator getting a call for a line that is permanent will get this 
tone when testing the line. Instead of completing the connection, she will transfer 
the calling party to the hospital operator over special trunks provided for this purpose. 
Hospital operator will notify calling party that the line is out of order. 

When a subscriber has two or more lines and one is out of order, having the tone 
test on it, and the other busy, operator will say, ■ ' Central five-eight, all lines are busy. " 

4. Information Position: 

This operator will furnish information concerning telephone numbers that do 
not appear in current issue of directory or that subscribers can not find for any reason. 
Supplementing the regular directory, there is issued a daily bulletin, containing num- 
ber and name of new telephones installed, change of number, etc. This bulletin covers 
all changes made prior to 3 o'clock of the date of issue. 

5. Question Test: 

This test is a light buzzing noise similar to the "busy-back signal" and is found 
usually on auxiliary lines. When this test is heard operator will connect calling 
party with information position. 
Special Note: 

Operators must never ring on hospital or information lines. 

LESSON 9. 

1. Telephone-out-of-Order Complaints: 

day. 

When a subscriber complains of his telephone being in trouble between 7 a. m. and 
5 p.m., operator will say, ' ' I will connect you with the repair department. ' ' Operator 
will then test the repair department's lines and, when an available one is found, 
complete connection. 

Sundays and holidays, repair desk is covered from 8 a. m., to 5 p. m. 

If subscriber complains of his telephone being in trouble during the evening, refer 
him to supervisor. 

If a subscriber from another exchange reports his telephone out of order refer him 
to supervisor. 

2. Overflow Reports: 

An overflow report is what the "B " operator in a distant exchange gives the "A" 
operator, when all of her trunk lines are in use; the "A" operator will try all call 
circuits to that office and if trunks are all busy will wait ten or fifteen seconds and 
then give order again in same manner. 

If a second overflow report is received, operator will say to subscriber, "All lines 

to office are in use," and should he not hang up, add, "Please call a little 

later." 

Operator will report overflows to supervisors by saying, "Overflow on main," or 
whatever office it may be. 

"Generator gone " — phrase used by " B " operator when ringing current is in trouble. 

"A" operator will say to subscriber, "We are unable to ring numbers, please 

call again." % 

LESSON 10. 

1. Messenger Service: 

Subscriber wishing to make inquiry regarding messenger service must be connected 
direct with the messenger office, operator using the phrase "I will connect you with 
the messenger department," giving him Main 152. Calls for messenger boys will be 
handled according to special instructions in the various offices. 

2. Toll Service: 

1. When a subscriber signs a contract for telephone service he specifies whether he 
'wishes connection with long-distance points or not. If he does, he is said to have 
toll service; if he wishes only city connections, he is known as a "no-toll" subscriber. 
Calls for long distance or long-distance points from a toll subscriber are placed on the 
long-distance trunks. 

2. If a "toll " subscriber calls for one of the express points, which are Oak Park and 
Evanston, order will be given over Main call circuit, except in Central and Harrison, 
where special express trunks are used. 

3. Should a "toll" subscriber ask to have charges reversed connect him with long 
distance, except the express points, which will be connected as per paragraph 2. 



APPENDIXES. 339 

4. If a "toll" subscriber calls for long-distance manager, or chief operator, connect 
him with long distance. 

5. If a "toll " subscriber calls for an operator by name of State or town, connect him 
with long distance. 

6. Should a "toll" subscriber want to know the charges to any long-distance point, 
connect him with long distance, except the express points, which will be connected 
as stated in paragraph 2. 

7. Should a "toll" subscriber complain of being cut off from the Buffalo operator, 
or any operator by name of State or town, connect him with long distance. 

8. Calls for operators by numbers 1 to 100 or for operator 850 are put on long dis- 
tance; calls for any other operators by number are referred to supervisor. 

LESSON 11. 

1. "No Toll" Service: 

(1) A subscriber who does not want long distance connections has his line-lamp 
marked with a red opal. 

When a subscriber calls from a line marked with red opal for long distance, operator 
will say, "Toll connections are not allowed from this telephone." 

Any complaint or question about long distance should be referred to supervisor, 
when made from a "no toll" telephone. 

2. Overflow Positions: 

This is a position in which are duplicated the subscribers' line-lamps and answering- 
jacks of another position, and is used only when the work in the regular position 
is too heavy for regular operator. A green opal marks the lines which are duplicated 
in an overflow position. 

3. Identification of Operator: 

If an operator is asked for her name, she is to say, "I can't give my name, but my 

number is ." 

Operator must always give her number when requested. 

LESSON 12. 

1. Police Calls: 

When a subscriber asks for — 

(1) Police department or "police," 

(2) A police station, 

(3) Main 13, 

(4) Chief of police, 

operator will say, "Do you want to give a police alarm?" If response is "yes," 
operator will connect subscriber with nearest police alarm wire, as per instructions 
to be given in each office, calling the order over the circuit as "police alarm," super- 
vise and report facts to supervisor. 

If response is "no," operator will say, "Have you referred to your directory?" 
and if he has not, she will add, "Please do so." If he states he can not find the num- 
ber, he is to be referred to the information operator, saying, "I will connect you with 
the information operator." 

If subscriber comes to telephone and shouts "police" and leaves telephone again, 
operator will refer subscriber's number to supervisor at once; if a two or four party 
line, give all numbers; if a ten-party line, give number of circuit, plug not to be 
removed from answering jack until number is referred to supervisor. 

2. Fire Calls: 

When a subscriber asks for — 
• (1) Main 0, 

(2) Fire department or shouts "fire," 

(3) Chief of fire department, 

operator will say, "Do you want to report a fire?" If response is "yes," give order 
over main order wire as "0," connect subscriber with trunk line assigned, supervise 
and report facts to supervisor. 

If response is "no," handle as above outlined under police alarm instructions. 

If subscriber wants to know where the fire is, operator will say, "We do not know." 

If he still insists or asks for Main "0" saying t^iat they will tell him, refer him to 
supervisor. 

If subscriber shouts "fire" and leaves telephone, operator will refer subscriber's 
number to supervisor at once. 

If a two or four party line, she will give all numbers; if a ten-party line, she will 
give number of circuit, plug not to be removed from answering jack until number 
is referred to supervisor. 

Fire calls originating in Hyde Park, Oakland, Wentworth, and Yards offices will be 
given over Wentworth order wire as "0," supervise and report facts to supervisor. 



340 TELEPHONE INVESTIGATION. 



LESSON 13. 



1. Calls for Officials of the Company: 

Calls for president, general manager, general superintendent, superintendent of 
traffic, and other officials, for the contract or other departments of the company will 
be referred to Main 294. Calls for manager, chief operator or wire chief of any office 
are put through without question. 

Calls for others than these refer to supervisor. 

2. Calls for Connections by Name instead of Number: 

If subscriber asks operator for, the name or number of a certain party, she will say, 
"Have you referred to your directory?" If he says "No, " she will say, "Please do 
so; " if he replies that he can not find it, or if he asks for a new telephone, she will say, 
"I will connect you with the information operator, " and do so. 

If subscriber has not time to look number up, — refer to supervisor. 

3. Calls for Subscriber's Agent: 

On calls for subscriber's agent, operator will say "Subscriber's agent,"" and complete 
connection on Main 294. 

4. Subscriber's Right of Way: 

If called party wants a number before talking to calling party, operator will say, 
"There is a party calling you, will you talk with him?" If subscriber says "Yes" 
operator will say, "There is your party. " 

If he says "No," and asks for another number, operator will say, "Please signal 
your operator," and disconnect, at the same time saying to calling party, "Your 
party is calling another number. " 

If called subscriber has auxiliary lines, operator will test them and if one is avail- 
able, complete connection. 

5. Calls for Local Numbers: 

All calls for local numbers, as for example, Local 128, operator will say, "What 
exchange, please " ? 

6. Private Exchanges: 

Private exchange means the subscriber has a private switchboard on his premises, 
attended by a private operator, and has trunk lines extending to the nearest telephone 
exchange. 

7. How to Handle Calls for Private Exchange Numbers: 

Calls for private exchange numbers from 1 to 320, will be given over central order 
wire, both prefix and number to be given over the circuit. 

LESSON 14. 
Miscellaneous Instruction: 

When a call is received from a two or four-party line for a number in the same 
exchange, operator will look at number plate or chart to see if number called is the 
other party on this line. If so, she will say, "Please hang up your receiver for a 
moment," and will then ring called party in the multiple. When they answer let 
them talk on the same cord m answering jack. 

Calls for the health department are put on Main 447 . 

Operator receiving request for a directory will refer calling party to supervisor. 

Call for the collection department will be given Main 294. 

Should subscriber ask operator to ring his bell, operator will ask, "What is your 
number, please," and on getting it will say, "Please hang up your receiver for a 
moment," and when disconnect signal is received she will ring back on line, making 
connection through the multiple. 

Call for chief operator in another exchange will be given over the calling circuit as 
"Manager." 

Call for the wire chief in another exchange will be given over the calling circuit as 
"Wire chief." 

Should subscriber ask for hospital operator, refer matter to supervisor. 

Should subscriber ask for the information operator in another exchange, connect 
him with the information operator of the division. 

Should operator receive a request from a subscriber asking for the panel and jack 
number or with a request, "What line," she will look at the answering jack and give 
the information wanted. 

If subscriber flashes and asks for a better connection, operator will say, "Just a 
moment, please," change cords and say, "There is your party." She will refer first 
pair of cords to supervisor. If on a "B" connection she will change her cords and 
ask "B" operator to change the trunk, reporting first cords and trunk to supervisor. 

o 



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